Acknowledgement
본 논문은 노진환 교수님의 학문적 열정으로부터 시작되었고, 저자는 논문 작성 과정 동안 건설적인 검토와 아낌없는 조언을 해 주신 노진환 교수님께 감사의 말씀을 드립니다. 또한, 심사과정 중에 건설적인 제안과 미비한 점을 지적하여 논문의 완성도를 높여주신 이승렬 박사와 익명의 심사위원께 감사드린다. 이 연구는 정부(과학기술정보통신부)의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임(NRF-2022R1A2C1003840).
References
- Abrajano, T.A., Surchio, N.C., Kennedy, B.M., Lyon, G.L., Muehlenbachs, K. and Bohlke, J.K. 1990, Geochemistry of reduced gas related to serpentinization of the Zambales ophiolite, Philippines. Applied Geochemistry, 5, 625-630. doi:10.1016/0883-2927(90)90060-I
- Aiuppa, A., Shinohara, H., Tamburello, G., Giudice, G., Liuzzo, M. and Moretti, R., 2011, Hydrogen in the gas plume of an open-vent volcano, Mount Etna, Italy. J Geophys Res. 116https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008461. B10204.
- Apps, J.A. and van de Kamp, P.C., 1993, Energy gases of abiogenic origin in the Earth's crust. In 'Future Energy Gases.' United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1570, 81-130.
- Bali, E., Audetat, A. and Keppler, H., 2013, Water and hydrogen are immiscible in Earth's mantle. Nature 495, 220-222. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11908.
- Barreto, L., Makihira, A., Riahi, K., 2003, The hydrogen economy in the 21st century: a sustainable development scenario. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 28, 267-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-3199(02)00074-5.
- Boreham, C.J., Edwards, D.S., Czado, K., Rollet, N., Wang, L., van der Wielen, S., Champion, D., Blewett, R., Feitz, A. and Henson, P.A., 2021a, Hydrogen in Australian natural gas: occurrences, sources and resources. The APPEA Journal, 61, 163-191. https://doi.org/10.1071/AJ20044
- Boreham, C.J., Sohn, J.H., Cox, N., Williams, J., Hong, Z., and Kendrick, M.A., 2021b. Hydrogen and hydrocarbons associated with the Neoarchean Frog's Leg Gold Camp, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia. Chemical Geology, 575, 120098. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120098
- Boschetti, T. and Toscani, L., 2008, Springs and streams of the Taro-Ceno Valleys (Northern Apennine, Italy): Reaction path modeling of waters interacting with serpentinized ultramafic rocks. Chemical Geology 257, 76-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.08.017
- Briere, D., Jerzykiewicz, T. and Sliwinski, W., 2017, On Generating a Geological Model for Hydrogen Gas in the Southern Taoudenni Megabasin (Bourakebougou Area, Mali). AAPG/SEG International Conference & Exhibition, Astract with program.
- Bruce, S., Temminghoff, M., Hayward, J., Schmidt, E., Munnings, C., Palfreyman, D. and Hartley, P., 2018, National Hydrogen Roadmap. CSIRO, Australia. Available at https://publications.csiro.au/rpr/pub? pid=csiro:EP184600 [Verified 4 January 2021].
- Le Caer, S., 2011, Water Radiolysis: Influence of Oxide Surfaces on H2 Production under Ionizing Radiation. Water, 3, 235-253; doi:10.3390/w3010235
- Cheong, A.C.S., Jo, H.J., Jeong, Y.J. and Li, X.H., 2019, Magmatic response to the interplay of collisional and accretionary orogenies in the Korean Peninsula: Geochronological, geochemical, and O-Hf isotopic perspectives from Triassic plutons. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 131, 609-634. https://doi.org/10.1130/B32021.1
- Cho, M., Kim, T., Yang, S.-Y. and Yi, K., 2017, Paleoproterozoic to Triassic crustal evolution of the Gyeonggi Massif, Korea: Tectonic correlation with the North China craton. In R.D. Law, J.R. Thigpen, A.J. Merschat, & H. Stowell (Eds.), Linkages and Feedbacks in Orogenic Systems (Vol. 213). Geological Society of America Memoir. (pp. 165-197). The Geological Society of America, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1130/2017.1213(09)
- Cho, M., Cheong, W., Ernst, W.G., Kim, T. and Yi, K., 2020, U-Pb detrital zircon ages of Cambrian-Ordovician sandstones from the Taebaeksan Basin, Korea: Provenance variability in platform shelf sequences and paleogeographic implications. The Geological Society of American Bulletin, https://doi.org/10.1130/B35521.1
- Chough S.K. and Sohn, Y.K., 2010, Tectonic and sedimentary evolution of a Cretaceous continental arc-backarc system in the Korean peninsula: New view. Earth-Science Reviews, 101, 225-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.05.004
- Chough, S.K., 2013, Geology and Sedimentology of Korean Peninsula. In: Elsevier Insights. Elsevier, pp. 363.
