References
- Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC). Analytical Results of the Chemical Components of Various Humidifier Disinfectant Brands from KCDC's Parliamentary Inspection. Osong: Department of Epidemiology Research; 2011.
- Park DU, Park S, Park JH, Park J, Hong SJ, Paek D. Abrupt rise of humidifier disinfectant associated health problems since 2008: was it chance or inevitable? J Environ Health Sci. 2020; 46(2): 128-135.
- Ministry of Environment (MOE). Toxic Chemical Control Act. Available: https://www.law.go.kr/LSW//lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=142616&ancYd=20130806&ancNo=11998&efYd=20140807&nwJoYnInfo=N&efGubun=Y&chrClsCd=010202&ancYnChk=0#0000 [accessed 4 April 2022].
- Ministry of Environment (MOE). Handbook of Hazardous Chemical Control Act. Available: https://me.go.kr/home/web/policy_data/read.do?pagerOffset=1250&maxPageItems=10&maxIndexPages=10&searchKey=&searchValue=&menuId=10276&orgCd=&condition.deleteYn=N&seq=5333 [accessed 4 April 2022].
- Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS). Act of Risk Assessment of Products for Human Body. Available: https://www.law.go.kr/%EB%B2%95%EB%A0%B9/%EC%9D%B8%EC%B2%B4%EC%A0%81%EC%9A%A9%EC%A0%9C%ED%92%88%EC%9D%98%EC%9C%84%ED%95%B4%EC%84%B1%ED%8F%89%EA%B0%80%EC%97%90%EA%B4%80%ED%95%9C%EB%B2%95%EB%A5%A0 [accessed 4 May 2022].
- US Code of Federal Regulations. Title 40 / Chapter I / Subchapter R. Available: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-R [accessed 4 April 2022].
- European Commission. REACH (EC 1907/2006). Available: https://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/reach/legislation_en.htm [accessed 4 April 2022].
- EPA. Polymer Exemption Guidance Manual. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 1997.
- Food Packaging Forum. Discussion on Polymer Registration under REACH goes into 4th round. Available: https://www.foodpackagingforum.org/news/discussion-on-polymer-registration-under-reach-goes-into-4th-round [accessed 30 April 2022].
- Byeon J, Kim HS, Park MY, Lee KM, Hong MG, Choi YY. An estimation of population at risk of exposure to humidifier disinfectant and associated health effects. J Environ Health Sci. 2020; 46(4): 457-469. https://doi.org/10.5668/JEHS.2020.46.4.457
- CPSC (U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission). Dirty Humidifiers May Cause Health Problems. Available: https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/5046.pdf [accessed 4 April 2022].
- EPA. Indoor Air Facts No. 8: Use and Care of Home Humidifiers. Available: https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=94007SSO.txt [accessed 4 April 2022].
- Park DU, Lee S, Lim HK, Kim SY, Kim J, Park J, et al. Comprehensive review on humidifier disinfectant (HD) products, focusing on the number of products and their disinfectant type. J Environ Health Sci. 2020; 46(5): 481-494. https://doi.org/10.5668/JEHS.2020.46.5.481
- National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme (NICAS). Polyhexamethyleneguanidine Phosphate. Available: http://www.sudmed.ru/index.php?act=Attach&type=post&id=2882 [accessed 4 April 2022].
- Park TH. Humidfier disinfectant case and state liability. Environ Law Policy. 2016; 16: 35-56. https://doi.org/10.18215/envlp.16..201602.35
- Wei D, Ma Q, Guan Y, Hu F, Zheng A, Zhang X, et al. Structural characterization and antibacterial activity of oligoguanidine (polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride). Mater Sci Eng C. 2009; 29(6): 1776-1780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2009.02.005
- Jang LA. Building a Sustainable and Safe Society from Hazardous Chemicals: Through the Balanced Perspective of Utility and Fear, 1st ed. Seoul: Korea SHE Foundation; 2021.
- Lee HY, Park SA. A comparative study on major issues in the chemical substance management act of EU, USA and Japan. J Law Polit Res. 2017; 17(4): 31-65. https://doi.org/10.17926/kaolp.2017.17.4.31
- Park DU, Park J, Yang KW, Park JH, Kwon JH, Oh HB. Properties of polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) associated with fatal lung injury in Korea. Molecules. 2020; 25(14): 3301. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25143301
- Aerts O, Goossens A, Lambert J, Lepoittevin JP. Contact allergy caused by isothiazolinone derivatives: an overview of non-cosmetic and unusual cosmetic sources. Eur J Dermatol. 2017; 27(2): 115-122. https://doi.org/10.1684/ejd.2016.2951
- Bohn S, Niederer M, Brehm K, Bircher AJ. Airborne contact dermatitis from methylchloroisothiazolinone in wall paint. Abolition of symptoms by chemical allergen inactivation. Contact Dermatitis. 2000; 42(4): 196-201. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0536.2000.042004196.x
- Purohit A, Kopferschmitt-Kubler MC, Moreau C, Popin E, Blaumeiser M, Pauli G. Quaternary ammonium compounds and occupational asthma. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2000; 73(6): 423-427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004200000162
- EPA. Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride (ADBAC). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 2006.
- EPA. Methods for Derivation of Inhalation Reference Concentrations and Application of Inhalation Dosimetry. Washington, D.C.: Environmental Protection Agency; 1994.
- Applegate JS. Synthesizing TSCA and REACH: practical principles for chemical regulation reform. Ecol Law Q. 2008; 35: 721-770.
- Allen MJ, White GF, Morby AP. The response of Escherichia coli to exposure to the biocide polyhexamethylene biguanide. Microbiology (Reading). 2006; 152(Pt 4): 989-1000. https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.28643-0
- Kusnetsov JM, Tulkki AI, Ahonen HE, Martikainen PJ. Efficacy of three prevention strategies against legionella in cooling water systems. J Appl Microbiol. 1997; 82(6): 763-768. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.1997.00151.x
- Kim J, Zoh KE, Kim H, Park DU. A review on the health risks associated with the use of products containing Benzalkonium Chloride (BKC), focusing on humidifier disinfectant products. J Environ Health Sci. 2021; 47(6): 513-520. https://doi.org/10.5668/JEHS.2021.47.6.513