Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers (한국추진공학회지)

The Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers (한국추진공학회)
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Trend Analysis in Upper Stage Engine Development of Space Launch Vehicles

우주발사체의 상단 엔진 개발 동향 분석

  • Han, Kyunghwan (Department of Aerospace Engineering, Inha University) ;
  • Rho, Tae-Seong (Department of Aerospace Engineering, Inha University) ;
  • Huh, Hwanil (Department of Aerospace Engineering, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Hyoung Jin (Department of Aerospace Engineering, Inha University)
  • Received : 2022.02.07
  • Accepted : 2022.03.10
  • Published : 2022.04.30
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Abstract

Since space exploration began in the 1950s, numerous upper stage engines have been developed and used based on various design concepts. In this paper, information of upper stage engines which developed or developing is analysed and their characteristics and performance are summarized. These days, there are many cases of commercial heavy launch vehicles applying upper stage engines using liquid hydrogen with expander cycle which launched recently. Engines operating by Kerosene seem to be close to its theoretical maximum performance based on past experiences. Meanwhile, engines using methane propellant, which has recently become an issue, are also undergoing many developments because of various advantages. Recently, private companies are actively participating in launch vehicle market, and there are many cases in which the government and companies jointly research of next-generation engine.

1950년대 우주 개발이 시작된 이래로, 다양한 목적에 따라 많은 상단 엔진이 개발되어 운용 중에 있다. 본 논문에서는 과거 개발되었거나 현재 개발 중인 해외 상단 엔진의 정보를 분석하여 그 특징과 성능을 요약하여 제시하였다. 최근 발사된 상업용 대형 발사체의 경우 상단으로는 팽창기 사이클을 적용한 수소 엔진 적용 사례가 많았다. 케로신 엔진은 과거 많은 개발이 이루어졌으며, 이러한 경험을 바탕으로 이론상의 최대 성능에 근접한 것으로 보인다. 한편, 최근 이슈화 되고 있는 메탄 추진제 또한 다양한 장점으로 많은 개발이 진행되는 중이다. 뉴스페이스 시대에 발사체 시장에는 민간 기업이 활발하게 참여하고 있으며, 정부와 기업이 합작하여 차기 엔진을 개발하는 사례도 다수 진행되고 있다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 성과는 2021년도 정부(과학기술정보통신부)의 재원으로 한국연구재단 - 우주기술개발사업의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임(NRF-2021M1A3B8078916).

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