Animal Bioscience

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
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Genetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA from ancient Equus caballus bones found at archaeological site of Joseon dynasty period capital area

  • Hong, Jong Ha (Institute of Korean Archaeology and Ancient History, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Oh, Chang Seok (Department of Mortuary Science, College of Bio-Convergence, Eulji University) ;
  • Kim, Sun (Research Institute of Buddhist Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Kang, In Uk (Institute of Korean Archaeology and Ancient History, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Shin, Dong Hoon (Comparative Anatomy Lab, Institute of Forensic and Anthropological Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine)
  • Received : 2021.11.10
  • Accepted : 2022.01.28
  • Published : 2022.08.01
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Abstract

Objective: To understand the domestication and spread of horses in history, genetic information is essential. However, mitogenetic traits of ancient or medieval horses have yet to be comprehensively revealed, especially for East Asia. This study thus set out to reveal the maternal lineage of skeletal horse remains retrieved from a 15th century archaeological site (Gongpyeongdong) at Old Seoul City in South Korea. Methods: We extracted DNA from the femur of Equus caballus (SNU-A001) from Joseon period Gongpyeongdong site. Mitochondrial (mt) DNA (HRS 15128-16116) of E. caballus was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Cloning and sequencing were conducted for the mtDNA amplicons. The sequencing results were analyzed by NCBI/BLAST and phylogenetic tool of MEGA7 software. Results: By means of mtDNA cytochrome b and D-loop analysis, we found that the 15th century Korean horse belonged to haplogroup Q representing those horses that have historically been raised widely in East Asia. Conclusion: The horse is unique among domesticated animals for the remarkable impact it has on human civilization in terms of transportation and trade. Utilizing the Joseon-period horse remains, we can obtain clues to reveal the genetic traits of Korean horse that existed before the introduction of Western horses.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2019S1A5C2A01083578; 2020R1I1A1A01073501).

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