DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Experimental analysis of rocking shallow foundation on cohesive sand

  • Moosavian, S.M. Hadi (School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran) ;
  • Ghalandarzadeh, Abbas (School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran) ;
  • Hosseini, Abdollah (School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran)
  • 투고 : 2021.11.10
  • 심사 : 2022.05.31
  • 발행 : 2022.06.25

초록

One of the most important parameters affecting nonlinearsoil-structure interaction, especially rocking foundation, is the vertical factor of safety (F.Sv). In this research, the effect of F.Sv on the behavior of rocking foundations was experimentally investigated. A set of slow, cyclic, horizontal loading tests was conducted on elastic SDOF structures with different shallow foundations. Vertical bearing capacity tests also were conducted to determine the F.Sv more precisely. Furthermore, 10% silt was mixed with the dry sand at a 5% moisture content to reach the minimum apparent cohesion. The results of the vertical bearing capacity tests showed that the bearing capacity coefficients (Nc and Nγ) were influenced by the scaling effect. The results of horizontal cyclic loading tests showed that the trend of increase in capacity was substantially related to the source of nonlinearity and it varied by changing F.Sv. Stiffness degradation was found to occur in the final cycles of loading. The results indicated that the moment capacity and damping ratio of the system in models with lower F.Sv values depended on soil specifications such cohesiveness or non-cohesiveness and were not just a function of F.Sv.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Altaee, Ameir and Bengt H Fellenius (1994), "Physical modeling in sand", Can. Geotech. J., 31(3), 420-431. https://doi.org/10.1139/t94-049.
  2. Anastasopoulos, I., Gazetas, G., Loli, M., Apostolou, M. and Gerolymos, N. (2010), "Soil failure can be used for seismic protection of structures", B. Earthq. Eng., 8(2), 309-326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-009-9145-2.
  3. Anastasopoulos, I., M., Loli, T Georgarakos and V Drosos (2013), "Shaking table testing of rocking-isolated bridge pier on sand", J. Earthq. Eng., 17(1), 1-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2012.705225.
  4. Bowles, L.E. (1996), "Foundation Analysis and Design", McGraw-hill, New York, U.S.A.
  5. Cerato, A.B. and A.J. Lutenegger (2006),"Bearing capacity of square and circular footings on a finite layer of granular soil underlain by a rigid base", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. 132(11), 1496-1501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2006)132:11(1496).
  6. Cerato, A.B. and A.J. Lutenegger (2007), "Scale effects of shallow foundation bearing capacity on granular material", J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 133(10), 1192-1202. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:10(1192).
  7. Chang, B.J., Raychowdhury, P., Hutchinson, T.C., Thomas, J., Gajan, S. and Kutter, B.L. (2006), "Centrifuge testing of combined frame-wall-foundation structural systems", Proceedings of the 8th US National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A., April. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784412367.145.
  8. Deng, Lijun and Bruce L. Kutter (2012), "Characterization of rocking shallow foundations using centrifuge model tests", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 41(5), 1043-1060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eqe.1181.
  9. Drosos, V., Georgarakos, T., Loli, M., Anastasopoulos, I., Zarzouras, O. and Gazetas, G. (2012) "Soil-foundation-structure interaction with mobilization of bearing capacity: experimental study on sand", J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 138(11), 1369-1386. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000705.
  10. Farahmand, K., A. Lashkari and A. Ghalandarzadeh (2016), "Firoozkuh sand: introduction of a benchmark for geomechanical studies", Iran. J. Sci. Technol., 40(2), 133-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40996-016-0009-0.
  11. American Society of Civil Engineers (2000). "Prestandard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings", Report FEMA-356; Federal emergency management agency, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
  12. Gajan, S., Kutter, B.L., Phalen, J.D., Hutchinson, T.C. and Martin, G.R. (2005), "Centrifuge modeling of load-deformation behavior of rocking shallow foundations", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 25(7-10): 773-783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2004.11.019.
