Computers and Concrete

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Efficient influence of cross section shape on the mechanical and economic properties of concrete canvas and CFRP reinforced columns management using metaheuristic optimization algorithms

  • Ge, Genwang (Department of Civil Engineering, Ma'anshan University) ;
  • Liu, Yingzi (Department of Civil Engineering, Anhui University of Technology) ;
  • Al-Tamimi, Haneen M. (Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College) ;
  • Pourrostam, Towhid (Department of Civil Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University) ;
  • Zhang, Xian (Economic and Technical Research Institute of Anhui Power Corporation) ;
  • Ali, H. Elhosiny (Advanced Functional Materials & Optoelectronic Laboratory (AFMOL), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University) ;
  • Jan, Amin (Faculty of Hospitality, Tourism and Wellness, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, City Campus) ;
  • Salameh, Anas A. (Department of Management Information Systems, College of Business Administration, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University)
  • Received : 2021.05.18
  • Accepted : 2022.04.06
  • Published : 2022.06.25
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Abstract

This paper examined the impact of the cross-sectional structure on the structural results under different loading conditions of reinforced concrete (RC) members' management limited in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP). The mechanical properties of CFRC was investigated, then, totally 32 samples were examined. Test parameters included the cross-sectional shape as square, rectangular and circular with two various aspect rates and loading statues. The loading involved concentrated loading, eccentric loading with a ratio of 0.46 to 0.6 and pure bending. The results of the test revealed that the CFRP increased ductility and load during concentrated processing. A cross sectional shape from 23 to 44 percent was increased in load capacity and from 250 to 350 percent increase in axial deformation in rectangular and circular sections respectively, affecting greatly the accomplishment of load capacity and ductility of the concentrated members. Two Artificial Intelligence Models as Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) were used to estimating the tensile and flexural strength of specimen. On the basis of the performance from RMSE and RSQR, C-Shape CFRC was greater tensile and flexural strength than any other FRP composite design. Because of the mechanical anchorage into the matrix, C-shaped CFRCC was noted to have greater fiber-matrix interfacial adhesive strength. However, with the increase of the aspect ratio and fiber volume fraction, the compressive strength of CFRCC was reduced. This possibly was due to the fact that during the blending of each fiber, the volume of air input was increased. In addition, by adding silica fumed to composites, the tensile and flexural strength of CFRCC is greatly improved.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The work is supported by Natural Science Foundation granted by Department of Education, Anhui Province (No. KJ2019A0917). The authors also express their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia, for funding this work through research groups program under grant of number R.G.P.2/96/43.

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  83. Salimi, A., Rostami, J. and Moormann, C. (2017), "Evaluating the suitability of existing rock mass classification systems for TBM performance prediction by using a regression tree", Procedia Eng., 191, 299-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.05.185
  84. Salimi, A., Rostami, J., Moormann, C. and Delisio, A. (2016), "Application of non-linear regression analysis and artificial intelligence algorithms for performance prediction of hard rock TBMs", Tunnel. Underg. Space Technol., 58, 236-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2016.05.009.
  85. Sari, P.A., Suhatril, M., Osman, N., Mu'azu, M.A., Dehghani, H., Sedghi, Y., ... & Djuric, S. (2019), "An intelligent based-model role to simulate the factor of safe slope by support vector regression", Eng. Comput., 35(4), 1521-1531. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-018-0677-4.
  86. Schutte, J.F., Reinbolt, J.A., Fregly, B.J., Haftka, R.T. and George, A.D. (2004), "Parallel global optimization with the particle swarm algorithm", Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng., 61(13), 2296-2315. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.1149.
  87. Sedghi, Y., Zandi, Y., Shariati, M., Ahmadi, E., Azar, V.M., Toghroli, A., ... & Wakil, K. (2018), "Application of ANFIS technique on performance of C and L shaped angle shear connectors", Smart Struct. Syst., 22(3), 335-340. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2018.22.3.335.
  88. Shah, S.N.R., Sulong, N.R., Jumaat, M.Z. and Shariati, M. (2016a), "State-of-the-art review on the design and performance of steel pallet rack connections", Eng. Fail. Anal., 66, 240-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2016.04.017.
  89. Shah, S.N.R., Sulong, N.R., Khan, R., Jumaat, M.Z. and Shariati, M. (2016b), "Behavior of industrial steel rack connections", Mech. Syst. Signal Pr., 70-71, 725-740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2015.08.026.
