DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Impact of Teamwork on Employee Engagement in Primary and Secondary schools: The Nigerian Experience

  • SHODEINDE, Adekunle Daniel (Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Jos) ;
  • KUSA, Nanfa Danjuma (Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Jos) ;
  • ODUMU, Ato Victor (Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Jos) ;
  • IJEPE, Eleojo Anna (Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Jos)
  • Received : 2022.02.23
  • Accepted : 2022.06.18
  • Published : 2022.09.30

Abstract

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of Teamwork on Engagement among employees of private primary and secondary schools in Plateau State, Nigeria using the dimensions of Teamwork, which are Communication, Leadership, Team Structure, Situation Monitoring, and Mutual Support on Employee Engagement. Research design, data, and methodology - To analyze the relationship among the variables, the study adopted the descriptive and explanatory research design, and a cross-sectional survey method using a survey questionnaire containing 29 items, with a 5-point Likert scale. The samples of 274 employees (both academic and non-academic) were selected using a simple random probability sampling technique. Multiple Regression was used to analyze data with the aid of the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS version 23.0). Result - This shows that Communication, Leadership, and Situation Monitoring have a positive and significant relationship on Employee Engagement, while Team Structure and Mutual Support show a negative direction but still maintained a significant relationship. Conclusion - The management of private primary and secondary schools should pay attention to Communication, Leadership, Team Structure, Situation Monitoring, and Mutual Support among their employees to promote Employee Engagement in the workplace. It also recommends that future studies should be carried out in other sectors.

