Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회지)

Korean Society of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회)
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Changes in the microorganisms and quality characteristics of sauerkraut by salt concentration based on the storage period

저장기간에 따른 소금 농도별 sauerkraut의 미생물 및 품질 특성 변화

  • Ji, Hye-In (Department of Food and nutrition, Duksung Women's university) ;
  • Kim, Da-Mee (Department of Food and nutrition, Duksung Women's university)
  • 지혜인 (덕성여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김다미 (덕성여자대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2022.05.27
  • Accepted : 2022.06.24
  • Published : 2022.08.31
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Abstract

This study investigated the optimal quality characteristics of sauerkraut made by adding 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5% (w/w) sea salt to cabbage according to the storage period. The results showed that the pH and salinity of 0.5-2.5% sauerkraut decreased, while its total acidity increased during storage. After 20 d of storage, 1.5% or less sauerkraut showed low yellowness, but high brightness and hardness. Moreover, the lactic acid bacteria in 0.5-2.5% sauerkraut maintained at least 7.06 log CFU/mL until 28 d of storage, suggesting that the lower the salt concentration, the higher were the amount of lactic acid bacteria. The coliform group was not detected after 4 d of storage. In conclusion, the quality characteristics of sauerkraut with a salt concentration of 1.5% or less were excellent until 20 d of storage at 4℃. This study provides valuable data for the safe and high-quality assessment of low-salt sauerkraut in the future.

본 연구에서는 국내산 양배추에 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0와 2.5% (w/w)의 천일염을 첨가하여 제조한 sauerkraut의 발효기간(0-7 days)에 따른 품질특성을 연구한 선행연구(Ji와 Kim, 2022) 결과, 가장 적숙기인 발효 4일째의 sauerkraut를 4℃ incubator에 저장하여 소금 농도 및 저장기간(0-28 days)에 따른 품질특성과 미생물 군집을 조사하였다. 연구 결과, 저장기간 동안 0.5-2.5% sauerkraut의 pH 및 염도는 감소하고 총 산도는 증가하는 경향을 보이며 적숙기 범위를 유지하였다(p<0.001). 0.5-2.5%의 sauerkraut 색도 측정 결과, 명도를 나타내는 L값은 저장 20일 이후 유의적으로 감소하였고(p<0.001), 황색도를 나타내는 b값이 저장 20일 이후 유의적으로 증가하여(p<0.001) 외관의 상태가 저장 20일까지 유지되었음을 알 수 있다. 0.5-2.5%의 sauerkraut 경도는 색도와 마찬가지로 저장 20일 이후 유의적으로 감소하여(p<0.001) 식감이 저장 20일 이후 크게 감소하였음을 알 수 있다. 저장 20일 이후의 소금 농도에 따른 색도 및 경도의 차이를 보았을 때, 1.5% 이하 sauerkraut가 낮은 황색도와 높은 명도 및 경도를 보여 외관 및 조직감의 선호도가 높을 것으로 예상한다. 0.5-2.5%의 sauerkraut의 유산균은 저장 24일 이후 유의적으로 감소하였으나(p<0.001), 저장 28일까지 7.06 log CFU/mL 이상을 유지하고 있었다. 또한 소금 농도가 낮을수록 유산균이 높게 유지되었다. 효모는 저장 0일부터 28일까지 유산균과 비슷한 경향으로 감소하였음을 알 수 있다. 대장균군은 0.5-2.5%의 sauerkaut가 저장 0일에 각각 0.17, 0.13, 0.08, 0.08, 0.04 log CFU/mL로 측정되어 검출되었지만 저장 4일 이후 검출되지 않아 본 연구의 sauerkraut는 저장기간 동안 안전성이 높다고 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구의 이화학적 품질 특성과 미생물 군집 결과, 4℃에서 저장한 sauerkraut가 저장 20일까지 품질특성이 우수하였으므로 sauerkraut 발효 후 저장 20일까지 냉장 보관하는 것이 가장 적절하다고 판단된다. 또한 외관의 품질, 식감과 유산균을 고려할 때, 소금 농도 1.5% 이하의 sauerkraut가 더 우수한 저장 능력을 보여주었음을 알 수 있다. 이상의 결과로 안전하고 우수한 품질의 저염 sauerkraut 제조 및 연구의 기초자료를 제공하는데 의미가 있을 것으로 사료된다. 그러나 향후 sauerkraut의 저장성 향상을 위한 바이오제닉아민 함량 분석과 관능적 특성을 향상시키기 위한 추가적인 연구도 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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