Computers and Concrete

  • 제29권 6호
  • /
  • Pages.393-405
  • /
  • 2022
  • /
  • 1598-8198(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1598-818X(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Multi-Scale finite element investigations into the flexural behavior of lightweight concrete beams partially reinforced with steel fiber

  • 투고 : 2021.09.14
  • 심사 : 2022.05.11
  • 발행 : 2022.06.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Lightweight concrete is a superior material due to its light weight and high strength. There however remain significant lacunae in engineering knowledge with regards to shear failure of lightweight fiber reinforced concrete beams. The main aim of the present study is to investigate the optimum usage of steel fibers in lightweight fiber reinforced concrete (LWFRC). Multi-scale finite element model calibrated with experimental results is developed to study the effect of steel fibers on the mechanical properties of LWFRC beams. To decrease the amount of steel fibers, it is preferred to reinforce only the middle section of the LWFRC beams, where the flexural stresses are higher. For numerical simulation, a multi-scale finite element model was developed. The cement matrix was modeled as homogeneous and uniform material and both steel fibers and lightweight coarse aggregates were randomly distributed within the matrix. Considering more realistic assumptions, the bonding between fibers and cement matrix was considered with the Cohesive Zone Model (CZM) and its parameters were determined using the model update method. Furthermore, conformity of Load-Crack Mouth Opening Displacement (CMOD) curves obtained from numerical modeling and experimental test results of notched beams under center-point loading tests were investigated. Validating the finite element model results with experimental tests, the effects of fibers' volume fraction, and the length of the reinforced middle section, on flexural and residual strengths of LWFRC, were studied. Results indicate that using steel fibers in a specified length of the concrete beam with high flexural stresses, and considerable savings can be achieved in using steel fibers. Reducing the length of the reinforced middle section from 50 to 30 cm in specimens containing 10 kg/m3 of steel fibers, resulting in a considerable decrease of the used steel fibers by four times, whereas only a 7% reduction in bearing capacity was observed. Therefore, determining an appropriate length of the reinforced middle section is an essential parameter in reducing fibers, usage leading to more affordable construction costs.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Amin, M. and Tayeh, B.A. (2020), "Investigating the mechanical and microstructure properties of fibre-reinforced lightweight concrete under elevated temperatures", Case Stud. Constr. Mater., 13, e00459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2020.e00459.
  2. ASMT C1609/C1609M (2019), Standard Test Method for Flexural Performance of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (using Beam with Third-Point Loading), West Conshohocken, PA, USA .
  3. ASMT C33/C33M (2018), Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
  4. ASMT C330/C330M (2014), Standard Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Structural Concrete, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
  5. Banthia, N., Majdzadeh, F., Wu, J. and Bindiganavile, V. (2014), "Fiber synergy in hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (hyfrc) in flexure and direct shear", Cement Concrete Compos., 48(4), 91-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.10.018.
  6. Chang, T.P. and Su, N.K. (1996), "Estimation of coarse aggregate strength in high-strength concrete", Mater. J., 93(1), 3-9.
  7. Cheng, C., Hong, S., Zhang, Y. and He, J. (2020), "Effect of expanded polystyrene on the flexural behavior of lightweight glass fiber reinforced cement", Constr. Build. Mater., 265(12), 120328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120328.
  8. Congro, M., Roehl, D. and Mejia, C. (2021), "Mesoscale computational modeling of the mechanical behavior of cement composite materials", Compos. Struct., 257(1), 113137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.113137.
  9. Du, X. and Jin, L. (2021), Methodology: Meso-Scale Simulation Approach, Size Effect in Concrete Materials and Structures, Singapore, Springer.
  10. Esmaeili, J., Andalibi, K., Gencel, O., Maleki, F.K.and Maleki, V.A. (2021), "Pull-out and bond-slip performance of steel fibers with various ends shapes embedded in polymer-modified concrete", Constr. Build. Mater., 271(1), 121531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121531.
  11. Esmaeili, J. and Andalibia, K. (2019), "Development of 3D Meso-Scale finite element model to study the mechanical behavior of steel microfiber-reinforced polymer concrete", Comput. Concrete, 24(5), 413-422. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2019.24.5.413.
  12. Gal, E. and Kryvoruk, R. (2011), "Fiber reinforced concrete properties-A multiscale approach", Comput. Concrete, 8(5), 525-539. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.201.8.5.525.
  13. Gal, E. and Kryvoruk, R. (2011), "Meso-scale analysis of FRC using a two-step homogenization approach", Comput. Struct., 89(11-12), 921-929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2011.02.006.
  14. Ghamari, A., Kurdi, J., Shemirani, A.B. and Haeri, H. (2020), "Experimental investigating the properties of fiber reinforced concrete by combining different fibers", Comput. Concrete, 25(6), 509-516. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2020.25.6.509.
  15. Kalpana, M. and Tayu, A. (2019), "Light weight steel fibre reinforced concrete: A review", Mater. Today: Proc., 22, 884-886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.095.
  16. Kh, H.M., Ozakca, M., Ekmekyapar, T. and Kh, A.M. (2016), "Flexural behavior of concrete beams reinforced with different types of fibers", Comput. Concrete, 18(5), 999-1018. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2016.18.5.999.
  17. Khani, N., Yildiz, M. and Koc, B. (2016), "Elastic properties of coiled carbon nanotube reinforced nanocomposite: A finite element study", Mater. Des., 109(11), 123-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.06.126.
  18. Naderi, S., Tu, W. and Zhang, M. (2021), "Meso-scale modelling of compressive fracture in concrete with irregularly shaped aggregates", Cement Concrete Res., 140(1), 106317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106317.
  19. Pan, Z., Wu, C., Liu, J., Wang, W. and Liu, J. (2015), "Study on mechanical properties of cost-effective polyvinyl alcohol engineered cementitious composites (PVA-ECC)", Constr. Build. Mater., 78(3), 397-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.12.071.
  20. RILEM TC 162-TDF (2002), "Test and design methods for steel fibre reinforced concrete: bending test", Mater. Struct., 25(253), 4.
  21. Smolcic, Z. and Ozbolt, J. (2017), "Meso scale model for fiber-reinforced-concrete: Microplane based approach", Comput. Concrete, 19(4), 375-385. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2017.19.4.375.
  22. Wu, T., Sun, L., Wei, H. and Liu, X. (2021), "Uniaxial performance of circular hybrid fibre-reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete columns", Eng. Struct., 238, 112263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112263.
  23. Wu, Z., Zhang, J., Fang, Q., Yu, H. and Ma, H. (2021), "3D mesoscopic modelling on the dynamic properties of coral aggregate concrete under direct tension", Eng. Fract. Mech., 247(4), 107636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2021.107636.
  24. Yang, T., Liechti, K.M. and Huang, R. (2020), "A multiscale cohesive zone model for rate-dependent fracture of interfaces", J. Mech. Phys. Solid., 145(12), 104142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2020.104142.
  25. Zhang, R., Jin, L. and Du, X. (2021), "Three-dimensional mesoscale modelling of failure of steel fiber reinforced concrete at room and elevated temperatures", Constr. Build. Mater., 278(4), 122368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122368.
  26. Vahidi Pashaki, P., Pouya, M. and Maleki ,V.A. (2018), "High-speed cryogenic machining of the carbon nanotube reinforced nanocomposites: Finite element analysis and simulation", Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part C: J. Mech. Eng. Sci., 232(11), 1927-1936. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954406217714012.