Geomechanics and Engineering

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Improvement of the geotechnical engineering properties of dune sand using a plant-based biopolymer named serish

  • Shabani, Khosro (Department of civil engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology) ;
  • Bahmani, Maysam (Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, University of Alabama) ;
  • Fatehi, Hadi (School of Engineering & Built Environment, Griffith University) ;
  • Chang, Ilhan (Department of Civil Systems Engineering, Ajou University)
  • Received : 2021.11.27
  • Accepted : 2022.03.01
  • Published : 2022.06.10
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Recently, the construction industry has focused on eco-friendly materials instead of traditional materials due to their harmful effects on the environment. To this end, biopolymers are among proper choices to improve the geotechnical behavior of problematic soils. In the current study, serish biopolymer is introduced as a new binder for the purpose of sand improvement. Serish is a natural polysaccharide extracted from the roots of Eremurus plant, which mainly contains inulins. The effect of serish biopolymer on sand treatment has been investigated through performing unconfined compressive strength (UCS), California bearing ratio (CBR), as well as wind erosion tests. The results demonstrated that serish increased the compressive strength of dune sand in both terms of UCS and CBR. Also, wind erosion resistance of the sand was considerably improved as a result of treatment with serish biopolymer. A microstructural study was also conducted via SEM images; it can be seen that serish coated the sand particles and formed a strong network.

Keywords

References

  1. 2020 in Review (2021), "Global Temperature Rankings", https://medialibrary.climatecentral.org/resources/2020-inreview-global-temperature-rankings.
  2. Alamdari, P., Nematollahi, O. and Mirhosseini, M. (2012), "Assessment of wind energy in Iran: A review", Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 16(1), 836-860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.09.007.
  3. AlKarni, A. and ElKholy, S.M. (2012), "Improving geotechnical properties of dune sands through cement stabilization", J. Eng. Comput. Sci., 5(1), 1-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.4543.0245.
  4. Alsanad, A. (2011), Novel biopolymer treatment for wind induced soil erosion, Arizona State University.
  5. ASTM (1883), "D. ASTM, Standard test method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of laboratory-compacted soils, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, vol. 4, 1883".
  6. ASTM (1991), "D. ASTM, 2166. Standard test method for unconfined compressive strength of cohesive soil, ed: ASTM International, 1991".
  7. ASTM (2005), "Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass", West Conshohocken: American Society for Testing & Materials. 2216.
  8. Ayeldeen, M., Negm, A., El-Sawwaf, M. and Kitazume, M. (2017), "Enhancing mechanical behaviors of collapsible soil using two biopolymers", J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng., 9(2), 329-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2016.11.007.
  9. Bahmani, M., Fatehi, H., Noorzad, A. and Hamedi, J. (2019), "Biological soil improvement using new environmental bacteria isolated from northern Iran", Environ. Geotech., 40, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1680/jenge.18.00176.
  10. Bahmani, M., Noorzad, A., Hamedi, J. and Sali, F. (2017), "The role of bacillus pasteurii on the change of parameters of sands according to temperatur compresion and wind erosion resistance", J. CleanWAS. 1(2), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.02.2017.01.05.
  11. Cement Hazards (2001), "Cement Hazards and Controls Health Risks and Precautions in Using Portland Cement", https://elcosh.org/document/1563/d000513/cement-hazardsand-controls-health-risks-and-precautions-in-using-portlandcement.html.
  12. Chang, I. and Cho, G.C. (2012), "Strengthening of Korean residual soil with β-1, 3/1, 6-glucan biopolymer", Constr. Build. Mater., 30, 30-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.11.030.
  13. Chang, I. and Cho, G.C. (2019), "Shear strength behavior and parameters of microbial gellan gum-treated soils: from sand to clay", Acta Geotechnica, 14(2), 361-375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-018-0641-x.
  14. Chang, I., Im, J. and Cho, G.C. (2016), "Geotechnical engineering behaviors of gellan gum biopolymer treated sand", Can. Geotech. J., 53(10), 1658-1670. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj2015-0475.
  15. Chang, I., Im, J. and Cho, G.C. (2016), "Introduction of microbial biopolymers in soil treatment for future environmentally-friendly and sustainable geotechnical engineering", Sustainability. 8(3), 251. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8030251.
  16. Chang, I., Im, J., Chung, M.K. and Cho, G.C. (2018), "Bovine casein as a new soil strengthening binder from diary wastes", Constr. Build. Mater., 160, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.11.009.