  90. Shah, S.N.R., Sulong, N.R., Shariati, M. and Jumaat, M.Z. (2015), "Steel rack connections: identification of most influential factors and a comparison of stiffness design methods", Plos One, 10(10), e0139422. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139422.
  91. Shah, S.N.R., Sulong, N.R., Shariati, M., Khan, R. and Jumaat, M.Z. (2016c), "Behavior of steel pallet rack beam-to-column connections at elevated temperatures", Thin Wall. Struct., 106, 471-483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2016.05.021.
  92. Shahabi, S., Sulong, N., Shariati, M., Mohammadhassani, M. and Shah, S. (2016a), "Numerical analysis of channel connectors under fire and a comparison of performance with different types of shear connectors subjected to fire", Steel Compos. Struct., 20(3), 651-669. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2016.20.3.651.
  93. Shahabi, S., Sulong, N., Shariati, M. and Shah, S. (2016b), "Performance of shear connectors at elevated temperatures-A review", Steel Compos. Struct., 20(1), 185-203. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2016.20.1.185.
  94. Shariat, M., Shariati, M., Madadi, A. and Wakil, K. (2018), "Computational Lagrangian Multiplier Method by using for optimization and sensitivity analysis of rectangular reinforced concrete beams", Steel Compos. Struct., 29(2), 243-256. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.29.2.243.
  95. Shariati, A., Bayrami, S.S., Ebrahimi, F. and Toghroli, A. (2020a), "Wave propagation analysis of electro-rheological fluid-filled sandwich composite beam", Mech. Bas. Des. Struct. Mach., 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/15397734.2020.1745646.
  96. Shariati, A., Ebrahimi, F., Hosseini, S.H.S., Toghroli, A. and Bayrami, S.S. (2020b), "On the nonlinear dynamics of viscoelastic graphene sheets conveying nanoflow: Parametric excitation analysis", Mech. Bas. Des. Struct. Mach., 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/15397734.2020.1728544.
  97. Shariati, A., Ebrahimi, F., Karimiasl, M., Selvamani, R. and Toghroli, A. (2020c), "On bending characteristics of smart magneto-electro-piezoelectric nanobeams system", Adv. Nano Res., 9(3), 183-191. https://doi.org/10.12989/anr.2020.9.3.183.
  98. Shariati, A., RamliSulong, N.H. and Shariati, M. (2012a), "Various types of shear connectors in composite structures: A review", Int. J. Phys. Sci., 7(22), 2876-2890. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPSx11.004.
  99. Shariati, A., Shariati, M., Sulong, N.R., Suhatril, M., Khanouki, M.A. and Mahoutian, M. (2014a), "Experimental assessment of angle shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading in high strength concrete", Constr. Build. Mater., 52, 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.11.036.
  100. Shariati, A., Sulong, N.H., Suhatril, M. and Shariati, M. (2012b), "Investigation of channel shear connectors for composite concrete and steel T-beam", Int. J. Phys. Sci., 7(11), Article Number: 0626DBF163901828-1831. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS11.1604.
  101. Shariati, M. (2008), "Assessment building using none-destructive test techniques (ultra sonic pulse velocity and schmidt rebound hammer)", Universiti Putra Malaysia.
  102. Shariati, M. (2013), "Behaviour of C-shaped shear connectors in stell concrete composite beams", Jabatan Kejuruteraan Awam, Fakulti Kejuruteraan, Universiti Malaya.
  103. Shariati, M., Azar, S.M., Arjomand, M.A., Tehrani, H.S., Daei, M. and Safa, M. (2019a), "Comparison of dynamic behavior of shallow foundations based on pile and geosynthetic materials in fine-grained clayey soils", Geomech. Eng., 19(6), 473. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2019.19.6.473.
  104. Shariati, M., Azar, S.M., Arjomand, M.A., Tehrani, H.S., Daei, M. and Safa, M. (2020d), "Evaluating the impacts of using piles and geosynthetics in reducing the settlement of fine-grained soils under static load", Geomech. Eng., 20(2), 87-101. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.20.2.087.
  105. Shariati, M., Davoodnabi, S.M., Toghroli, A., Kong, Z. and Shariati, A. (2021), "Hybridization of metaheuristic algorithms with adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system to predict load-slip behavior of angle shear connectors at elevated temperatures", Compos. Struct., 278, 114524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.114524.
