Safety and Health at Work

Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (산업안전보건연구원)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Epidemiology of Urolithiasis with Sex and Working Status Stratification Based on the National Representative Cohort in Republic of Korea

  • Jun Heo (College of Medicine, Gachon University) ;
  • Jeongmin Son (College of Medicine, Gachon University) ;
  • Wanhyung Lee (Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine)
  • Received : 2021.02.14
  • Accepted : 2022.07.17
  • Published : 2022.12.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to estimate the annual prevalence and incidence of urolithiasis stratified by work status based on a large nationwide sample. Methods: This study used data from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort from 2002 to 2015. The prevalence and incidence of urolithiasis were estimated based on work status and gender stratification. The risk of urolithiasis among workers was calculated using age-standardized incidence ratio with stratification of work type. Results: The prevalence of urolithiasis was significantly higher in workers than in non-workers, especially men, during the follow-up period. The total estimated number of urolithiasis cases was 41,086 and the overall incidence of urolithiasis was 0.3%. The age-standardized incidence ratio of urolithiasis was significantly higher among the total workers (1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-1.16), self-employed workers (1.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.11), and paid workers (1.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-1.21) than among the non-working population. Conclusions: Workers, especially paid workers and men, were vulnerable to urolithiasis. Further studies are required to investigate the effects of working conditions on urolithiasis.