  17. Chang, I., Im, J., Prasidhi, A.K. and Cho, G.C. (2015), "Effects of Xanthan gum biopolymer on soil strengthening", Constr. Build. Mater., 74, 65-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.10.026.
  18. Chang, I., Lee, M. and Cho, G.C. (2019), "Global CO2 emission-related geotechnical engineering hazards and the mission for sustainable geotechnical engineering", Energies, 12(13), 2567. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12132567.
  19. Chang, I., Prasidhi, A.K., Im, J., Shin, H.D. and Cho, G.C. (2015), "Soil treatment using microbial biopolymers for anti-desertification purposes", Geoderma, 253, 39-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.04.006.
  20. Chen, C., Wu, L., Perdjon, M., Huang, X. and Peng, Y. (2019), "The drying effect on xanthan gum biopolymer treated sandy soil shear strength", Constr. Build. Mater., 197, 271-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.11.120.
  21. Chen, R., Lee, I. and Zhang, L. (2015), "Biopolymer stabilization of mine tailings for dust control", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 141(2), 04014100. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001240.
  22. Dashti, M., Zarif, K.H., Paryab, A. and Tavakoli, H. (2005), "Study of ecological requirements of foxtail lilly (Eremurus Spectabilis MB) in Khorassan", Iran J. Range Desert Res., 12(2), 153-165. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=105126.
  23. Davidovits, J. (2008), Geopolymer chemistry and applications, Geopolymer Institute
  24. Dehghan, H., Tabarsa, A., Latifi, N. and Bagheri, Y. (2019), "Use of xanthan and guar gums in soil strengthening", Clean Technol. Environ. Policy, 21(1), 155-165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-018-1625-0.
  25. Desert Features (2019), "Desert Features. https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/deserts/features.".
  26. Eghtedarnejad, N. and Mansouri, H.R. (2016), "Building wooden panels glued with a combination of natural adhesive of tannin/Eremurus root (syrysh)", Eur. J. Wood Wood Products, 74(2), 269-272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-015-0994-x.
  27. Fatehi, H., Abtahi, S.M., Hashemolhosseini, H. and Hejazi, S.M. (2018), "A novel study on using protein based biopolymers in soil strengthening", Constr. Build. Mater., 167 813-821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.02.028.
  28. Fatehi, H., Bahmani, M. and Noorzad, A. (2019). "Strengthening of dune sand with sodium alginate biopolymer", Geo-Congress 2019: Soil Improvement. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784482117.015.
  29. Fatehi, H., Ong, D.E.L., Yu, J. and Chang, I. (2021), "Biopolymers as green binders for soil improvement in geotechnical applications: A review", Geosci., 11(7), 291. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11070291.
  30. Ghadir, P., Zamanian, M., Mahbubi-Motlagh, N., Saberian, M., Li, J. and Ranjbar, N. (2021), "Shear strength and life cycle assessment of volcanic ash-based geopolymer and cement stabilized soil: A comparative study", Transportation Geotech., 31, 100639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2021.100639.
  31. Gregory, J., AzariJafari, H., Vahidi, E., Guo, F., Ulm, F.-J. and Kirchain, R. (2021), "The role of concrete in life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of US buildings and pavements", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(37). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021936118.
  32. Hataf, N., Ghadir, P. and Ranjbar, N. (2018), "Investigation of soil stabilization using chitosan biopolymer", J. Cleaner Production, 170, 1493-1500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.09.256za.
  33. Jahandari, S., Mohammadi, M., Rahmani, A., Abolhasani, M., Miraki, H., Mohammadifar, L., Kazemi, M., Saberian, M. and Rashidi, M. (2021), "Mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concretes containing silica fume and steel fibres", Materials. 14(22), 7065. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14227065.
  34. Jahandari, S., Mojtahedi, S.F., Zivari, F., Jafari, M., Mahmoudi, M.R., Shokrgozar, A., Kharazmi, S., Vosough Hosseini, B., Rezvani, S. and Jalalifar, H. (2020), "The impact of long-term curing period on the mechanical features of lime-geogrid treated soils", Geomech. Geoeng., 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/17486025.2020.1739753.
  35. Jardine, R., Symes, M. and Burland, J. (1984), "The measurement of soil stiffness in the triaxial apparatus", Geotechnique. 34(3), 323-340. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1984.34.3.323.
