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Development of Sub-indicator for Enhancing the Reliability of National-level Resource Productivity Estimation

국가 단위 자원생산성 측정 신뢰성 제고를 위한 보조지표 개발

  • Lee, Jong-Hyo (Program in Circular Economy Environmental System, Inha University) ;
  • Kang, Hong-Yoon (Program in Circular Economy Environmental System, Inha University) ;
  • Hwang, Yong-Woo (Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University) ;
  • Kwon, Soon-Gil (Program in Circular Economy Environmental System, Inha University)
  • 이종효 (인하대학교 순환경제환경시스템전공) ;
  • 강홍윤 (인하대학교 순환경제환경시스템전공) ;
  • 황용우 (인하대학교 환경공학과) ;
  • 권순길 (인하대학교 순환경제환경시스템전공)
  • Received : 2022.06.24
  • Accepted : 2022.08.05
  • Published : 2022.09.30

Abstract

Resource productivity (GDP/DMC) is defined as GDP divided by DMC. However, it has shortcomings when estimating the value-added generated from material processing. In this paper, an energy coefficient is applied to GDP to develop a sub-indicator (referred to as GDPe/DMC). Consequently, South Korea, which is a secondary industry-oriented country, created 1,094.60 USD/ton from input materials and was ranked 4th on the OECD list, which is 10 levels higher than the level estimated by GDP/DMC. However, Luxembourg, which is a tertiary industry-oriented country, is ranked 16th on the OECD list, which is 12 levels lower than the level estimated by GDP/DMC. The resource productivity estimated by the sub-indicator (GDPe/DMC) developed in this study indicates that secondary industry-oriented countries are undervalued in the existing main GDP/DMC calculation. On the other hand, tertiary industry-oriented countries are downgraded due to the industrial features of the GDPe/DMC calculation. As a result of this paper, GDPe/DMC could be considered a more reasonable indicator to directly reflect the material input effect compared to the existing main indicator, GDP/DMC. This means that GDPe/DMC-induced resource productivities could be estimated to be slightly higher than the GDP/DMC-induced resource productivities for secondary industry-oriented countries. It is expected that the sub-indicator, GDPe/DMC, proposed in this study could be useful especially for comparing and analyzing the resource productivities between countries that have different industry structures. This study intended to consider a structurally energy/resource-intensive industry in estimating and analyzing national-level resource productivity. Thus, the sub-indicator, GDPe/DMC, may help minimize the distortion of interpreting national resource productivities in various situations, and be utilized as a more efficient tool when used together with GDP/DMC.

국가 단위의 자원생산성은 GDP/DMC로 측정한다. 그러나 GDP의 경우 지표 특성상 자원으로부터 발생된 부가가치만을 구분하기 어렵다는 한계가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 자원생산성 지표(이하 GDP/DMC) 수식 중 GDP에 에너지 조정계수를 적용(이하 GDPe) 하였다. GDPe 적용 결과, 제조업 비중이 높은 우리나라는 자원사용량 1톤당 평균 1,094.60 USD/ton의 가치를 창출하였으며 OECD 38개 국가 중 4위로 기존 GDP/DMC 대비 10계단 상승하였다. 반면 3차 산업이 전체 GDP의 70%를 차지하는 룩셈부르크는 GDPe 적용 후 자원생산성 순위가 12계단 하락하였다. GDPe/DMC는 산업구조별 에너지 사용량을 고려해 자원에 국한하여 부가가치를 측정하므로 제조업 비중이 높은 국가의 경우 산업특성이 반영되어 자원생산성이 기존보다 상대적으로 높게 나타날 수 있다. GDPe/DMC는 산업구조가 확연히 다른 국가들(에너지/자원집약도가 높은 산업 중심의 국가와 그렇지 않은 국가) 간의 자원생산성 비교 분석을 통한 개선안 도출에 매우 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 뿐만 아니라 산업구조가 유사한 국가들 간에 자원생산성 비교, 분석을 위해서도 참고지표로써 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 2021년도 정부(산업통상자원부)의 재원으로 한국에너지기술평가원의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임(P20214000000520, 2021년 에너지산업고도화인력양성사업).

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