  106. Shariati, M., Faegh, S.S., Mehrabi, P., Bahavarnia, S., Zandi, Y., Masoom, D.R., ... & Salih, M.N. (2019b), "Numerical study on the structural performance of corrugated low yield point steel plate shear walls with circular openings", Steel Compos. Struct., 33(4), 569-581. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.33.4.569.
  107. Shariati, M., Ghorbani, M., Naghipour, M., Alinejad, N. and Toghroli, A. (2020e), "The effect of RBS connection on energy absorption in tall buildings with braced tube frame system", Steel Compos. Struct., 34(3), 393. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.34.3.393.
  108. Shariati, M., Grayeli, M., Shariati, A. and Naghipour, M. (2020f), "Performance of composite frame consisting of steel beams and concrete filled tubes under fire loading", Steel Compos. Struct., 36(5), 587-602. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.36.5.587.
  109. Shariati, M., Heyrati, A., Zandi, Y., Laka, H., Toghroli, A., Kianmehr, P., ... & Poi-Ngian, S. (2019c), "Application of waste tire rubber aggregate in porous concrete", Smart Struct. Syst., 24(4), 553-566. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2019.24.4.553.
  110. Shariati, M., Lagzian, M., Maleki, S., Shariati, A. and Trung, N.T. (2020g), "Evaluation of seismic performance factors for tension-only braced frames", Steel Compos. Struct., 35(4), 599-609. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.35.4.599.
  111. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Ghahremani, B., Azarhomayun, F., Ahmadi, M., Trung, N.T. and Shariati, A. (2020h), "A novel hybrid extreme learning machine-grey wolf optimizer (ELMGWO) model to predict compressive strength of concrete with partial replacements for cement", Eng. Comput., 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-020-01081-0.
  112. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Haido, J.H., Yousif, S.T., Toghroli, A., Trung, N.T. and Shariati, A. (2020i), "Identification of the most influencing parameters on the properties of corroded concrete beams using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)", Steel Compos. Struct., 34(1), 155-170. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.34.1.155.
  113. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Mehrabi, P., Ahmadi, M., Wakil, K., Trung, N.T. and Toghroli, A. (2020j), "Prediction of concrete strength in presence of furnace slag and fly ash using Hybrid ANN-GA (Artificial Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm)", Smart Struct. Syst., 25(2), 183-195. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2020.25.2.183.
  114. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Mehrabi, P., Bahadori, A., Zandi, Y., Salih, M.N., ... & Poi-Ngian, S. (2019d), "Application of a hybrid Artificial Neural Network-Particle Swarm Optimization (ANN-PSO) model in behavior prediction of channel shear connectors embedded in normal and high-strength concrete", Appl. Sci.-Basel, 9(24), 5534. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9245534.
  115. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Mehrabi, P., Shariati, A., Toghroli, A., Trung, N.T. and Salih, M.N. (2020k), "A novel approach to predict shear strength of tilted angle connectors using artificial intelligence techniques", Eng. Comput., 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-019-00930-x.
  116. Shariati, M., Mafipour, M.S., Mehrabi, P., Zandi, Y., Dehghani, D., Bahadori, A., ... & Poi-Ngian, S. (2019e), "Application of Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and Genetic Programming (GP) to design steel-concrete composite floor systems at elevated temperatures", Steel Compos. Struct., 33(3), 319-332. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.33.3.319.
  117. Shariati, M., Naghipour, M., Yousofizinsaz, G., Toghroli, A. and Tabarestani, N.P. (2020l), "Numerical study on the axial compressive behavior of built-up CFT columns considering different welding lines", Steel Compos. Struct., 34(3), 377-391. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.34.3.377.
  118. Shariati, M., Rafie, S., Zandi, Y., Fooladvand, R., Gharehaghaj, B., Mehrabi, P., ... & Poi-Ngian, S. (2019f), "Experimental investigation on the effect of cementitious materials on fresh and mechanical properties of self-consolidating concrete", Adv. Concrete Constr., 8(3), 225-237. https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2019.8.3.225.
  119. Shariati, M., Ramli-Sulong, N.H., Arabnejad, M.M., Shafigh, P. and Sinaei, H. (2011a), "Assessing the strength of reinforced concrete structures through Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Schmidt Rebound Hammer tests", Scientif. Res. Essay., 6(1), 213-220. https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE10.879.
  120. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H. and Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. (2010), "Experimental and analytical study on channel shear connectors in light weight aggregate concrete", Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Steel & Composite Structures, Sydney, Australia, July.