  13. Gajan, S. and Kutter, B.L. (2008) "Capacity, settlement, and energy dissipation of shallow footings subjected to rocking", J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 134(8), 1129-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2008)134:8(1129).
  14. Gajan, S. and Kutter, B.L. (2009a), "Contact interface model for shallow foundations subjected to combined cyclic loading", J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 135(3): 407-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2009)135:3(407).
  15. Gajan, S. and Kutter, B.L. (2009b), "Effects of moment-to-shear ratio on combined cyclic load-displacement behavior of shallow foundations from centrifuge experiments" J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 135(8), 1044-1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000034.
  16. Gajan, S. and Kayser, M. (2019), "Quantification of the influence of subsurface uncertainties on the performance of rocking foundations during seismic loading", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 116, 1-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.09.029.
  17. Guellil, M.E., Harichane, Z., Berkane, H.D. and Sadouk, A. (2017), "Soil and structure uncertainty effects on the soil foundation structure dynamic response", Earthq. Struct., 12(2):153. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/eas.2017.12.2.153.
  18. Hakhamaneshi, M., Kutter, B.L., Deng, L., Hutchinson, T.C. and Liu, W. (2012) "New findings from centrifuge modeling of rocking shallow foundations in clayey ground", GeoCongress 2012: State of the Art and Practice in Geotechnical Engineering, Oakland, California, U.S.A., March.
  19. Hassani, N., Bararnia, M. and Amiri, G.G. (2018), "Effect of soil-structure interaction on inelastic displacement ratios of degrading structures", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 104, 75-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.10.004.
  20. Khazaei, J., Amiri, A. and Khalilpour, M. (2017), "Seismic evaluation of soil-foundation-structure interaction: direct and cone model", Earthq. Struct., 12(2), 251. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2017.12.2.251.
  21. Kokkali, P., Anastasopoulos, I., Abdoun, T. and Gazetas, G. (2014), "Static and cyclic rocking on sand: centrifuge versus reduced-scale 1 g experiments", Geotechnique, 64(11), 865-880. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.14.P.064.
  22. Liu, W., Hutchinson, T.C., Kutter, B.L., Hakhamaneshi, M., Aschheim, M.A. and Kunnath, S.K. (2012), "Demonstration of compatible yielding between soil-foundation and superstructure components", J. Struct. Eng., 139(8), 1408-1420. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000637.
  23. Lutenegger, Alan J. and Michael T. Adams (1998), "Bearing capacity of footings on compacted sand", International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering, Missouri, U.S.A., March.
  24. Mandel, J. and Salencon, J. (1972), "Force portante d'un sol sur une assise rigide (etude theorique)", Geotechnique, 22(1), 79-93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/geot.1972.22.1.79.
  25. Moncarz, Piotr D. and Helmut Krawinkler (1981), "Theory and application of experimental model analysis in earthquake engineering", Report No.50; Stanford University California, California, U.S.A.
  26. Pecker, A. and Chatzigogos, C.T. (2010), "Non linear soil structure interaction: impact on the seismic response of structures", Earthq. Eng. Eur., 79-103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9544-2_4.
  27. Pelekis, I., Madabhushi, G.S. and DeJong, M.J. (2018), "Seismic performance of buildings with structural and foundation rocking in centrifuge testing", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 47(12), 2390-2409. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.3089.
  28. Qin, X., Cheung, W.M. and Chouw, N. (2019), "A new way to design and construct a laminar box for studying structure-foundation-soil interaction", Earthq. Struct., 17(5), 521. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2019.17.5.521.
  29. Wood, D. M. (2014), Geotechnical Modelling, CRC Press, Florida, U.S.A.
  30. Zhang, Y., Chen, X., Zhang, X., Ding, M., Wang, Y. and Liu, Z. (2020), "Nonlinear response of the pile group foundation for lateral loads using pushover analysis", Earthq. Struct., 19(4), 273. https://doi.org/10.12989/EAS.2020.19.4.273