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Changes in isomaltooligosaccharides during fermentation of Makgeolli

막걸리 발효 중 이소말토올리고당의 변화

  • Noh, Dong-Hyun (Fermented & Processed Food Science Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences) ;
  • Jeong, Seok-Tae (Fermented & Processed Food Science Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences) ;
  • Park, Boram (Fermented & Processed Food Science Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences) ;
  • Kim, Yong-suk (Department of Food Science & Technology, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Lim, Bora (Fermented & Processed Food Science Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences)
  • 노동현 (국립농업과학원 발효가공식품과) ;
  • 정석태 (국립농업과학원 발효가공식품과) ;
  • 박보람 (국립농업과학원 발효가공식품과) ;
  • 김용석 (전북대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 임보라 (국립농업과학원 발효가공식품과)
  • Received : 2022.02.07
  • Accepted : 2022.05.11
  • Published : 2022.06.30

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the differences in the isomaltooligosaccharides present during Makgeolli production according to the type of Nuruk used, fermentation period, and presence of microorganisms. Makgeolli was fermented for 15 days using three kinds of Nuruk (Soyul, Sansung, and Jinju) with and without microbial growth inhibitors. Isomaltooligosaccharide contents were analyzed using high performance anion exchange chromatography. The most abundant isomaltooligosaccharide was panose, which was highest in Makgeolli produced using Soyul Nuruk (SH) on day 6 (24.7 mM), followed by Makgeolli prepared using Sansung Nuruk (SS) on day 2 (18.2 mM) and Makgeolli prepared using Jinju Nuruk (JJ) on day 3 (10.8 mM). Isomaltotriose and isomaltotetraose, which were generated in the control, were not detected when microbial growth was suppressed. Based on these results, isomaltooligosaccharide production is affected more by the enzymes produced by microorganisms during Makgeolli fermentation than by Nuruk itself.

막걸리 발효 양조에 사용되는 누룩의 종류는 발효 온도와 기간에 따라 다르며, 전분분해효소의 활성 차이로 막걸리 발효 중 생성되는 구성당의 조성 및 함량이 다르기 때문에 본 연구에서는 TG에 따라 이소말토올리고당이 어떻게 생성되며, 발효기간에 따라 생성되는 이소말토올리고당의 변화와 최대 함량 시기를 확인하고 막걸리의 이소말토올리고당 생성에 누룩 미생물이 미치는 영향에 대해 연구하였다. 소율누룩 막걸리(SH), 산성누룩 막걸리(SS), 진주누룩 막걸리(JJ) 모두 발효 0일차 이후 유기산의 생성으로 총산은 증가하고, pH는 감소하였다. 알코올은 모든 처리구에서 발효 2-5일차까지 급격하게 증가하였으며, 이후 15일차까지 완만하게 증가하는 경향을 확인할 수 있었다. 알코올 생성에 영향을 미치는 glucose는 1일차 SS에서 14.3%로 SH와 JJ보다 높은 값이 측정되었는데, SH의 1.5%보다 9배 이상 높게 확인되었다. SH, SS, JJ는 발효 중 maltose와 maltotriose가 기질로 사용되어 panose가 증가하는 사실을 확인할 수 있었으며, panose의 생성과 동시에 isomaltose의 생성도 확인되었다. SH의 panose 함량은 6일차에 24.7 mM로 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었으며, SS은 2일차에 18.2 mM, JJ는 3일차에 10.8 mM로 각각 최고 함량을 나타냈다. 누룩별 막걸리의 올리고당 함량을 보면 SH에서만 maltopentose가 검출되었으며, 발효 종료 15일차에는 말토올리고당과 이소말토올리고당이 확인되었지만 JJ에서는 isomaltotriose만 검출되었으며, SS에서는 올리고당이 나타나지 않았다. β-Amylase 활성을 분석한 결과 JJ의 효소활성이 1일차에 1.5 unit/g으로 다른 두 개의 누룩 막걸리보다 높게 나타났으며 다음으로는 0.9 unit/g으로 SH, 0.7 unit/g SS의 순서로 나타났다. 이는 maltose의 1일차 함량과 같은 경향으로 측정되었다. 세 종류의 막걸리 발효 0일차 TG를 분석한 결과 SH에서 TG의 활성은 0.2 unit/mL로 다른 누룩 막걸리보다 훨씬 높은 효소활성 값을 나타내고 있으며, SS는 0.1 unit/mL로 0.03 unit/mL의 JJ와 활성 차이를 보이며, 0일차 이후 SS이 감소하면서 JJ와 비슷한 수치를 유지하며 발효가 진행되었다. 발효 중 미생물의 생육유무에 따른 이소말토올리고당의 생성을 분석한 결과 미생물이 생성하는 TG 전이효소에 의해서 긴 사슬의 이소말토올리고당이 생성된다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 이소말토올리고당의 생성은 누룩 자체의 효소보다 막걸리 발효 중 생육하는 미생물의 영향이 더 큰 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 국립농업과학원 기관고유사업(과제번호: PJ01585501)의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것이며, 연구비 지원에 감사드립니다.

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