  121. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Arabnejad, M.M.K H. and Mahoutian, M. (2011b), "Shear resistance of channel shear connectors in plain, reinforced and lightweight concrete", Scientif. Res. Essay., 6(4), 977-983.
  122. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Shariati, A. (2011c), "Experimental and numerical investigations of channel shear connectors in high strength concrete", Proceedings of the 2011 World Congress on Advances in Structural Engineering and Mechanics (ASEM'11+), Seoul, South Korea, August.
  123. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Shariati, A. and Khanouki, M.A. (2015), "Behavior of V-shaped angle shear connectors: Experimental and parametric study", Mater. Struct., 49(9), 3909-3926. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-015-0762-8.
  124. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H., Sinaei, H., Arabnejad Khanouki, M.M. and Shafigh, P. (2011d), "Behavior of channel shear connectors in normal and light weight aggregate concrete (experimental and analytical study)", Adv. Mater. Res., 168, 2303-2307. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.168-170.2303.
  125. Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N., Suhatril, M., Shariati, A., Arabnejad Khanouki, M. and Sinaei, H. (2012c), "Fatigue energy dissipation and failure analysis of channel shear connector embedded in the lightweight aggregate concrete in composite bridge girders", Fifth International Conference on Eng. Fail. Anal., The Hague, The Netherlands, July.
  126. Shariati, M., Shariati, A., Sulong, N.R., Suhatril, M. and Khanouki, M.A. (2014b), "Fatigue energy dissipation and failure analysis of angle shear connectors embedded in high strength concrete", Eng. Fail. Anal., 41, 124-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2014.02.017.
  127. Shariati, M., Shariati, A., Trung, N.T., Shoaei, P., Ameri, F., Bahrami, N. and Zamanabadi, S.N. (2020m), "Alkali-activated slag (AAS) paste: Correlation between durability and microstructural characteristics", Constr. Build. Mater., 267, 120886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120886.
  128. Shariati, M., Sulong, N.R. and Khanouki, M.A. (2012d), "Experimental assessment of channel shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading in high strength concrete", Mater. Des., 34, 325-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.08.008.
  129. Shariati, M., Sulong, N.R., Shariati, A. and Kueh, A.B.H. (2016), "Comparative performance of channel and angle shear connectors in high strength concrete composites: An experimental study", Constr. Build. Mater., 120, 382-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.102.
  130. Shariati, M., Sulong, N.R., Suhatril, M., Shariati, A., Khanouki, M.A. and Sinaei, H. (2012e), "Behaviour of C-shaped angle shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading: An experimental study", Mater. Des., 41, 67-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.04.039.
  131. Shariati, M., Sulong, N.R., Suhatril, M., Shariati, A., Khanouki, M.A. and Sinaei, H. (2013), "Comparison of behaviour between channel and angle shear connectors under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading", Constr. Build. Mater., 38, 582-593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.07.050.
  132. Shariati, M., Tahir, M.M., Wee, T.C., Shah, S.N.R., Jalali, A. and Khorami, M. (2018), "Experimental investigations on monotonic and cyclic behavior of steel pallet rack connections", Eng. Fail. Anal., 85, 149-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2017.08.014.
  133. Shariati, M., Tahmasbi, F., Mehrabi, P., Bahadori, A. and Toghroli, A. (2020n), "Monotonic behavior of C and L shaped angle shear connectors within steel-concrete composite beams: an experimental investigation", Steel Compos. Struct., 35(2), 237-247. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.35.2.237.
  134. Shariati, M., Toghroli, A., Jalali, A. and Ibrahim, Z. (2017), "Assessment of stiffened angle shear connector under monotonic and fully reversed cyclic loading", Fifth International Conference on Advances in Civil, Structural and Mechanical Engineering-CSM 2017.
  135. Shariati, M., Trung, N.T., Wakil, K., Mehrabi, P., Safa, M. and Khorami, M. (2019g), "Moment-rotation estimation of steel rack connection using extreme learning machine", Steel Compos. Struct., 31(5), 427-435. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.31.5.427.
  136. Sinaei, H., Jumaat, M.Z. and Shariati, M (2011), "Numerical investigation on exterior reinforced concrete Beam-Column joint strengthened by composite fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)", Int. J. Phys. Sci., 6(28), 6572-6579. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS11.1225.
  137. Sinaei, H., Shariati, M., Abna, A.H., Aghaei, M. and Shariati, A. (2012), "Evaluation of reinforced concrete beam behaviour using finite element analysis by ABAQUS", Scientif. Res. Essay., 7(21), 2002-2009. https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE11.1393.