Keywords

References

  1. Abdullah, R. B., Zain, R. A., Musa, M., Khalid, K., Tajuddin, M. T. H. M., Armia, R., Samsudin, M. M., & Nair, G. K. S. (2012). The effects of teamwork towards jobs satisfaction in hotel industry in Klang Valley, Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Behavioral Sciences, 2(3), 8-19.
  2. Adair, J. (1988). The action-centered leader. London: Pearson Educational Inc.
  3. Adeleke, A. A. (2008). Appraising team management as a strategy to motivate change and business performance. Study of Tower Aluminum (Nig) Plc. Nigeria: BSc dissertation, University of Ado-Ekiti.
  4. Agarwal,S & Garg,A(2012). The Importance of Communication within Organizations: A Research on Two Hotels in Uttarakhand. Journal of Business and Management, 3(2), 40-49.
  5. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2012). Situation Monitoring. Instructor's Slides. Retrieved from https://www.ahrq.gov/teamstepps/longtermcare/module4/igltcsitmonitor.html
  6. Aiello, J. R., & Douthitt, E. A. (2001). Social facilitation from Triplett to electronic performance monitoring. Group Dynamics Theory Research and Practice, 5(3), 163-180. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2699.5.3.163
  7. Al Salman, W.& Hassan, Z. (2016). Impact of effective teamwork on employee performance. International Journal of Accounting & Business Management, 4(1), 1-12.
  8. Amah, O. E., & Sese, E. (2018). Relational energy & employee engagement: role of employee voice & organizational support. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 53(3), 475-487.
  9. Anand, P. (2011). Case study on employee engagement and performance appraisal: ITC Maurya. Review of Management, 1(2), 1-6.
  10. Ashford, S. J. (1988). Individual strategies for coping with stress during organizational transitions. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 24(1),19-36. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886388241005
  11. Baig, A. (2010). Human resource management practices in Reliance industries Ltd. Aligarh, India: Doctoral dissertation, Aligarh Muslim University.
  12. Baker, P.B., Krokos, K.J. & Amodeo, A.M. (2008). American Institute for Research. Washington, DC 20007.
  13. Bakkar, A. B. & Scheufeli, W. B. (2008). Positive organizational behavior: Engaged employee in flourishing organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29(2),147-154. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.515
  14. Barak, M., Maymon, T. & Harel, G. (1999). Teamwork in Modern Organizations: Implications for Technology Education. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 9(1), 85-101. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008849803984
  15. Baran, M. & Sypniewska, B. (2020). The Impact of Management Methods on Employee Engagement. Sustainability, 12(1), 426-439 https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010426
  16. Boine, K. (2021). Organizational Effectiveness of Korean Information and Communication Industry Employees: Focus on Organization Culture, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intention. Fourth Industrial Review, 1(1), 11-22. https://doi.org/10.20498/FIR.2021.1.1.11
  17. Chandhok, A. & Bhavet. (2014). Engagement and commitment: A study conducted in Delhi and NCR with special reference to telecom industry. International Journal of Research in Commerce, IT & Management, 4(07), 5-10.
  18. Chay, Y. W. (1993). Social support, individual differences and well-being: a study of small business entrepreneurs and employees. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 66(4), 285-302. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1993.tb00540.x
  19. Cohen, S.G.& Bailey, D.E. (1999). What makes teams work: group effectiveness research from the shop floor to the executive suite? Journal of Management, 23(3), 239-90. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639702300303
  20. Cropanzano, R. & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874-900. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305279602
  21. Datche, A. E.& Mukulu, E. (2015). The effects of transformational leadership on employee engagement: A survey of civil service in Kenya. Issues in Business Management and Economics, 3(1), 9-16.
  22. Dianna (2006). Teams: Teamwork and Teambuilding. NY: Prentice Hall.
  23. Don, Y. & Raman, A. (2019). School management and leadership: teamwork in schools. Multidisciplinary Journal of Instruction, 1(2), 14-36.
  24. Fapounda, T.M. (2013). Towards effective team building in the workplace. International Journal of Education and Research, 1(4), 1-12.
  25. Garson, D. (2016). Partial least squares: regression & structural equation models. USA: Statistical Associates Publishing.
  26. Gatenby, M. (2008). Teamworking: history, development and function. US: Doctoral dissertation, Cardiff University.
  27. Geen, R. G. (1991). Social motivation. Annual Review of Psychology, 42(1), 377-399. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.42.020191.002113
  28. Ghorbanhosseini, M. (2013). The effect of organizational culture, teamwork and organizational development on organizational commitment: the mediating role of human capital. Tehnickivjesnik, 20(6), 1019-1025.
  29. Graen, G. B. & Scandura, T. A. (1987). Toward a psychology of dyadic organizing. Research in Organizational Behavior, 9, 175-208.
  30. Griffin, M. A., Patterson, M. G. & West, M. A. (2001). Job satisfaction and teamwork: the role of supervisor support. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22(5), 537-550. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.101
  31. Guzzo, R. A. & Dickson, M. W. (1996). Teams in Organizations. Annual Review of Psychology, 47(1), 307-338. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.47.1.307
  32. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2016). Multivariate data analysis. 8th edition. Pearson.
  33. Hobfoll, S. E. (1988). The ecology of stress. NY: Hemisphere.
  34. Hon, A. H. Y.& Lu, L. (2010). The mediating roles of trust between expatriate procedural justice and employee outcomes in the Chinese hotel industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(4), 669-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2010.01.002
  35. House, J. S. (1981). Work stress and social support. MA: Addison-Wesley.
  36. Iverson, R. D. (1996). Employee acceptance of organizational change: the role of organizational commitment. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 7(1), 122-149. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585199600000121
  37. Jalaja, V. & Padashetty, S. (2018). Employee Experience in Building Employee Engagement: An Employee Perspective. International Journal of Research in Economics and Social Sciences, 8(3), 17-28.
  38. Jena, L. K.& Pradhan, S. (2017). Research and recommendations for employee engagement: Revisiting the employee-organization linkage, development and learning in organizations. An International Journal, 31(5), 17-19.