  36. Jiang, C., Zhang, H., Zhang, Z. and Wang, D. (2019), "Model-based assessment soil loss by wind and water erosion in China's Loess Plateau: Dynamic change, conservation effectiveness, and strategies for sustainable restoration", Global Planetary Change, 172, 396-413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2018.11.002.
  37. Joga, J.R. and Varaprasad, B. (2019), "Sustainable improvement of expansive clays using xanthan gum as a biopolymer", Civil Eng. J., 5(9), 1893-1903. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091380.
  38. Kamenetsky, R. and Rabinowitch, E. (1999), "Flowering response of Eremurus to post-harvest temperatures", Scientia horticulturae. 79(1-2), 75-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(98)00181-2.
  39. Kavazanjian Jr, E., Iglesias, E. and Karatas, I. (2009). "Biopolymer soil stabilization for wind erosion control", Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (Volumes 1, 2, 3 and 4). https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-031-5-881.
  40. Kazemi, M., Courard, L. and Hubert, J. (2022), "Coarse recycled materials for the drainage and substrate layers of green roof system in dry condition: Parametric study and thermal heat transfer", J. Build. Eng., 45, 103487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103487.
  41. Khatami, H.R. and O'Kelly, B.C. (2013), "Improving mechanical properties of sand using biopolymers", Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. 139(8), 1402-1406. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000861.
  42. Khorasani, M., Yousefi, A. and ERSHAD, L.A. (2006), "Viscoelastic Behaviour of Asphodel-Borax Gels", Iran J. Polymer Sci. Tech., 19(1), 3-11. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=61232.
  43. Kohkesh, N., Samanian, K. and Afsharpour, M. (2019), "Investigation of improvement of viscosity and viscidity of Eremurus (Serish) herbal adhesive, for paper restoration aim", Ganjine-ye Asnad., 29(2), 124-148. https://dx.doi.org/10.22034/ganj.2019.2363.
  44. Koohkesh, N., Samanian, K. and Afsharpour, M. (2020), "Eliminating color from Serish (Eremurus) Paste for paper conservation and restoration", J. Cultural Heritage, 44, 53-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2019.11.009.
  45. Krivenko, P. and Kovalchuk, G.Y. (2007), "Directed synthesis of alkaline aluminosilicate minerals in a geocement matrix", J. Mater. Sci., 42(9), 2944-2952. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0528-3.
  46. Kumar, A., Walia, B.S. and Bajaj, A. (2007), "Influence of fly ash, lime, and polyester fibers on compaction and strength properties of expansive soil", J. Mater. Civil Eng., 19(3), 242-248. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2007)19:3(242).
  47. Kuttarmare, H.C., Ramteke, V.D. and Pandey, N.H. (2014), "The conversion of fluid flow into laminar flow device", Int. J. Emerging Eng. Res. Tech., 2(2), 50-53. https://www.academia.edu/download/56082395/8.pdf.
  48. Kwon, Y.M., Chang, I., Lee, M. and Cho, G.C. (2019), "Geotechnical engineering behavior of biopolymer-treated soft marine soil", Geomech. Eng., 17(5), 453-464. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2019.17.5.453.
  49. Kwon, Y.M., Cho, G.C., Chung, M.K. and Chang, I. (2021), "Surface erosion behavior of biopolymer-treated river sand", Geomech. Eng., 25(1), 49-58. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2021.25.1.049.
  50. Kwon, Y.M., Ham, S.M, Kwon, T.H., Cho, G.C. and Chang, I. (2020), "Surface-erosion behaviour of biopolymer-treated soils assessed by EFA", Geotech. Lett., 10(2), 106-112. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgele.19.00106.
  51. Lee, S., Chang, I., Chung, M.K., Kim, Y. and Kee, J. (2017), "Geotechnical shear behavior of xanthan gum biopolymer treated sand from direct shear testing", Geomech. Eng.. 12(5), 831-847. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2017.12.5.831.
  52. Lee, S., Im, J., Cho, G.C. and Chang, I. (2019), "Laboratory triaxial test behavior of xanthan gum biopolymer-treated sands", Geomech. Eng., 17(5), 445-452. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2019.17.5.445.
  53. Li, C., Shi, J.G., Zhang, Y.P. and Zhang, C.Z. (2000), "Constituents of Eremurus chinensis", J. Natural Products, 63(5), 653-656. https://doi.org/10.1021/np9904915.