- Chough, S.K., Kwon, S.-T., Ree, J.-H. and Choi, D.K., 2000, Tectonic and sedimentary evolution of the Korean peninsula: a review and new view. Earth-Science Review 52, 175-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-8252(00)00029-5
- Christensen, H. and Bjergbakke, E., 1982, Radiolysis of ground water from spent fuel. Swedish Nuclear Fuel Safety Project, 34p.
- Coveney, R.M., Jr., Goebel, E.D., Dreschhoff, G.A.M. and Angino, E.E., 1987, Serpentinization and the origin of hydrogen gas in Texas. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 71, 39-48. doi:10.1306/94886D3F1704-11D7-8645000102C1865D
- Cruikshank, D.P., Morrison, D. and Lennon, K., 1973, Volcanic gases: hydrogen burning at Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. Science, 182, 277-279. https://doi.org/10.1126/science. 182.4109.277.
- Dubessy, J., Poty, B. and Ramboz, C., 1989, Advances in C-O-H-N-S fluid geochemistry based on micro-Raman spectrometric analysis of fluid inclusions. European Journal of Mineralogy 1, 517-534. doi:10.1127/ejm/1/4/0517
- Drummond, B.J., Hobbs, B.E., and Goleby, B.R., 2004, The role of crustal fluids in the tectonic evolution of the Eastern Goldfields Province of the Archaean Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia. Earth Planets Space, 56, 1163-1169. https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03353335
- Etiope, G. and Schoell, M., 2014, Abiotic gas: atypical but not rare. Elements 10, 291-296. https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.10.4.291
- Evans, B.W., Hattori, K. and Baronnet, A., 2013, Serpentinite: what, why, where? Elements 9, 99-106. doi:10.2113/gselements.9.2.99
- Gaillard, F., Scaillet B. and Arndt, N.T., 2011, Atmospheric oxygenation caused by a change in volcanic degassing pressure. Nature 478, 229-232. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10460
- Giardini, A.A. and Melton, C.E., 1983, A scientific explanation for the origin and location of petroleum accumulations. Journal of. Petroleum Geology, 6, 117-138. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-5457.1983.tb00412.x
- Giggenbach, W.F., 1987, Redox processes governing the chemistry of fumarolic gas discharges from White Island, New Zealand. Applied Geochemistry 2, 143-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(87)90030-8
- Gilat, A.L., Vol, A., 2005, Primordial hydrogen-helium degassing, an overlooked major energy source for internal terrestrial processes. HAIT J Sci Eng B 2, 125-167.
- Gilat, A.L. and Vol, A., 2012, Degassing of primordial hydrogen and helium as the major energy source for internal terrestrial processes. Geoscience Frontiers, 3, 911-921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2012.03.009
- Goebel, E.D., Coveney, R.M., Jr., Angino, E.E., Zeller, E.J. and Dreschhoff, G.A.M., 1984, Geology, composition, isotopes of naturally occurring H2/N2 rich gas from wells near Junction City, Kansas. Oil and Gas Journal 82, 215-222.
- Gregory, S.P., Barnett, M.J., Field, L.P. and Milodowski, A.E., 2019, Subsurface microbial hydrogen cycling: natural occurrence and implications for industry. Microorganisms, 7, 53. doi:10.3390/microorganisms7020053
- Guelard, J., Beaumont, V., Rouchon, V., Guyot, F., Pillot, D., Jezequel, D., Ader, M., Newell, K.D. and Deville, E., 2017, Natural H2 in Kansas: deep or shallow origin? Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 18, 1841-1865. doi:10.1002/2016GC006544
- Holland, H.D., 2002, Volcanic gases, black smokers, and the Great Oxidation Event. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 66, 3811-3826. doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(02)00950-X
- Holm, N.G., Oze, C., Mousis, O., Waite, J.H. and GuilbertLepoutre, A., 2015, Serpentinization and the Formation of H2 and CH4 on Celestial Bodies (Planets, Moons, Comets). ASTROBIOLOGY, 15, 587-600. doi:10.1089/ast.2014.1188
- Hwang, S.K. and Woo, B.G., 2009, Role of the Cheongryangsan Conglomerate and the Osipbong Basalt in Classifying Stratigraphy of the Hayang Group, Yeongyang Subbasin. Journal of Petrological Society of Korea, 18(3), 181-194.
