Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety (해양환경안전학회지)

The Korean Society of Marine Environment and safety (해양환경안전학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Evaluating Limiting Nutrients through Long-term Data Analyses and Bioassay Experiments in Cheonsu Bay and Taean Sea

장기자료 분석과 생물검정실험을 이용한 천수만과 태안해역의 제한영양염 평가

  • Kim, Jin Hyun (Marine Research Center, National Park Research Institute, Korea National Park Service) ;
  • Jeong, Won Ok (Marine Research Center, National Park Research Institute, Korea National Park Service) ;
  • Shin, Yongsik (Department of Ocean System Engineering, Mokpo National Maritime University) ;
  • Jeong, Byungkwan (Marine Research Center, National Park Research Institute, Korea National Park Service)
  • 김진현 (국립공원연구원 해양연구센터) ;
  • 정원옥 (국립공원연구원 해양연구센터) ;
  • 신용식 (목포해양대학교 해양시스템공학과) ;
  • 정병관 (국립공원연구원 해양연구센터)
  • Received : 2022.03.30
  • Accepted : 2022.06.27
  • Published : 2022.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Long-term data analyses and bioassay experiments were conducted to assess limiting nutrients in Cheonsu Bay and Taean sea. First, long-term nutrient data (2004-2016) provided by the National Water Quality Monitoring Network were used to assess potential limiting nutrients. Analysis of the long-term data showed that the dissolved inorganic nitrogen/dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIN/DIP) ratio was mostly below 16, with N limitation being dominant. A subsequent analysis using the concentration ratios of N, P, and Si showed that N limitation was dominant during summer and autumn but that Si limitation occasionally occurred during winter and spring in relatively limited areas. However, the dominant limiting nutrient was not determined. The nutrient analysis of the field water collected during the bioassay experiment showed that DIN/DIP revealed P limitation at all stations in March and May, whereas N limitation was dominant in July and October. In the analysis using the concentration ratios of N, P, and Si, P and Si limitation appeared in March and May, but there were points with no dominant limiting nutrient. However, N limitation was dominant in July and October. In the bioassay experiment for assessment of the actual limiting nutrient, the results showed no specific limiting nutrient in March, whereas NH4+ and NO3- showed responses in May, July, and October, which confirmed that N was a substantial limiting nutrient directly involved in phytoplankton growth during this period.

천수만과 태안해역의 제한영양염을 평가하기 위해 장기자료 분석과 생물검정실험을 진행하였다. 우선 잠재적인 제한영양염을 평가하기 위해 국가수질측정망에서 제공되는 2004~2016년 동안의 장기 영양염 자료를 이용하였다. 장기자료의 DIN/DIP를 분석한 결과 대부분 16이하로 N 제한이 우세하였지만 N, P, Si의 농도비를 이용한 분석에서는 하계와 추계에는 N 제한이 우세하였고, 동계와 춘계에는 해역에 따라 일부 Si 제한을 보이거나 또는 제한이 나타나지 않았다. 생물검정실험 시 채집된 현장수의 영양염 분석결과, DIN/DIP는 3월과 5월에 모든 정점에서 P 제한을 나타냈고, 7월과 10월에는 N 제한이 우세하였다. N, P, Si의 농도비를 이용한 분석에서 3월과 5월은 P와 Si 제한을 보이거나 제한영양염이 나타나지 않은 정점이 존재하였으나 7월과 10월에는 N 제한이 우세하였다. 실질적인 제한영양염을 평가하기 위해 수행된 생물검정실험 결과 3월에는 특정 제한영양염이 나타나지 않았으나, 5월, 7월 10월에는 NH4+와 NO3-가 반응을 보임으로서 이 시기에는 N이 식물플랑크톤 성장에 직접 관여하는 실질적인 제한영양염임을 확인하였다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 국립공원공단 국립공원연구원의 「태안해안 국립공원 해양환경변화 측정망」사업의 지원으로 수행되었습니다.