  39. Jones, E., Watson, B., Gardner, J. & Gallois, C. (2004). Organizational communication: challenges for the new century. Journal of Communication, 54(4), 722-750. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2004.tb02652.x
  40. Kang, M. & Sung, M. (2017). How symmetrical employee communication leads to employee engagement and positive employee communication behaviors: The mediation of employee-organization relationships. Journal of Communication Management, 21(1), 82-102. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCOM-04-2016-0026
  41. Karanges, E. R. (2014). Optimizing employee engagement with internal communication: a social exchange perspective. Australia: Masters dissertation, Queensland University of Technology.
  42. Katzenbach, J. R. & Smith D. K. (1993). The wisdom of teams: Creating the high-performance organization. NY: Harper Business.
  43. Keebler, J. R., Dietz, A. S., Lazzara, E. H., Benishek, L. E., Almeida, S. A., Toor, P. A., King, H. B. & Salas, E. (2014). Validation of a teamwork perceptions measure to increase patient safety. BMJ Quality and Safety. 23(9), 718-726. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2013-001942
  44. Krejcie, R.V. & Morgan, D.W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308
  45. Kruse, K. (2012). Employee engagement: How to motivate your team for high performance. Richboro, PA: The Kruse Group.
  46. Kyzlinkova, R., Dokulilova, L., & Kroupa, A. (2007). Teamwork and high-performance work organisation. Dublin, European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions.
  47. Lawler, E.E., Mohrman, S.A. & Ledford, G.E. (1992). Employee Involvement and Total Quality Management. Jossey-Bass: San Francisco.
  48. Mehra, A., Smith, B., Dixon, A. & Robertson, B. (2006). Distributed Leadership in Teams: The Network of Leadership Perceptions and Team Performance. Leadership Quarterly, 17(3), 232-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2006.02.003
  49. Meyer, J. D. & Allen, N. J. (2006). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management, 1(1), 61-89.
  50. Musriha, H. (2013). Influence of teamwork, environment on job satisfaction and job performance of the Cigarette Rollers at Clove Cigarette factories in East Java, Indonesia. Developing Country Studies, 3(2), 32-40.
  51. Papalexandris, N & Galanaki, E (2009). Leadership's impact on employee engagement. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 30(4), 365-385. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730910961685
  52. Parker, S.K. & Wall, T.D. (1998). Job and Work Design: Organizing Work to Promote Well-Being and Effectiveness. London: Sage.
  53. Robbins, S.P. & Judge, T.A. (2007). Organizational behavior. Twelfth edition, New Jersey Pearson Educational Inc.
  54. Saks, A. M. (2016). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(6), 600-619. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940610690169
  55. Salanova, M., Agut, S., & Peiro, J. M. (2005). Linking organizational resources and work engagement to employee performance and customer loyalty: The mediation of service climate. Journal of applied psychology, 90(6), 1217-1227. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.6.1217
  56. Samson, K. K. & Lee, Y. (2021). A study of innovation and internationalization strategies by a hidden champion firm in Korea: the case of CAP corporation. Fourth Industrial Review, 1(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.20498/FIR.2021.1.1.1
  57. Sanyal, S., & Hisam, M. W. (2018). The impact of teamwork on work performance of employees: a study of faculty members in Dhofar university. Journal of Business and Management, 20(3),15-22.
  58. Shuck, B & Herd, A (2012). Employee Engagement and Leadership: Exploring the Convergence of Two Frameworks and Implications for Leadership Development in HRD. Human Resource Development Review, 11(2), 156-181. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484312438211
  59. Stankeviciute, Z. & Savaneviciene, A. (2018). Designing sustainable HRM: The core characteristics of emerging field. Sustainability, 10(12), 4798. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124798.
  60. Stogdill, R.M. & Coons, A.E. (1957). Leader Behavior: its Description and Measurement. Ohio: Bureau of Business Research, 88, 1-27.
  61. Susana, L., Schaufeli, W., Bakker, A., & Salanova, M. (2007). Does a positive gain spiral of resources, efficacy beliefs and engagement exist? Computers in human behavior, 23(1), 825-841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2004.11.012
  62. Takuya, H. (2009). Different types of team structures - organizational structures that meet specific objectives. Retrieved from https://ezinearticles.com/?Different-Types-of-Team-Structures---Organizational-Structures-That-Meet-Specific-Objectives&id=5228749.
  63. Tomislay, H., Dejana, P. & Maja, K. (2019). Organizational career management practices: The role of the relationship between HRM and trade unions. Employee Relations, 41(1), 84-100. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-02-2018-0035
  64. van Yperen, N. W. & Hagedoorn, M. (2003). Do high job demands increase intrinsic motivation or fatigue or both? The role of job control and Job social support. Academy of Management Journal, 46(3),339-348. https://doi.org/10.2307/30040627
  65. van Yperen, N. W. & Snijders, T. A. B. (2000). A multilevel analysis of the demands-control model: is stress at work determined by factors at the group level or the individual level? Journal of occupational health psychology, 5(1), 182-190. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.5.1.182
  66. Vokic, N.P. & Hernaus, T. (2015, September 24-25). The triad of job satisfaction, work engagement and employee loyalty -The interplay among the concepts. EFZG Working Papers Series 1507, 1-13.
  67. William, D. R, Swee-Lim, C.& Cesar M. (2005). Job insecurity spill over to key account management: negative effects on performance, effectiveness, adaptiveness, and Esprit De Corps. Journal of Business and Psychology, 19(4), 483-503. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-005-4521-7
  68. Wilmar, B. S., & Amold, B. B. (2006). The measurement of work engagement with ashort questionnaire: a cross-national study. Educational and psychological measurement, 66(4), 701-716. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164405282471
  69. Yang, Y. (2005). The model of improving employee engagement. China human resource management development, 55(6), 100-103.
  70. Yoon, J. & Thye, S. (2000). Supervisor support in the work place: Legitimacy and Positive Affectivity. The Journal of Social Psychology, 140(3),295-316. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224540009600472
  71. Zajonc, R. B. (1965). Social facilitation: a solution is suggested for an old unresolved social psychological problem. Science, 149(3681), 269-274. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.149.3681.269
  72. Zincirkiran, M., Emhan, A. & Yasar, M. F. (2015). Analysis of teamwork, organizational commitment and organizational performance: a Study of health sector in Turkey. Asian Journal of Business and Management, 3(2), 173-182.