Nuclear Engineering and Technology

Korean Nuclear Society (한국원자력학회)
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The effects of activated cooler power on the transient pressure decay and helium mixing in the PANDA facility

  • Kapulla, R. (Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI)) ;
  • Paranjape, S. (OST, Ostschweizer Fachhochschule Departement Technik) ;
  • Fehlmann, M. (Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI)) ;
  • Suter, S. (Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI)) ;
  • Doll, U. (Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI)) ;
  • Paladino, D. (Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI))
  • Received : 2021.09.28
  • Accepted : 2021.12.25
  • Published : 2022.06.25
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Abstract

The main outcomes of the experiments H2P6 performed in the thermal-hydraulics large-scale PANDA facility at PSI in the frame of the OECD/NEA HYMERES-2 project are presented in this article. The experiments of the H2P6 series consists of two PANDA tests characterized by the activation of three (H2P6_1) or one (H2P6_2) cooler(s) in an initially stratified and pressurized containment atmosphere. The initial stratification is defined by a helium-rich region located in the upper part of the vessel and a steam/air atmosphere in the lower part. The activation of the cooler(s) results i) in the condensation of the steam in the vicinity of the cooler(s), ii) the corresponding activation of large scale natural circulation currents in the vessel atmosphere, with the result of iii) the re-distribution and mixing of the Helium stratification initially located in the upper half of the vessel and iv) the continuous pressure decay. The initial helium layer represents hydrogen generated in a postulated severe accident. The main question to be answered by the experiments is whether or not the interaction of the different, localized cooler units would be important for the application of numerical methods. The paper describes the initial and boundary conditions and the experimental results of the H2P6 series with the suggestion of simple scaling laws for both experiments in terms of i) the temperature difference(s) across the cooler(s), ii) the transient steam and helium content and iii) the pressure decay in the vessel. The outcomes of this scaling indicate that the interaction between separate, closely localized units does not play a prominent role for the present experiments. It is therefore reasonable to model several units as one large component with equivalent heat transfer area and total water flow rate.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The generous support from the PRG and MB of the HYMERES-2 project is gratefully acknowledged. Michele Andreani (PSI) has provided the concept and the preliminary scoping calculations for these experiments with the GOTHIC code. The discussion with Ethan Kirkby (PSI - University of Calgary) has provided valuable aspects to sharpen the arguments. The authors dedicate this article to the memory of Max Fehlmann. Our co-author unexpectedly died the last day of November 2021. Without his precision, his curiosity and engagement while keeping his feet on the ground, this and a wealth of other PANDA experiments would not have been successfully come true during the last 20 years [4,9,15,17,30,34-36]. These experiments required the adaption and the transformation into the physical world of what the scientists eventually want. And Max handled these challenges always in a successful manner. We will miss him as a friend and competent colleague.

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