References

  1. Azam, F., B. B. Hemmingsen, and B. E. Volcani(1974), Role of silicon in diatom metabolism, Archives of Microbiology, Vol. 97, pp. 103-114. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00403050
  2. Bae, S. W., D. Kim, Y. O. Kim, C. H. Moon, and S. H. Baek(2014), The influences of additional nutrients on phytoplankton growth and horizontal Phytoplankton community distribution during the autumn season in Gwangyang Bay, Korea., Korean Journal of Environmental Biology, Vol. 32, pp. 35-48. https://doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2014.32.1.035
  3. Baek, S. H., D. S. Kim, B. G. Hyun, H. W. Choi, and Y. O. Kim(2011), Characteristics of Horizontal Community Distribution and Nutrient Limitation on Growth Rate of Phytoplankton during a Winter in Gwangyang Bay, Korea., Ocean and Polar Research, Vol. 33, pp. 99-111. https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2011.33.2.099
  4. Brooks, D. A. and D. W. Townsend(1989), Variability of the coastal current and nutrient pathways in the eastern Gulf of Maine, Journal of Marine Research, Vol. 47, pp. 303-321. https://doi.org/10.1357/002224089785076299
  5. Caron, D. A.(1991), Evolving role of protozoa in aquatic nutrient cycles, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 387-415.
  6. Conway, H. L., P. J. Harrison, and C. O. Davis(1976), Marine diatoms grown in chemostats under silicate or ammonium limitation. II. Transient response of Skeletonema costatum to a single addition of the limiting nutrient, Marine Biology, Vol. 35, pp. 187-199. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00390940
  7. Courrat, A., J. Lobry, D. Nicolas, P. Laffargue, R. Amara, M. Lepage, M. Girardin, and O. Le Pape(2009), Anthropogenic disturbance on nursery function of estuarine areas for marine species, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, Vol. 81, pp. 179-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2008.10.017
  8. Dortch, Q. and T. E. Whitledge(1992), Does nitrogen or silicon limit phytoplankton production in the Mississippi River plume and nearby regions?, Continental Shelf Research, Vol. 12, pp. 1293-1309. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-4343(92)90065-R
  9. Fisher, T. R., E. R. Peele, J. W. Ammerman, and L. W. Harding(1992), Nutrient limitation of phytoplankton in Chesapeake Bay, Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 82, pp. 51-63. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps082051
  10. Fujiki, T., T. Toda, T. Kikuchi, H. Aono, and S. Taguchi (2004), Phosphorus limitation of primary productivity during the spring-summer blooms in Sagami Bay, Japan., Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 283, pp. 29-38. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps283029
  11. Hansson, L. A.(1992), The role of food chain composition and nutrient availability in shaping algal biomass development, Ecology, Vol. 73, pp. 241-247. https://doi.org/10.2307/1938735
  12. Harrison, P. J., M. H. Hu, Y. P. Yang, and X. Lu(1990), Phosphate limitation in estuarine and coastal waters of China, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 140, pp. 79-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(90)90083-O
  13. Harrison, P. J., K. Yin, J. H. W. Lee, J. Gan, and H. Liu(2008), Physical-biological coupling in the Pearl River Estuary, Continental Shelf Research, Vol. 28, pp. 1405-1415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2007.02.011
  14. Harrison, W. G., L. R. Harris, and B. D. Irwin(1996), The kinetics of nitrogen utilization in the oceanic mixed layer: Nitrate and ammonium interactions at nanomolar concentrations, Limnology and Oceanography, Vol. 41, pp. 16-32. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1996.41.1.0016
  15. Hecky, R. E. and P. Kilham(1988), Nutrient limitation of phytoplankton in freshwater and marine environments: A review of recent evidence on the effects of enrichment, Limnology and Oceanography, Vol. 33, pp. 796-822. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1988.33.4part2.0796
  16. Hummel, H., A. W. Fortuin, R. H. Bogaards, A. Meijboom, and L. de Wolf(1994), The effects of prolonged emersion and submersion by tidal manipulation on marine macrobenthos, Hydrobiologia, Vol. 282, pp. 219-234. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00024632
  17. Hyun, B. G., K. Shin, D. S. Kim, Y. O. Kim, H. M. Joo, and S. H. Baek(2011), Understanding of phytoplankton community dynamics through algae bioassay experiment during winter season of Jinhae bay, Korea, The Sea, Vol. 16, pp. 27-38. https://doi.org/10.7850/JKSO.2011.16.1.027
  18. Jang, P. G., W. J. Lee, M. C. Jang, J. D. Lee, W. J. Lee, M. Chang, K. C. Hwang, and K. Shin(2005), Spatial and temporal distribution of inorganic nutrients and factors controlling their distributions in Gwangyang Bay, Ocean and polar research, Vol. 27, pp. 359-379. https://doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2005.27.4.359
  19. Jeong, B.(2014), A study on ecological properties and mechanism of growth inhibition of dinoflagellate in the Yeongsan River estuary, Doctorate thesis, Mokpo National Maritime University, Mokpo (In Korean).
