Earthquakes and Structures

  • 제22권5호
  • /
  • Pages.487-502
  • /
  • 2022
  • /
  • 2092-7614(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2092-7622(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Performance-based seismic evaluation and practical retrofit techniques for buildings in China

  • Wang, Hao (Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration) ;
  • Sun, Baitao (Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration) ;
  • Chen, Hongfu (Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration)
  • 투고 : 2021.08.25
  • 심사 : 2022.04.25
  • 발행 : 2022.05.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

China is prone to earthquake disasters, and the higher seismic performance is required by many existing civil buildings. And seismic evaluation and retrofit are effective measures to mitigate seismic hazards. With the development of performance-based seismic design and diverse retrofit technology for buildings, advanced evaluation methods and retrofit strategies are in need. In this paper, we introduced the evolution of seismic performance objectives in China combined with performance-based seismic design. Accordingly, multi-phase evaluation methods and comprehensive seismic capacity assessment are introduced. For buildings with seismic deficiency or higher performance requirements, the retrofit technologies are categorized into three types: component strengthening, system optimization, and passive control. Both engineering property and social property for the retrofit methods are discussed. The traditional seismic retrofit methods usually are costly and disturbing, and for example in Beijing, seismic strengthening costs approx. 1000 RMB/m2 (for 160 USD/m2), for hospital building even more expensive as 5000 RMB/m2(for 790 USD/m2). So cost-efficient and little disturbance methods are promising techniques. In the end, some opinions about the retrofit strategy and schemes category are shared and wish to discuss the situation and future of seismic retrofit in China.

키워드

과제정보

The research described in this paper was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2019YFC1509301), the Scientific Research Fund of Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration (Grant No. 2019EEEV0103), and the Special Fund for China Earthquake Research (Construction of technical support system for houses & facilities rehabilitation project in earthquake-prone areas).