Keywords

References

  1. Pak CYC. Etiology and treatment of urolithiasis. Am J Kidney Dis 1991;18:624-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0272-6386(12)80602-0. 
  2. Alelign T, Petros B. Kidney stone disease: an update on current concepts. Adv Urol 2018;2018:3068365. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3068365. 
  3. Lingeman JE, Saywell Jr RM, Woods JR, Newman DM. Cost analysis of extra-corporeal shock wave lithotripsy relative to other surgical and nonsurgical treatment alternatives for urolithiasis. Med Care 1986;24:1151-60. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-198612000-00007. 
  4. Rule AD, Roger VL, Melton J, Bergstralh EJ, Li X, Peyser PA, Krambeck AE, Lieske JC. Kidney stones associate with increased risk for myocardial infarction. J Am Soc Nephrol 2010;21:1641-4. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2010030253. 
  5. Angell J, Bryant M, Tu H, Goodman M, Pattaras J, Ogan K. Association of depression and urolithiasis. Urology 2012;79:518-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2011.10.007. 
  6. Miyaoka R, Alvarado OO, Kriedberg C, Alanee S, Chotikawanich E, Monga M. Correlation between stress and kidney stone disease. J Endourol 2011;26:551-5. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2010.0536. 
  7. Sigurjonsdottir VK, Runolfsdottir HL, Indridason OS, Palsson R, Edvaedsson VO. Impact of nephrolithiasis on kidney function. BMC Nephrol 2015;16:149. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-015-0126-1. 
  8. El-Zoghby ZM, Lieske JC, Foley RN, Bergstralh EJ, Li X, Melton J, Krambeck AE, Rule AD. Urolithiasis and the risk of ESRD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2012;7:1409-15. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.03210312. 
  9. Johnson CM, Wilson DM, O'Fallon WM, Malek RS, Kurland LT. Renal stone epidemiology: a 25-year study in Rochester, Minnesota. Kidney Int 1979;16:624-31. https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.1979.173. 
  10. Taylor EN, Stampfer MJ, Curhan GC. Obesity, weight gain, and the risk of kidney stones. JAMA 2005;293:455-62. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.293.4.455. 
  11. Gambaro G, Fabris A, Puliatta D, Lupo A. Lithiasis in cystic kidney disease and malformations of the urinary tract. Urol Res 2006;34:102-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-005-0019-z. 
  12. Curhan GC, Curhan SG. Dietary factors and kidney stone formation. Compr Ther 1994;20:485-9. 
  13. Atan L, Andreoni C, Ortiz V, Koga Silva E, Pitta R, Atan F, Srougi M. High kidney stone risk in men working in steel industry at hot temperatures. Urology 2005;65:858-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2004.11.048. 
  14. Lopez M, Hoppe B. History, epidemiology and regional diversities of urolithiasis. Pediatr Nephrol 2010;25:49-59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-008-0960-5. 
  15. Ramello A, Vitale C, Marangella M. Epidemiology of nephrolithiasis. J Nephrol 2000;13:S45-50. 
  16. Bae SR, Seong JM, Kim LY, Paick SH, Kim HG, Lho YS, Park HK. The epidemiology of reno-ureteral stone disease in Koreans: a nationwide population-based study. Urolithiasis 2014;42:109-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-014-0643-6. 
  17. Jarup L, Elinder CG. Incidence of renal stones among cadmium exposed battery workers. Br J Indust Med 1993;50:598-602. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.50.7.598. 
  18. Scott R, Cunningham C, McLelland A, Fell GS, Fitzgerald-Finch OP, McKellar N. The importance of cadmium as a factor in calcified upper urinary tract stone disease-a prospective 7-year study. Br J Urol 1982;54:584-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.1982.tb13601.x. 
  19. Laitinen J, Liesivuori J, Savolainen H. Urinary alkoxyacetic acids and renal effects of exposure to ethylene glycol ethers. Occup Environ Med 1996;53:595-600. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.53.9.595. 
  20. Laerum E, Aarseth S. Urolithiasis in railroad shopmen in relation to oxalic acid exposure at work. Scand J Work Environ Health 1985;11:97-100. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.2241. 
  21. Tang X, Li N, Dubois AM, Gong Z, Wu B, Lai G, Yang A, Ruan X, Gao H, Zhu G, Ge Y, Zhang J, Lin Z, Olson JR, Ren X. Chronic low level trimethyltin exposure and the risk of developing nephrolithiasis. Occup Environ Med 2013;70:561-7. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2012-101261. 
  22. Borghi L, Meschi T, Amato F, Novarini A, Romanelli A, Cigala F. Hot occupation and nephrolithiasis. J Urol 1993;150:1757-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)35887-1. 
  23. Tasian GE, Pulido JE, Gasparrini A, Saigal CS, Horton BP, Landia JR, Madison R, Keren R., Urologic Diseases in America Project. Daily mean temperature and clinical kidney stone presentation in five U.S. metropolitan areas: a time-series analysis. Environ Health Perspect 2014;122:1081-7. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307703. 
  24. Garcia-Trabanino R, Jarquin E, Wesseling C, Johnson RJ, Quiroz MG, Weiss I, Glaser J, Vindell JJ, Stockfelt L, Roncal C, Harra T, Barregard L. Heat stress, dehydration, and kidney function in sugarcane cutters in El Salvador-a cross-shift study of workers at risk of Mesoamerican nephropathy. Environ Res 2015;142:746-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2015.07.007. 
  25. Tawatsupa B, Lim LLY, Kjellstrom T, Seubsman S, Sleigh A., Thai Cohort Study Team. Association between occupational heat stress and kidney disease among 37 816 workers in the Thai Cohort Study (TCS). J Epidemiol 2012;22:251-60. https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.je20110082. 
  26. Chang MA, Goldfarb DS. Occupational risk for nephrolithiasis and bladder dysfunction in a chauffeur. Urol Res 2004;32:41-3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-003-0373-7. 
  27. Lee W, Kang MY, Kim J, Lim SS, Yoon JH. Cancer risk in road transportation workers: a national representative cohort study with 600,000 person-years of follow-up. Sci Rep 2020;10:11331. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68242-5. 
  28. Park HK, Bae SR, Kim SE, Choi WS, Paick SH, Ho K, Kim HG, Lho YS. The effect of climate variability on urinary stone attacks: increased incidence associated with temperature over 18℃: a population-based study. Urolithiasis 2015;43:89-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-014-0741-5. 
  29. Mass AY, Goldfarb DS, Shah O. Taxicab syndrome: a review of the extensive genitourinary pathology experienced by taxicab drivers and what we can do to help. Rev Urol 2014;16:99-104.