  20. Jeong, B., Y. Shin, N. Jang, and S. Kim(2008), Nutrient limitation of phytoplankton in the Dongbok Lake: Analyses of long-term data and bioassay experiments, Korean Journal of Limnology, Vol. 41, pp. 412-421.
  21. Jeong, B., Y. Sin, S. Yang, and C. Park(2011), Monthly variation of phytoplankton community in Asan Bay, Korea, The Sea, Vol. 16, pp. 238-245. https://doi.org/10.7850/JKSO.2011.16.4.238
  22. Jeong, J. Y.(2015), A study of physicochemical characteristics of marine environment of Taeanhaean National Park and Cheonsu Bay, Korea, Doctorate thesis, Kunsan National University.
  23. Jeong, Y. H. and J. S. Yang(2015), The long-term variations of water qualities in the Saemangeum salt-water lake after the sea-dike construction, Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy, Vol. 18, pp. 51-63. https://doi.org/10.7846/JKOSMEE.2015.18.2.51
  24. Justic, D., N. N. Rabalais, R. E. Turner, and Q. Dortch (1995), Changes in nutrient structure of river-dominated coastal waters: stoichiometric nutrient balance and its consequences, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, Vol. 40, pp. 339-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7714(05)80014-9
  25. Kang, S. H., J. S. Kang, S. H. Lee, D. Kim, and D. Y. Kim(2000), Importance of polar phytoplankton for the global environmental change, Korean Journal of Environmental Biology, Vol. 18, pp. 1-20.
  26. Korea National Park Service(KNPS)(2018), A Comprehensive analysis of long-term monitoring of ecosystem impact of Hebei Sprite oil spill, Korea National Park Research Institute, Wonju in Korea, p. 249.
  27. Kwon, H. K., H. S. Yang, Y. H. Yoon, O. I. Choi, I. H. Choi, and S. J. Oh(2015), Characteristics of marine environment and primary productivity of phytoplankton in the seaweed bed of northwestern coast of Jeju Island during autumn 2014, The Sea, Vol. 20, pp. 180-191. https://doi.org/10.7850/JKSO.2015.20.4.180
  28. Kwon, K. Y., C. H. Kim, C. K. Kang, C. H. Moon, M. O. Park, and S. R. Yang(2002), Limiting nutrients for phytoplankton growth in the Seomjin River Estuary as determined by algal bioassay experiment, Journal of the Korean Fisheries Society, Vol. 35, pp. 455-461.
  29. Lee, J., C. Park, D. Lee, and S. Lee(2012), Variations in plankton assemblage in a semi-closed Chunsu Bay, Korea, The sea, Vol. 17, pp. 95-111. https://doi.org/10.7850/JKSO.2012.17.2.095
  30. Lee, J. H. and E. H. Lee(1999), Water quality and phytoplankton red tide in Deukryang Bay of Korea, Korean Journal of Environmental Biology, Vol. 1, pp. 271-278.
  31. Lee, S. M., S. J. Chang, and S. Heo(2019), Changes in phytoplankton community structure by freshwater input in the Cheonsu Bay, Korea, Journal of environmental science international, Vol. 28, pp. 1005-1017. https://doi.org/10.5322/JESI.2019.28.11.1005
  32. Lee, Y. S.(2006), Growth of the indigenous red-tide phytoplankton assemblage with the addition of limiting nutrients, Journal of the environmental sciences, Vol. 15, pp. 961-966. https://doi.org/10.5322/JES.2006.15.10.961
  33. Lee, Y. S., J. S. Lee, R. H. Jung, S. S. Kim, W. J. Go, K. Y. Kim, and J. Park(2001), Limiting nutrient on phytoplankton growth in Gwangyang Bay, The Sea, Vol. 6, pp. 201-210.
  34. Madhu, N. V., R. Jyothibabu, K. K. Balachandran, U. K. Honey, G. D. Martin, J. G. Vijay, C. A. Shiyas, G. V. M. Gupta, and C. T. Achuthankutty(2007), Monsoonal impact on planktonic standing stock and abundance in a tropical estuary (Cochin backwaters - India), Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, Vol. 73, pp. 54-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.12.009
  35. Mahoney, J. B.(1989), Algal assay of relative abundance of phytoplankton nutrients in northeast United States coastal and shelf waters, Water Research, Vol. 23, pp. 603-615. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(89)90027-4
  36. Park, M. G., S. R. Yang, J. H. Shim, C. S. Chung, G. H. Hong, S. J. Pae, and D. B. Yang(2002), Is Nitrogen Uptake Rate by Phytoplankton below the Euphotic Zone in the Yellow Sea Considerable?, The Sea, Vol. 7, pp. 60-67.