- IRENA, 2019, Global energy transformation: A roadmap to 2050 (2019 edition), International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi, 52p.
- IRENA, 2020, Green Hydrogen: A guide to policy making, International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi, 52p.
- Johns, D.R., Menpes, S.A., Walshe, P. and Bache, F., 2017, Exploration of a Sub-salt Play in the Southern Amadeus Basin, Central Australia - Searching for Big Gas in Proterozoic Reservoirs. Abstract SEAPEX Exploration Conference.
- Katayama, I., Kurosaki, I. and Hirauchi, K., 2010, Low silica activity for hydrogen generation during serpentinization: an example of natural serpentinites in the Mineoka ophiolite complex, central Japan. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 298, 199-204. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.07.045
- Kim, H.S. and Ree, J-H., 2010, P-T modeling of kyanite and sillimanite paramorphs growth after andalusite in late Paleozoic Pyeongan Supergroup, South Korea: Implication for metamorphism during the Mesozoic tectonic evolution. Lithos 118, 269-286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2010.05.005
- Kim, H.S., Ree, J-H., and Kim, J., 2012, Tectonometamorphic evolution of the Permo-Triassic Songrim (Indosinian) orogeny: evidence from the late Paleozoic Pyeongan Supergroup in the northeastern Taebaeksan Basin, South Korea. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 101, 483-498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-011-0683-x
- Kim, M.G. and Lee, Y.I., 2018, The Pyeongan Supergroup (upper Paleozoic-Lower Triassic) in the Okcheon Belt, Korea: A review of stratigraphy and detrital zircon provenance, and its implications for the tectonic setting of the eastern Sino-Korean Block. Earth-Science Reviews 185, 1170-1186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.09.006
- Kim, H.S., Ree, J-H., Kang, H-C. and Yi, K., 2021, Pressure-temperature-time-deformation (P-T-t-d) path for Devonian forearc deposits in the Imjingang Belt, South Korea: Implications for Permian-Triassic collisional orogenesis on the eastern margin of Eurasia. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmg.12636
- Kim, K.H., Park, J.K., Yang, J.M. and Yoshida, N., 1990, Petrogenesos of the carbonate and serpentinite from the Ulsan Iron mine. Journal of Geological Society Kora, 26, 5, 407-417.
- Kim, K-H., Yun, S.T., Yu, S., Choi, B-Y., Kim, M-J. and Lee J-J., 2020, Geochemical pattern recognitions of deep thermal groundwater in South Korea using self-organizing map: Identified pathways of geochemical reaction and mixing. Journal of Hydrology, 589, 125202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125202
- Kim, N.K. and Choi, S.H., 2016, Petrogenesis of Late Triassic ultramafic rocks from the Andong Ultramafic Complex, South Korea. Lithos 264, 28-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2016.07.042
- Kim, S.W., Kwon, S., Park, S.I., Yi, K., Santosh, M. and Kim, H.S., 2017, Early to middle Paleozoic tectonometamorphic evolution of the Hongseong area, central western Korean peninsula: Tectonic implications. Gondwana Research, 47, 308-322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2016.05.016
- Kim, S.W., Whang, S.K., Lee Y.J. and Koh, I.S., 2000, Diversity of the Cretaceous volcanics in Gyeongsang basin, Korea. Journal of Petrological Society of. Korea, 9(1), 1-12.
- Klein, F., Bach, W. and McCollom, T.M., 2013, Compositional controls on hydrogen generation during serpentinization of ultramafic rocks. Lithos, 178, 55-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2013.03.008
- Klein, F., Tarnas, J.D. and Bach, W., 2020, Abiotic sources of molecular hydrogen on Earth. Elements 16, 19-24. doi:10.2138/gselements.16.1.19
- Kumagai, Y., Kimura, A., Taguchi, M., Nagaishi, R., Yamagishi, I. and Kimura, T., 2013, Hydrogen production in gamma radiolysis of the mixture of mordenite and seawater. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 50, 130-138. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2013.757453
- Kwon, Y.W., Kim, H.S. and Oh, C.W., 1997, Polymetamorphism of the Odesan Gneiss Complex in the northeastern area of the Kyonggi Massif, Korea. Journal of Petrological Society of. Korea, 6, 226-243.
