Acknowledgement
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT) (No. NRF-2022R1G1A1008377).
References
- Lee HS, Han MS. The Study on Musculoskeletal Symptoms and it's Related Factors in Radio-Technologists. Journal of Radiological Science and Technology. 2008;31(3):239-47.
- Craig M. Sonography: An occupational health hazard? Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography. 1985;1(3):121-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/875647938500100309
- Rousseau T, Mottet N, Mace G, Franceschini C, Sagot P. Practice guidelines for prevention of musculoskeletal disorders in obstetric sonography. Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine. Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. 2013;32(1):157-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7863/jum.2013.32.1.157
- Muir M, Hrynkow P, Chase R, Boyce D, Mclean D. The nature, cause, and extent of occupational musculoskeletal injuries among sonographers: Recommendations for Treatment and Prevention. Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography. 2004;20(5):317-25. https://doi.org/10.1177/8756479304266737
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration [cited 2017 Feb. 24]. Available from: https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/hospital/sonography/sonography.html
- Vanderpool HE, Friis EA, Smith BS, Harms KL. Prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome and other work related musculoskeletal problems in cardiac sonographers. Journal of Occupational Medicine. 1993;35(6):604-10. https://doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199306000-00018
- Craig M. In search of perfection: Equipment pros and cons. Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography. 1993;9(5):261-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/875647939300900509
- Craig M. Sonographer abuse. Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography. 2001;17(2):113-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/87564790122250147
- Wong KY, Lau MW, Man HL, Chan CH, Mak SH, Cheuk FN, Michael TC, et al. Study on the effects of arm abduction angle and cushion support during sonographic examination on the stiffness of supraspinatus muscle of sonographers using shear wave elastography. Journal of Occupational Health. 2021;63(1):e12306. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/1348-9585.12306
- Gregory V. Musculoskeletal Injuries: An Occupational Health and Safety Issue in Sonography. Educational Supplement; 1998.
- Habes DJ, Baron S. Health Hazard Evaluation Report No. 99-0093. University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Piscata way, New Jersey; 1999.
- Murphy C, Russo AB: An Update on Ergonomic Issues in Sonography: Report. Healthcare Benefit Trust, Employee Health and Safety Services; 2000.
- Mercer RB, Marcella CP, Carney DK, McDonald RW. Occupational Health Hazards to the Ultra-sonographer and Their Possible Prevention. Journal of American Society of Echocardiography. 1997;10(4):363-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0894-7317(97)70074-9
- KOSHA. Guidelines and method of writing hazardous factors investigation for musculoskeletal burden work. KOSHA GUIDE H-9-2018. https://kosha.or.kr.
- Coffin CT. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in sonographers: A review of causes and types of injury and best practices for reducing injury risk. Reports in Medical Imaging. 2014;7(10):15-26. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMI.S34724
- Pike I, Russo A, Berkowitz J. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among diagnostic medical sonographers. Occupational Health and Industrial Medicine. 1997;37(6):289-90.
- Necas M. Musculoskeletal symptomatology and repetitive strain injuries in diagnostic medical sonographers. Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography. 1996;12(6):266-73. https://doi.org/10.1177/875647939601200604
- 1Evans K, Roll S, Baker J. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among registered diagnostic medical sonographers and vascular technologists: A representative sample. Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography. 2009;25(6):287-99. https://doi.org/10.1177/8756479309351748
- Russo A, Murphy C, Lessoway V, Berkowitz J. The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among British Columbia sonographers. Applied Ergonomics. 2002;33(5):385-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-6870(02)00038-8
- Magnavita N, Bevilacqua L, Mirk P, Fileni A, Castellino N. Work-related musculoskeletal complaints in sonologists. Journal of Occupational Environmental Medicine. 1999 Nov;41(11):981-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199911000-00010
- Schoenfeld A, Goverman J, Weiss DM, Meizner I. Transducer user syndrome: An occupational hazard of the ultrasonographer. European Journal of Ultrasound. 1999;10(1):41-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0929-8266(99)00031-2
- Hackmon R, Sheiner E, Barnhard Y, Beer R, Meizner I. The hazards to practitioners of obstetric and gynecological ultrasound. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2006;28(2):204-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.2800
- Smith AC, Wolf JG, Xie GY, Smith MD. Musculoskeletal pain in cardiac ultrasonographers: Results of a random survey. Journal of American Society of Echocardiography. 1997;10(4):357-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0894-7317(97)70073-7
- Zhang D, Huang H. Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among sonographers in China: Results from a national web-based survey. Journal of Occupational Health. 2017;59(6):529-41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.17-0057-OA
- Janga D, Akinfenwa O. Work-related repetitive strain injuries amongst practitioners of obstetric and gynaecological ultrasound worldwide. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2012;286(2):353-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-012-2306-6
- Craig M. Occupational hazards of sonography: An update. Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography. 1990;6(1):47-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/875647939000600110
- Orme NM, Geske JB, Pislaru SV, Askew JW, Lennon RJ, Lewis BR, et al. Occupational musculoskeletal pain in cardiac sonographers compared to peer employees: A multisite cross-sectional study. Echocardiography. 2016;33(11):1642-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/echo.13344