Nuclear Engineering and Technology

Korean Nuclear Society (한국원자력학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Radioactive waste sampling for characterisation - A Bayesian upgrade

  • Pyke, Caroline K. (National Nuclear Laboratory) ;
  • Hiller, Peter J. (National Nuclear Laboratory) ;
  • Koma, Yoshikazu (Japan Atomic Energy Agency) ;
  • Ohki, Keiichi (Japan Atomic Energy Agency)
  • Received : 2021.01.09
  • Accepted : 2021.07.27
  • Published : 2022.01.25
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Presented in this paper is a methodology for combining a Bayesian statistical approach with Data Quality Objectives (a structured decision-making method) to provide increased levels of confidence in analytical data when approaching a waste boundary. Development of sampling and analysis plans for the characterisation of radioactive waste often use a simple, one pass statistical approach as underpinning for the sampling schedule. Using a Bayesian statistical approach introduces the concept of Prior information giving an adaptive sample strategy based on previous knowledge. This aligns more closely with the iterative approach demanded of the most commonly used structured decision-making tool in this area (Data Quality Objectives) and the potential to provide a more fully underpinned justification than the more traditional statistical approach. The approach described has been developed in a UK regulatory context but is translated to a waste stream from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station to demonstrate how the methodology can be applied in this context to support decision making regarding the ultimate disposal option for radioactive waste in a more global context.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors wish to thank Amanda Lindsay (NNL) who complied the data, kindly provided by JAEA, into the data set used to develop this approach. This paper includes a part of the results obtained in the work of "research and development for processing and disposal of solids waste" based on the budget of countermeasures for decommissioning and contaminated water treatment, which was entrusted to International Research Institute for Nuclear Decommissioning (IRID) from Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), Japan.

References

  1. Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, Nuclear Decommissioning Agency, "2019 UK Radioactive Waste Inventory, Nuclear Decommissioning Agency, 2019.
  2. Defra, DTI and the Devolved Administrations, Policy for the Long-Term Management of Solid Radioactive Waste in the united kingdom", 2007.
  3. Official Journal of the European Union, "DIRECTIVE 2008/98/EC of the EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT and of the COUNCIL - on Waste and Repealing Certain Directives", 2008.
  4. LLWR Repository Limited, "Very Low-Level Waste Services Guidance. WSCGuidance-V-001, 2017.
  5. The Inter-Ministerial Council for Contaminated Water and Decommissioning Issues, Mid-and-Long-Term roadmap towards the decommissioning of TEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station" the 5th revision," 27 december 2019 [Online]. Available, https://www.meti.go.jp/english/earthquake/nuclear/decommissioning/index.html.
  6. Y. Koma, A. Shibata, T. Ashida, "Radioactive contamination of several materials following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station accident, Nucl. Mater. Energy 10 (2017) 35-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2016.08.015
  7. EPA, Guidance on Systematic Planning Using the Data Quality Objectives Process," EPA QA/G-4, 2006.
  8. DEFRA, Defra Circular 01/2006, Environmental Protection Act 1990: Part 2A, Contaminated Land, Sept 2006 (England); Scottish Executive, Paper SE/2006/44, Environmental Protection Act 1990: Part IIA, Contaminated Land Statutory Guidance: Edition 2, DEFRA, 2006.
  9. CL: AIRE, Contaminated land: applications in real environments), [online], Available: https://www.claire.co.uk/.
  10. M.H. Ramsey, "Improving the Reliability of Contaminated Land Assessment Using Statistical Methods: Part 1 - Basic Principles and Concepts, CL: AIRE Technical Bulletin TB7, 2004.
  11. G. Li, M. Taljaard, E.R. Van den Heuvel, M.A. Levine, D.J. Cook, G.A. Wells, P.J. Devereaux, L. Thabane, "An Introduction to multiplicity issues in clinical trials: the what, why, when and how, Int. J. Epidemiol. 46 (2) (2017) 746-755. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyw320
  12. R Core Team, "R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing," R Core Team, Vienna, Austria, 2013 [Online]. Available, http://www.R-project.org/.
  13. M. Plummer, "JAGS version 4.3.0 user manual," 2017 28 june. [Online]. Available: people.stat.sc.edu/hansont/stat740/jags_user_manual.pdf.
  14. J. Kruschke, " bayesian estimation Supersedes the t test, J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 142 (2) (2013) 573-603. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029146
  15. J.K. Kruschke, M. Meredith, "BEST: Bayesian Estimation Supersedes the T-Test. R Package Version 0.5.1, 2018 [Online] Available, https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=BEST.
  16. TEPCO, "Status on Management of Sort of Rubble, Tree Cut Down, Used Protective Clothing, and So on (As of 28th February 2019)," in 64th Secretariat Meeting of the Team for Countermeasures against Decommissioning and Contaminated Water Treatment, 2019.
  17. Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc, Waste storage management plan of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station," July (in Japanese) 2019. [Online], Available, https://www.meti.go.jp/earthquake/nuclear/decommissioning/committee/osensuitaisakuteam/2019/06/3-4-5.pdf.
  18. International Research Institute for Nuclear Decommissioning, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Analysis of Radioactivity of Rubble and Felled Tree Sampled at the Site of Fukushima Daiichi NPS" Team for Countermeasures for Decommissioning and Contaminated Water Treatment, 2nd Secretariat Meeting, 30 January 2014, 2014 (in Japanese). [Online]. Available, http://www.meti.go.jp/earthquake/nuclear/20140130_01.html.
  19. S. Hashimoto, S. Ugawa, K. Nanko, K. Shichi, "The total amounts of radioactively contaminated materials in forests in Fukushima, Japan,", Sci Rep. 2 (2012) 416. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep00416
  20. K. Iijima, H. Funaki, T. Tokizawa, S. Nakayama, in: "Distribution of Radioactive Cesium in Trees and Effect of Decontamination of Forest Contaminated by the Fukushima Nuclear Accident," in ICEM2013-ASME 2013: 15. International Conference, 2013.
  21. S. Champely, "pwr: basic functions for power analysis. R package version 1.3-0 [Online] Available, https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=pwr, 2020.