- Kwon, S., Sajeev, K., Mitra, G., Park, Y., Kim, S.W. and Ryu, I-D., 2009, Evidence for Permo-Triassic collision in Far East Asia: The Korean collisional orogen. Earth and Planetary Letters 279, 340-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.01.016
- Larin, N., Zgonnik, V., Rodina, S., Deville, E., Prinzhofer, A. and Larin, V.N., 2014, Natural Molecular Hydrogen Seepage Associated with Surficial, Rounded Depressions on the European Craton in Russia. Natural Resources Research, doi:10.1007/s11053-014-9257-5
- LaVerne, J.A. and Tandon, L., 2005, H2 and Cl2 production in the radiolysis of calcium and magnesium chlorides and hydroxides. Journal of Physical Chemistry A 109, 2861-2865. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp044166o
- Lee, B.C., Oh, C.W., Kim, T.S. and Yi, K., 2016, The metamorphic evolution from ultrahigh-temperature to amphibolite facies metamorphism in the Odaesan area after the collision between the North and South China Cratons in the Korean Peninsula. Lithos, 256-257, 109-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2016.03.019
- Lee, Y.I. and Sheen, D-H., 1998, Detrital modes of the Pyeongan Supergroup (Late Carboniferous-Early Triassic) sandstones in the Samcheog coalfield, Korea: implications for provenance and tectonic setting. Sedimentary Geology, 119, 219-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(98)00053-0
- Lee, J.H. and Kim, S.Y., 1970, Mineralization and ore deposits of native copper in Seachangdong basalt flows in Yeongyang Basin, Korea. Journal of Geological Society of Korea, 6(4), 233-248.
- Lilley, M.D., Butterfield, D.A., Lupton, J.E. and Olson, E.J., 2003, Magmatic events can produce rapid changes in hydrothermal vent chemistry. Nature, 422, 878-881. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01569
- Lin, L-H., Hall, J., Lippmann-Pipke, J., Ward, J. A., Sherwood Lollar, B., de Flaun, M., Rothmel, M., Moser, D. and Gihring, T.M., 2005, Radiolytic H2 in continental crust: nuclear power for deep subsurface microbial communities. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 6, Q07003. doi:10.1029/2004GC000907
- Ma, W., Xin, H., Zhong, D., Qian, F., Han, H. and Yuan, Y., 2016, Effects of different states of Fe on anaerobic digestion: A review, Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 22, 69-75.
- Mayhew, L.E., Ellison, E.T., McCollom, T.M., Trainor, T.P. and Templeton, A.S., 2013, Hydrogen generation from low-temperature water-rock reactions. Nature Geoscience, 6, 478-483. doi:10.1038/NGEO1825
- McCollom, T.M. and Seewald, J.S., 2013, Serpentinites, hydrogen and life. Elements, 9, 129-134. doi:10.2113/gselements.9.2.129
- Mccollom, T. and Bach, W., 2009, Thermodynamic constraints on hydrogen generation during serpentinization of ultramafic rocks. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 73, 856-875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.10.032
- Miller, H.M., Matter, J.M., Kelemen, P., Ellison, E.T., Conard, M.E., Fierer, N., Ruchala, T., Tominage, M. and Templeton, A.S., 2016, Modern water/rock reactions in Oman hyperalkaline peridotite aquifers and implications for microbial habitability. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 179, 217-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.01.033
- Moretti, I., Brouilly, E., Loiseau, K., Prinzhofer, A. and Deville, E., 2021, Hydrogen Emanations in Intracratonic Areas: New Guide Lines for Early Exploration Basin Screening. Geosciences, 11, 145. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11030145
- Moussallam, Y., Oppenheimer, C., Aiuppa, A., Giudice, G., Moussallam, M. and Kyle, P., 2012, Hydrogen emissions from Erebus volcano, Antarctica. Bulletin of Volcanology, 74, 2109-2120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-012-0649-2
- Nikolaidis, P. and Poullikkas, A., 2017, A comparative overview of hydrogen production processes. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 67, 597-611. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.044
- Nuttall, W. and Bakenne, A.T., 2020, 'Fossil Fuel Hydrogen: Technical, Economic and Environmental Potential'. (Springer Nature: Switzerland AG.) doi:10.1007/978-3-030-30908-4
- Oh, C.W., Imayama, T., Lee, S.Y., Yi, S-B., Yi, K. and Lee, B.C., 2015, Permo-Triassic and Paleoproterozoic metamorphism related to continental collision in Yangpyeong, South Korea. Lithos, 216-217, 264-284. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.lithos.2014.12.016
- Oh, C.W., Imayama, T., Yi, S-B., Kim, T., Ryu, I-C., Jeon, J. and Yi, K., 2014, Middle Paleozoic metamorphism in the Hongseong area, South Korea, and tectonic significance for Paleozoic orogeny in northeast Asia. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 95, 203-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.08.011
- Ojakangas, R.W., Morey, G.B. and Green, J.C., 2001, The Mesoproterozoic Midcontinent Rift System, Lake Superior Region, USA, Sedimentary Geology, 142, 421-442. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00085-9
- Park, B.J. and Kim, H.S., 2022, P-T-XCO2-bulk rock composition modeling of garnet decomposition in amphibolite and mafic granulite: Tectono-metamorphic insights into the Permian-Triassic orogeny on the eastern margin of the Korean Peninsula. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, in press.