  37. Parsons, T. R., Y. Maita, and C. M. Lalli(1984), A manual of chemical & biological methods for seawater analysis, Pergamon, Amsterdam.
  38. Redfield, A. C.(1958), The biological control of chemical factors in the environment, American Scientist, Vol. 46, pp. 205-221.
  39. Redfield, A. C., B. H. Ketchum, and F. A. Richards(1963), The influence of organisms on the compostion of sea-water, The Sea, John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 26-77
  40. Schindler, D. W.(1977), Evolution of phosphorus limitation in lakes, Science, Vol. 195, pp. 260-262. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.195.4275.260
  41. Shin, J. K., D. S. Kim, and K. J. Cho(2000), Dynamics of inorganic nutrients and phytoplankton in Shihwa Reservoir, Korean Journal of Limnology Vol. 33, pp. 109-118.
  42. Sin, Y., B. Hyun, B. Jeong and H. Y. Soh(2013), Impacts of eutrophic freshwater inputs on water quality and phytoplankton size structure in a temperate estuary altered by a sea dike, Marine Environmental Research, Vol. 85, pp. 54-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.01.001
  43. Sin, Y. and B. Jeong(2015), Short-term variations of phytoplankton communities in response to anthropogenic stressors in a highly altered temperate estuary, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, Vol. 156, pp. 83-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2014.09.022
  44. Sin, Y. and J. Kim(2003), Relative importance of bottom-up vs. top-down controls on size-structured phytoplankton dynamics in a freshwater ecosystem: I. Temporal and spatial variations of size structure, Korean Journal of Limnology, Vol. 36, pp. 403-412.
  45. Song, Y. S., H. S. Choi, S. C. Yoo, H. P. Hong, J. H. Seo, H. J. Lee, T. I. Kim, S. B. Woo, and J. K. Choi(2011), Modeling the effect of nutrient enrichment on the plankton population: Validation using mesocosm experiment data, Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers, Vol. 23, pp. 358-368. https://doi.org/10.9765/KSCOE.2011.23.5.358
  46. Sterner, R. W. and J. P. Grover(1998), Algal growth in warm temperate reservoirs: kinetic examination of nitrogen, temperature, light, and other nutrients, Water Research, Vol. 32, pp. 3539-3548. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00165-1
  47. Sundback, K., B. Jonsson, P. Nilsson, and I. Lindstrom (1990), Impact of accumulating drifting macroalgae on a shallow-water sediment system: an experimental study, Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 58, pp. 261-274. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps058261
  48. Taylor, D., S. Nixon, S. Granger, and B. Buckley(1995), Nutrient limitation and the eutrophication of coastal lagoons, Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 127, pp. 235-244. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps127235
  49. Tilman, D.(1982), Resource competition and community structure, Monographs in Population Biology, Princeton university press.
  50. Wei, Q. S., Z. G. Yu, B. D. Wang, M. Z. Fu, C. S. Xia, L. Liu, R. F. Ge, H. W. Wang, and R. Zhan(2016), Coupling of the spatial-temporal distributions of nutrients and physical conditions in the southern Yellow Sea, Journal of Marine Systems, Vol. 156, pp. 30-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2015.12.001
  51. Wetzel, R. G.(2001), Limnology: Lake and River Ecosystems 3rd Edition, Academic Press, San Diego.
  52. Wheeler, P. A. and S. A. Kokkinakis(1990), Ammonium recycling limits nitrate use in the oceanic subarctic Pacific, Limnology and Oceanography, Vol. 35, pp. 1267-1278. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1990.35.6.1267
  53. Yin, K., P. Y. Qian, J. C. Chen, D. P. H. Hsieh, and P. J. Harrison(2000), Dynamics of nutrients and phytoplankton biomass in the Pearl River estuary and adjacent waters of Hong Kong during summer: preliminary evidence for phosphorus and silicon limitation, Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 194, pp. 295-305. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps194295
  54. Yoon, B.(2012), A Study of nutrient limitation in estuary using bioassay experiment, Master's thesis, Mokpo National Maritime University.
  55. Yoon, B., E. Lee, T. Kang, and Y. Shin(2013), Long-term change of phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll-a), environmental factors and freshwater discharge in Youngsan Estuary, Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment, Vol. 46, pp. 205-214. https://doi.org/10.11614/KSL.2013.46.2.205