Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine

The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine (대한생식의학회)
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Evaluation of polyglycolic acid as an animal-free biomaterial for three-dimensional culture of human endometrial cells

  • Sadegh Amiri (Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Zohreh Bagher (ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Azadeh Akbari Sene (Shahid Akbar Abadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Reza Aflatoonian (Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility at Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine) ;
  • Mehdi Mehdizadeh (Reproductive Sciences and Technology Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Iran University of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Peiman Broki Milan (Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Leila Ghazizadeh (National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran) ;
  • Mahnaz Ashrafi (Shahid Akbar Abadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences) ;
  • FatemehSadat Amjadi (Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences)
  • Received : 2022.02.28
  • Accepted : 2022.08.22
  • Published : 2022.12.31
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Abstract

Objective: Animal-free scaffolds have emerged as a potential foundation for consistent, chemically defined, and low-cost materials. Because of its good potential for high biocompatibility with reproductive tissues and well-characterized scaffold design, we investigated whether polyglycolic acid (PGA) could be used as an animal-free scaffold instead of natural fibrin-agarose, which has been used successfully for three-dimensional human endometrial cell culture. Methods: Isolated primary endometrial cells was cultured on fibrin-agarose and PGA polymers and evaluated various design parameters, such as scaffold porosity and mean fiber diameter. Cytotoxicity, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and immunostaining experiments were conducted to examine cell activity on fabricated scaffolds. Results: The MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay and SEM results showed that endometrial cells grew and proliferated on both scaffolds. Immunostaining showed cytokeratin and vimentin expression in seeded cells after 7 days of culture. On both scaffolds, an epithelial arrangement of cultured cells was found on the top layer and stromal arrangement matrix on the bottom layer of the scaffolds. Therefore, fibrin-agarose and PGA scaffolds successfully mimicked the human endometrium in a way suitable for in vitro analysis. Conclusion: Both fibrin-agarose and PGA scaffolds could be used to simulate endometrial structures. However, because of environmental and ethical concerns and the low cost of synthetic polymers, we recommend using PGA as a synthetic polymer for scaffolding in research instead of natural biomaterials.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to express their special gratitude to members of the Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences. Moreover, the authors also would like to acknowledge all staff at Shahid Akbar Abadi Hospitals, without whose cooperation this process could not have been completed.

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