- Pizzo, S., 2020, Gold hydrogen. Hydrogen Fuel News. Available at/ture, South Australia. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99(E6), 13167-13179.
- Prinzhofer, A., Cisse, S.S.T. and Diallo, A.B., 2018, Discovery of a large accumulation of natural hydrogen in Bourakebougou (Mali). International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 43, 19315-19326. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.08.193
- Prinzhofer, A. and Deville, E., 2015, L'hydrogene naturel, la prochaine revolution energetique? Belin, Paris.
- Prinzhofer, A., Moretti, I., Francolin, J., Pacheco, C., D'Agostino, A., Werly, J. and Rupin, F., 2019, Natural hydrogen continuous emission from sedimentary basins: The example of a Brazilian H2-emitting structure. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 44, 5676-5685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.01.119
- Ree, J.-H., Kwon, S.-H., Park, Y., Kwon, S.-T. and Park, S.- H., 2001, Petrotectonic and posttectonic emplacements of the granitoids in the south central Okchon belt, South Korea: implications for the timing of strikeslip shearing and thrusting. Tectonics, 20, 850-867. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000TC001267
- Rumyantsev, V.N., 2016, Hydrogen in the Earth's outer core, and its role in the deep Earth geodynamics. Geodynamics and Tectonophysics, 7, 119-135. doi:10.5800/GT2016-7-1-0200
- Runte, J., 2015, Merchant hydrogen: industrial gas and energy markets. In: BCC Market Research #CHM042C, Wellesley, MA.
- Sato, M., Sutton, A.J. and McGee, K.A., 1984, Anomalous hydrogen emissions from the San Andreas fault observed at the Cienega Winery, central California. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 122, 376-391. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00874606
- Seo, J., Choi, S-G., Kim, D.W., Park, J.W. and Oh, C.W., 2015, A new genetic model for the Triassic Yangyang iron-oxide-apatite deposit, South Korea: Constraints from in situ U-Pb and trace element analyses of accessory minerals. Ore Geology Reviews, 70, 110-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.04.009
- Sherwood Lollar, B., Onstott, T., Lacrampe-Couloume, G. and Ballentine, C.J., 2014, The contribution of the Precambrian continental lithosphere to global H2 production. Nature, 516, 379-382. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14017
- Shock, E., Bockisch, C., Estrada, C., Fecteau, K., Gould, I. R., Hartnett, H., Johnson, K., Robinson, K., Shipp, J. and Williams, L., 2019, Earth as organic chemist. In 'Deep Carbon: Past to Present.' (Eds B. Orcutt, I. Daniel, and R. Dasgupta) pp. 415-445. (Cambridge University Press; Cambridge, UK.) doi:10.1017/9781108677950
- Sleep, N.H. and Zoback, M.D., 2007, Hypothesis paper. Did earthquakes keep the early crust habitable? Astrobiology, 7, 1023-1032. doi:10.1089/ast.2006.0091
- Smith, N.J.P., Shephard, T.J., Styles, M.T. and Williams, G.M., 2005, Hydrogen exploration: a review of global hydrogen accumulations and implications for prospective areas in NW Europe. In 'Petroleum Geology: North-West Europe and Global Perspectives-Proceedings of the 6th Petroleum Geology Conference, Geological Society, London.' (Eds A.G. Dore and B.A. Vining). Petroleum Geology Conference Series 6, 349-358. doi:10.1144/0060349
- Song, J-H., Kim, S. and Rhie, J., 2020, Heterogeneousmodification and reactivation of a cratonmargin beneath the Korean Peninsula from teleseismic travel time tomography. Gondwana Research, 81, 475-489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2019.11.016
- Stevens, T.O. and McKinley, J.P., 2000, Abiotic controls on H2 production from basalt-water reactions and implications for aquifer biogeochemistry. Environmental Science & Technology, 34, 826-831. https://doi.org/10.1021/es990583g