  138. Suhatril, M., Osman, N., Azura Sari, P., Shariati, M. and Marto, A. (2019), "Significance of surface eco-protection techniques for cohesive soils slope in Selangor, Malaysia", Geotech. Geolog. Eng., 37(3), 2007-2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-018-0740-3.
  139. Tahmasbi, F., Maleki, S., Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N.H. and Tahir, M.M. (2016), "Shear capacity of C-shaped and L-shaped angle shear connectors", Plos One, 11(8), e0156989. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156989.
  140. Toghroli, A. (2015), "Applications of the ANFIS and LR models in the prediction of shear connection in composite beams", Jabatan Kejuruteraan Awam, Fakulti Kejuruteraan, Universiti Malaya.
  141. Toghroli, A., Darvishmoghaddam, E., Zandi, Y., Parvan, M., Safa, M., Heydari, A., ... & Khorami, M. (2018a), "Evaluation of the parameters affecting the Schmidt rebound hammer reading using ANFIS method", Comput. Concrete, 21(5), 525-530. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2018.21.5.525.
  142. Toghroli, A., Mehrabi, P., Shariati, M., Trung, N.T., Jahandari, S. and Rasekh, H. (2020a), "Evaluating the use of recycled concrete aggregate and pozzolanic additives in fiber-reinforced pervious concrete with industrial and recycled fibers", Constr. Build. Mater., 252: 118997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118997.
  143. Toghroli, A., Mohammadhassani, M., Suhatril, M., Shariati, M. and Ibrahim, Z. (2014), "Prediction of shear capacity of channel shear connectors using the ANFIS model", Steel Compos. Struct., 17(5), 623-639. http://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2014.17.5.623.
  144. Toghroli, A., Nasirianfar, M.S., Shariati, A., Khorami, M., Paknahad, M., Ahmadi, M., ... & Zandi, Y. (2020b), "Analysis of extended end plate connection equipped with SMA bolts using component method", Steel Compos. Struct., 36(2), 213-228. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.36.2.213.
  145. Toghroli, A., Shariati, M., Karim, M.R. and Ibrahim, Z. (2017), "Investigation on composite polymer and silica fume-rubber aggregate pervious concrete", Fifth International Conference on Advances in Civil, Structural and Mechanical Engineering - CSM 2017, Zurich, Switzerland.
  146. Toghroli, A., Shariati, M., Sajedi, F., Ibrahim, Z., Koting, S., Mohamad, E.T. and Khorami, M. (2018b), "A review on pavement porous concrete using recycled waste materials", Smart Struct. Syst., 22(4), 433-440. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2018.22.4.433.
  147. Toghroli, A., Suhatril, M., Ibrahim, Z., Safa, M., Shariati, M. and Shamshirband, S. (2016), "Potential of soft computing approach for evaluating the factors affecting the capacity of steel-concrete composite beam", J. Intel. Manuf., 29(8), 1793-1801. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-016-1217-y.
  148. Trung, N.T., Alemi, N., Haido, J.H., Shariati, M., Baradaran, S. and Yousif, S.T. (2019a), "Reduction of cement consumption by producing smart green concretes with natural zeolites", Smart Struct. Syst., 24(3), 415-425. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2019.24.3.415.
  149. Trung, N.T., Shahgoli, A.F., Zandi, Y., Shariati, M., Wakil, K., Safa, M. and Khorami, M. (2019b), "Moment-rotation prediction of precast beam-to-column connections using extreme learning machine", Struct. Eng. Mech., 70(5), 639-647. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2019.70.5.639.
  150. Tsotra, P. and Friedrich, K. (2003), "Electrical and mechanical properties of functionally graded epoxy-resin/carbon fibre composites", Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf., 34(1), 75-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-835X(02)00181-1.
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  153. Wang, H., Habibi, M., Marzouki, R., Majdi, A., Shariati, M., Denic, N., ... & Ebid, A.A.K. (2022), "Improving the selfhealing of cementitious materials with a hydrogel system", Gels, 8(5), 278. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8050278.
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  162. Xu, H., Wang, X.Y., Liu, C.N., Chen, J.N. and Zhang, C. (2021), "A 3D root system morphological and mechanical model based on L-Systems and its application to estimate the shear strength of root-soil composites", Soil Tillage Res., 212, 105074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2021.105074.
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