  54. Lim, T., Ellis, B.R. and Skerlos, S.J. (2019), "Mitigating CO2 emissions of concrete manufacturing through CO2-enabled binder reduction", Environ. Res. Lett., 14(11), 114014. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/17489326/ab466e/meta.
  55. Miraki, H., Shariatmadari, N., Ghadir, P., Jahandari, S., Tao, Z. and Siddique, R. (2021), "Clayey soil stabilization using alkali-activated volcanic ash and slag", J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2021.08.012.
  56. Mohanty, A.K., Misra, M. and Drzal, L. (2002), "Sustainable bio-composites from renewable resources: opportunities and challenges in the green materials world", J. Polymers Environ., 10(1), 19-26. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021013921916.
  57. O'Kelly, B.C. and Naughton, P.J. (2008), "Local measurements of the polar deformation response in a hollow cylinder apparatus", Geomech. Geoeng., 3(4), 217-229. https://doi.org/10.1080/17486020802400981.
  58. Pourfarzad, A., Najafi, M.B.H., Khodaparast, M.H.H. and Khayyat, M.H. (2015), "Serish inulin and wheat biopolymers interactions in model systems as a basis for understanding the impact of inulin on bread properties: a FTIR investigation", J. Fooe Sci. Tech., 52(12), 7964-7973. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-015-1939-4.
  59. Pourfarzad, A., Najafi, M.B.H., Khodaparast, M.H.H., Khayyat, M.H. and Malekpour, A. (2014), "Fractionation of Eremurus spectabilis fructans by ethanol: Box-Behnken design and principal component analysis", Carbohydrate polymers, 106, 374-383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.01.048.
  60. Resources for the Future (2021), "Resources for the Future, Social Cost of Carbon 101. https://www.rff.org/publications/explainers/social-cost-carbon101/".
  61. Sadeghian, F., Jahandari, S., Haddad, A., Rasekh, H. and Li, J. (2021), "Effects of variations of voltage and pH value on the shear strength of soil and durability of different electrodes and piles during electrokinetic phenomenon", J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2021.07.017.
  62. Seo, S., Lee, M., Im, J., Kwon, Y.M., Chung, M.K., Cho, G.C. and Chang, I. (2021), "Site application of biopolymer-based soil treatment (BPST) for slope surface protection: in-situ wet-spraying method and strengthening effect verification", Constr. Build. Mater., 307, 124983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124983.
  63. Shariatmadari, N., Reza, M., Tasuji, A., Ghadir, P. and Javadi, A.A. (2020). "Experimental study on the effect of chitosan biopolymer on sandy soil stabilization", E3S Web of Conferences. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019506007.
  64. Shindell, D.T. (2015), "The social cost of atmospheric release", Climatic Change, 130(2), 313-326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-015-1343-0.
  65. Singh, S.P. and Das, R. (2019), "Geo-engineering properties of expansive soil treated with xanthan gum biopolymer", Geomech. Geoeng., 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/17486025.2019.1632495.
  66. Smitha, S. and Sachan, A. (2016), "Use of agar biopolymer to improve the shear strength behavior of sabarmati sand", Int. J. Geotech. Eng., 10(4), 387-400. https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2016.1152674.
  67. Sofi, M., Van Deventer, J., Mendis, P. and Lukey, G. (2007), "Bond performance of reinforcing bars in inorganic polymer concrete (IPC)", J. Mater. Sci., 42(9), 3107-3116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0534-5.
  68. Soldo, A., Miletic, M. and Auad, M.L. (2020), "Biopolymers as a sustainable solution for the enhancement of soil mechanical properties", Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-57135-x.
  69. Vala, M.H., Asgarpanah, J., Hedayati, M.H., Shirali, J. and Bejestani, F.B. (2011), "Antibactrial and cytotoxic activity of Eremurus persicus (Jaub and Spach) Boiss", Afr. J. Microbiol. Res., 16, 2349-2352. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR11.169.
  70. Van de Velde, K. and Kiekens, P. (2002), "Biopolymers: overview of several properties and consequences on their applications", Polymer Test., 21(4), 433-442. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9418(01)00107-6.
  71. Wagner, L.E. (2013), "A history of wind erosion prediction models in the United States Department of Agriculture: The Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS)", Aeolian Res., 10, 9-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2012.10.001.
  72. Wang, Z., Zhang, N., Ding, J., Lu, C. and Jin, Y. (2018), "Experimental study on wind erosion resistance and strength of sands treated with microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation", Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3463298.