- Sugisaki, R., Ido, M., Takeda, H., Isobe, Y., Hayashi, Y., Nakamura, N., Satake, H. and Mizutani, Y., 1983, Origin of hydrogen and carbon dioxide in fault gases and its relation to fault activity. The Journal of Geology, 91, 239-258. doi:10.1086/628769
- Telling, J., Boyd, E.S., Bone, N., Jones, E.L., Tranter, M. and MacFarlane, J.W., 2015, Rock comminution as a source of hydrogen for subglacial ecosystems. Nature Geoscience, 8, 851-855. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2533
- Truche, L., McCollom, T.M. and Martinez, I., 2020, Hydrogen and abiotic hydrocarbons: molecules that change the world. Elements. 16, 13-18. doi:10.2138/gselements.16.1.13
- Vacquand, C., 2011, Genese et mobilite de l'hydrogene dans les roches sedimentaires: source d'energie naturelle ou vecteur energetique stockable? IFP Energies nouvelles and Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris.
- Vacquand, C., Deville, E., Beaumont, V., Guyot, F., Sissmann, O., and Pillot, D., 2018, Reduced gas seepages in ophiolitic complexes: evidences for multiple origins of the H2-CH4-N2 gas mixtures. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 223, 437-461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2017.12.018.
- Voitov, G.I. and Rudakov, V.P., 2000, Hydrogen in the air of subsoil deposits: its monitoring and application potential. Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth, 36, 511-518.
- Walshe, J.L., 2006, Degassing of hydrogen from the Earth's core and related phenomena of system Earth. Goldschmidt Conf. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 70(18)Supplementary, A684 2006 Goldschmidt Conference Abstract. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1490
- Walshe, J.L., Hobbs, B., Ord, A., Regenauer-Lieb, K. and Barnicoat, A., 2005, .Mineral systems, hydridic fluids, the Earth's core, mass extinction events and related phenomena. In 'Mineral Deposit Research:Meeting the Global Challenge.' (Eds J. Mao and F.P. Bierlein) pp. 65-68. (Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg.) doi:10.1007/3-540-27946-6_17
- Ware, R.H., Roecken, C. and Wyss, M., 1985, The detection and interpretation of hydrogen in fault gases. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 122, 392-402. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00874607. PAGEOPH.
- Warr, O., Giunta, T., Ballentine, C. and Sherwood Lollar, B., 2019, Mechanisms and rates of 4He, 40Ar, and H2 production and accumulation in fracture fluids in Precambrian Shield environments. Chemical Geology, 530, 119322. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.119322
- Whattam, S.A., Cho, M. and Smith, I.E.M., 2011, Magmatic peridotites and pyroxenites, Andong Ultramafic Complex, Korea: Geochemical evidence for supra-subduction zone formation and extensive melt-rock interaction. Lithos, 127, 599-618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2011.06.013
- Wiersberg, T. and Erzinger, J., 2008, Origin and spatial distribution of gas at seismogenic depths of the San Andreas Fault from drill-mud gas analysis. Applied Geochemistry, 23, 1675-1690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.01.012.
- Wood, M., 2021, The rise of the hydrogen economy. Avaliable at https://www.woodmac.com/nslp/hydrogen-guide/[Verified 8 January 2021]
- Zgonnik, V., 2020, The occurrence and geoscience of natural hydrogen: a comprehensive review. Earth-Science Reviews 203, 103140. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103140
- Zgonnik, V., Beaumont, V., Deville, E., Larin, N., Pillot, D. and Farrell, K.M., 2015, Evidence for natural molecular hydrogen seepage associated with Carolina bays (surficial, ovoid depressions on the Atlantic Coastal Plain, Province of the USA). Progress in Earth and Planetary Science, 2:31. doi:10.1186/s40645-015-0062-5
- Фридман, А., 1970. Природные газы ру…дных месторождений. Недра, Москва.