Journal of fish pathology (한국어병학회지)

The Korean Society of Fish Pathology (한국어병학회)
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Prevention of Citrobacter freundii (MW279218) infection in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus using zinc oxide nanoparticles

  • Korni, Fatma M. M. (Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University) ;
  • Moawad, Usama K. (Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University) ;
  • Mohammed, Asmaa N. (Department of Hygiene, Zoonoses and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University) ;
  • Edrees, Asmaa (Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University)
  • Received : 2022.05.05
  • Accepted : 2022.06.11
  • Published : 2022.06.30
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Abstract

Aquaculture development is based on the ideas of increasing production while reducing economic losses. Bacterial diseases are the leading source of fish cases. Citrobacter freundii has been linked to septicemia and mortality all over the world. In the current study, the cause of mortality in O. niloticus was C. freundii MW279218. External hemorrhages were seen on the affected fish, as well as paleness in the liver and kidney congestion. C. freundii MW279218 had a median lethal dosage of 1.5×105 CFU/mL. Zinc oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were tested for their biocidal effectiveness against C. freundii MW279218. The lethal effect of ZnO-NPs for C. freundii MW279218 was 100% when compared to zinc oxide compound, and the inhibition zone width was 2.31.1mm at the highest tested concentrations (70 mg/L) compared to the lowest (35 and 45 mg/L, respectively). Fish were fed three different diets for 28 days: diet 1 (no additives), diet 2 (100 mg of ZnO-NPs/kg of feed), and diet 3 (200 mg of ZnO-NPs/kg of feed). Organs were also collected for histopathology 96 hours after injection (P<0.05). In the groups given 200 mg of ZnO-NPs, there was 10% mortality and 80% RPS. The group fed 100 mg of ZnO-NPs/kg, on the other hand, had 20% mortality and 60% RPS, compared to 50% mortality in the control positive group. Histopathological examinations demonstrated significant alterations in the control positive group and mild lesions in the hepatopancreas of the groups administered 100 mg ZnO-NPs/kg of feed. The groups fed 200 mg of ZnO-NPs/kg diet, on the other hand, showed no histological alterations. ZnO-NPs were found to be effective in the up regulation of both IL-10 and complement 5 immune-related genes.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

We would like to thank Biotechnology unit Reference lab of veterinary quality control on poultry production Animal health research institute, Dokki Giza Egypt. Agricultural Research Centre for determination of virulence genes and transcription levels of the immune-related genes.

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