참고문헌
- O'Grady NP, Murray PR, Ames N. Preventing ventilator-as-sociated pneumonia: does the evidence support the practice. JAMA 2012;307:2534-9.
- Cook A, Norwood S, Berne J. Ventilator-associated pneumonia is more common and of less consequence in trauma patients compared with other critically ill patients. J Trauma 2010;69:1083-91.
- Torres A, Ewig S, Lode H, Carlet J; European HAP working group. Defining, treating and preventing hospital acquired pneumonia: European perspective. Intensive Care Med 2009;35:9-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-008-1336-9
- Magill SS, Klompas M, Balk R, et al. Developing a new, national approach to surveillance for ventilator-associated events. Am J Crit Care 2013;22:469-73. https://doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2013893
- Magill SS, Fridkin SK. Improving surveillance definitions for ventilator-associated pneumonia in an era of public reporting and performance measurement. Clin Infect Dis 2012;54:378-80. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cir833
- Horan TC, Andrus M, Dudeck MA. CDC/NHSN surveil-lance definition of health care-associated infection and crite- ria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting. Am J Infect Control 2008;36:309-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2008.03.002
- Klompas M, Platt R. Ventilator-associated pneumonia: the wrong quality measure for benchmarking. Ann Intern Med 2007;147:803-5. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-147-11-200712040-00013
- Klompas M. Ventilator-associated events: what they are and what they are not. Respir Care 2019;64:953-61. https://doi.org/10.4187/respcare.07059
- Diaz E, Rodriguez AH, Rello J. Ventilator-associated pneumonia: issues related to the artificial airway. Respir Care 2005;50:900-6.
- Hunter JD. Ventilator associated pneumonia. BMJ 2012;344: e3325.
- Esteban A, Anzueto A, Frutos F, et al. Characteristics and out-comes in adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation: a 28-day international study. JAMA 2002;287:345-55. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.287.3.345
- Rouze A, Martin-Loeches I, Nseir S. Airway devices in ventilator- associated pneumonia pathogenesis and prevention. Clin Chest Med 2018;39:775-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccm.2018.08.001
- Spalding MC, Cripps MW, Minshall CT. Ventilator-associated pneumonia: new definitions. Crit Care Clin 2017;33:277-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccc.2016.12.009
- Griffin GD. The injured brain: TBI, mTBI, the immune system, and infection: connecting the dots. Mil Med 2011;176: 364-8. https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-10-00021
- Li Y, Liu C, Xiao W, Song T, Wang S. Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of ventilator-associated pneumonia in trau- matic brain injury: a meta-analysis. Neurocrit Care 2020;32: 272-85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-019-00773-w
- Huber S, Biberthaler P, Delhey P, et al. Predictors of poor out-comes after significant chest trauma in multiply injured pa- tients: a retrospective analysis from the German Trauma Registry (Trauma Register DGU®). Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2014;22:52.
- Stewart RM, Corneille MG. Common complications following thoracic trauma: their prevention and treatment. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008;20:69-71. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semtcvs.2008.01.006
- Hofman M, Andruszkow H, Kobbe P, Poeze M, Hildebrand F. Incidence of post-traumatic pneumonia in poly-traumatized patients: identifying the role of traumatic brain injury and chest trauma. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2020;46:11-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00068-019-01179-1
- Vart P, Bettencourt-Silva JH, Metcalf AK, Bowles KM, Potter JF, Myint PK. Low estimated glomerular filtration rate and pneumonia in stroke patients: findings from a prospective stroke registry in the East of England. Clin Epidemiol 2018; 10:887-96. https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S156176
- Girndt M, Sester U, Sester M, Kaul H, Kohler H. Impaired cellular immune function in patients with end-stage renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1999;14:2807-10. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/14.12.2807
- Dalrymple LS, Katz R, Kestenbaum B, et al. The risk of infection-related hospitalization with decreased kidney function. Am J Kidney Dis 2012;59:356-63. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.07.012
- Harrois A, Libert N, Duranteau J. Acute kidney injury in trauma patients. Curr Opin Crit Care 2017;23:447-56. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCC.0000000000000463
- Shorr AF, Sherner JH, Jackson WL, Kollef MH. Invasive approaches to the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a meta-analysis. Crit Care Med 2005;33:46-53. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000149852.32599.31
- Fagon JY, Chastre J, Wolff M, et al. Invasive and noninvasive strategies for management of suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia. A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2000;132: 621-30.
- Qiao Z, Yu J, Yu K, Zhang M. The benefit of daily sputum suction via bronchoscopy in patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with ventilators: a randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018;97:e11631.
- Heffner JE, Hess D. Tracheostomy management in the chronically ventilated patient. Clin Chest Med 2001;22:55-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-5231(05)70025-3