참고문헌

  1. Ahmad, N. (2021), "Force-based seismic design of steel haunch retrofit for RC frames", Earthq. Struct., 20(2), 133-148. https://doi.org/10.12989/EAS.2021.20.2.133.
  2. Bansal, P.P., Kumar, M. and Dar, M.A. (2016), "Retrofitting of exterior RC beam-column joints using ferrocement jackets", Earthq. Struct., 10(2), 313-328. https://doi.org/10.12989/EAS.2016.10.2.313.
  3. Bhattacharya, S., Nayak, S. and Dutta, S.C. (2014), "A critical review of retrofitting methods for unreinforced masonry structures", J. Disaster Risk Reduction, 7, 51-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2013.12.004.
  4. Cheng, S. (2018), Building Seismic Appraisal for Fifty Years in China, China Architecture and Building Press, Beijing, China.
  5. Cheng, S., Shi, T., Tang, C. and Pei, L. (2013), "Study on Relationship Between Yield Strength and Structure Destructiveness", Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Advances in Experimental Structural Engineering, Taipei, China, November.
  6. Cheng, S., Sun, K., Shi, T. and Zhu, Y. (2019), "Method of Determining Seismic Action of Existing Structures for Different Continuing Seismic Service Life", Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Civil, Architecture and Disaster Prevention, Hefei, China, October.
  7. De Risi, M. T., Del Vecchio, C., Ricci, P., Di Ludovico, M., Prota, A. and Verderame, G. M. (2020), "Light FRP strengthening of poorly detailed reinforced concrete exterior beam-column joints", J. Compos. Construction, 24(3), 04020014. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0001022.
  8. Sun, D., Sun, B., Chen, H. and Wang, X. (2008), "Estimation Method of Seismic Damage Prediction of Single Building", Proceedings of the 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Beijing, China, October.
  9. Ganesh, P. and Murthy, A.R. (2019), "Repair, retrofitting and rehabilitation techniques for strengthening of reinforced concrete beams -A review", Adv. Concrete Construct., 8(2), 101-117. https://doi.org/10.12989/acc.2019.8.2.101.
  10. Kabeyasawa, T., Kabeyasawa, T., Matsumori, T., Kabeyasawa, T. and Kim, Y. (2008), "Shake table test on a full-scale three-story reinforced concrete building structure", J. Sturct. Construct. Eng., 73(632), 1833-1840. https://doi.org/10.3130/aijs.73.1833.
  11. Kalogeropoulos, G. and Tsonos, A.D. (2020), "Cyclic performance of RC columns with inadequate lap splices strengthened with CFRP jackets", Fibers, 8(6), 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib8060039.
  12. Karayannis, C.G. and Golias, E. (2018), "Full scale tests of RC joints with minor to moderate seismic damage repaired using C-FRP sheets", Earthq. Struct., 15(6), 617-627. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2018.15.6.617.
  13. Karayannis, C.G. and Golias, E. (2021), "Strengthening of deficient RC joints with diagonally placed external C-FRP ropes", Earthq. Struct., 20(1), 123-132. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2021.20.1.123.
  14. Kurosawa, R., Fujiwara, T. and Tanabe, K. (2012), "Case study of seismic reinforcement of apartment buildings by PCaPC external frame seismic reinforcement method", Concrete J., 50(6), 540-540. https://doi.org/10.3151/coj.50.540.
  15. Mayorca, P. and Meguro, K. (2003), "Proposal of a new economic retrofitting method for masonry structures", JSCE J. Earthq. Eng., 27, 123. https://doi.org/10.11532/proee2003.27.123.
  16. Mayorca, P., Sathiparan, N., Guragain, R. and Meguro, K. (2006), "Comparison of the Seismic Performance of Different Strength Masonry Structures Retrofitted with PP-band Meshes", Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on New Technologies for Urban Safety of Mega Cities in Asia, Phuket, Thailand, November.
  17. Umemura, H., Okada, T. and Murakami, M. (1980), "Seismic Judgement Index Values for Guidelines for Evaluation of Seismic Capacity of R/C Buildings", Proceedings of Annual Convention of Architectural Institute of Japan, October.
  18. Pohoryles, D.A., Melo, J., Rossetto, T., Varum, H. and Bisby, L. (2019), "Seismic retrofit schemes with FRP for deficient RC beam-column joints: state-of-the-art review", J. Compos. Construction, 23(4), 03119001. https://doi.org/10/gncpjq. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000950
  19. Qu, Z. and Zhang, L. (2013), "State of the art and development tendency of seismic retrofit for reinforced concrete structures in Japan", Earthq. Eng. Eng. Dynam., 33(04), 61-74. https://doi.org/10.11810/1000-1301.20130408.
  20. Smyrou, E. (2015), "FRP versus traditional strengthening on a typical mid-rise Turkish RC building", Earthq. Struct., 9(5), 1069-1089. https://doi.org/10.12989/EAS.2015.9.5.1069.
  21. Sun, B., Huang, P., Yao, X. and Zhou, Q. (2018), "Seismic test research of typical single story masonry retrofitted with PP-band in Tibet", World Earthq. Eng., 34(01), 40-50. https://doi.org/CNKI:SUN:SJDC.0.2018-01-006.
  22. Takeuchi, T., Yasuda, K. and Iwata, M. (2006), "Studies on integrated building facade engineering with high-performance structural elements", Assoc. Bridge Struct. Eng., 92, 33-40. https://doi.org/10.2749/222137806796185526.
  23. Tanaka, K., Araki, G., Sekiguchi, T. and Hayashida, N. (2005), "Introduction of technology of external seismic reinforcement method using oblique PC steel material", Concrete J., 43(6), 14-19. https://doi.org/10.3151/coj1975.43.6_14. (in Japanese)
  24. Tsonos, A.G. (2002), "Seismic repair of reinforced concrete beam-column subassemblages of modern structures by epoxy injection technique", Struct. Eng. Mech., 14(5), 543-563. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2002.14.5.543.
  25. Tsonos, A.G. (2014), "An innovative solution for strengthening of old R/C structures and for improving the FRP strengthening method", Struct. Monitoring Maintenance, 1(3), 323-338. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/smm.2014.1.3.323.
  26. Verderame, G.M., De Risi, M.T. and Ricci, P. (2018), "Experimental Investigation of Exterior Unreinforced Beam-Column Joints with Plain and Deformed Bars". J. Earthq. Eng., 22(3), 404-434. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2016.1233917.
  27. Wada, A., Qu, Z., Ito, H., Motoyui, S., Sakata, H. and Kasai, K. (2009), "Seismic retrofit using rocking walls and steel dampers", Proceedings of the ATC/SEI Conference on Improving the Seismic Performance of Existing Buildings and Other Structures, San Francisco, December.