Smart Structures and Systems

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Improvement of the amplification gain for a propulsion drives of an electric vehicle with sensor voltage and mechanical speed control

  • Negadi, Karim (L2GEGI Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, University of Tiaret) ;
  • Boudiaf, Mohamed (Department of Electrical Engineering, Ziane Achour University of Djelfa) ;
  • Araria, Rabah (L2GEGI Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, University of Tiaret) ;
  • Hadji, Lazreg (Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tiaret)
  • Received : 2021.03.16
  • Accepted : 2022.01.27
  • Published : 2022.05.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this paper, an electric vehicle drives with efficient control and low cost hardware using four quadrant DC converter with Permanent Magnet Direct Current (PMDC) motor fed by DC boost converter is presented. The main idea of this work is to improve the energy efficiency of the conversion chain of an electric vehicle by inserting a boost converter between the battery and the four quadrant-DC motor chopper assembly. Consequently, this method makes it possible to maintain the amplification gain of the 4 quadrant chopper constant regardless of the battery voltage drop and even in the presence of a fault in the battery. One of the most important control problems is control under heavy uncertainty conditions. The higher order sliding mode control technique is introduced for the adjustment of DC bus voltage and mechanical motor speed. To implement the proposed approach in the automotive field, experimental tests were carried out. The performances obtained show the usefulness of this system for a better energy management of an electric vehicle and an ideal control under different operating conditions and constraints, mostly at nominal operation, in the presence of a load torque, when reversing the direction of rotation of the motor speed and even in case of battery chamber failure. The whole system has been tested experimentally and its performance has been analyzed.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Algeria's Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. This work was supported by L2GEGI laboratory at the University of Tiaret (Algeria) in collaboration with Department of automation and information, University of Cassino, Italy.

References

  1. Adel, Z., Hamou, A.A. and Abdellatif, S. (2018), "Design of real-time PID tracking controller using Arduino Mega 2560 for a permanent magnet DC motor under real disturbances", Proceedings of International Conference on Electrical Sciences and Technologies in Maghreb (CISTEM), 1-5.
  2. Araria, R., Negadi, K., Boudiaf, M. and Marignetti, F. (2020), "Non-linear control of DC-DC converters for battery power management in electric vehicle application", Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, 82-88. https://doi.org/10.15199/48.2020.03.20.
  3. Bagheri, M.R., Mosayebi, M., Mahdian, A. and Keshavarzi, A. (2018), "Weighted sum Pareto optimization of a three dimensional passenger vehicle suspension model using NSGA-II for ride comfort and ride safety", Smart Struct. Syst., 22(4), 469-479. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2018.22.4.469.
  4. Berigai Ramaiaha, A., Maurya, R. and Arya, S.R. (2018), "Bidirectional converter for electric vehicle battery charging with power quality features", Int. Trans. Elec. Energy Syst., 28(9), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1002/etep.2589.
  5. Bhajana, V.V.S.K., Drabek, P. and Thumma, R. (2019), "Analysis and design of a high gain non-isolated zero current switching bidirectional DC-DC converter for electric vehicles", Automatika: J. Control Measur. Electro. Comput. Commun., 60(1), 79-90. https://doi.org/10.1080/00051144.2019.1578915.
  6. Cakar, O. and Tanyildizi, A.K. (2018), "Application of moving sliding mode control for a DC motor driven four-bar mechanism", Adv. Mech. Eng., 10(3), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/1687814018762184.
  7. Djemai, M., Busawon, K., Benmansour, K. and Marouf, A. (2011), "High-order sliding mode control of a DC motor drive via a switched controlled multi-cellular converter", Int. J. Syst. Sci., 42(11), 1869-1882. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207721.2010.545492.
  8. Dursun, E.H., Levent, M.L., Durdu, A. and Aydogdu, O. (2017), "Speed control of a variable loaded DC motor by using sliding mode and iterative learning control", Int. J. Elec. Energy, 5(1), 22-28. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijoee.5.1.22-28.
  9. Garcia-Rodriguez, V.H., Silva-Ortigoza, R., Hernandez-Marquez, E., Garcia-Sanchez, J.R. and Taud, H. (2018), "DC/DC boost converter-inverter as driver for a DC motor: Modeling and experimental verification", Energies, 11(8), 2044. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11082044..
  10. Garcia-Sanchez, J.R., Hernandez-Marquez, E., Ramirez-Morales, J., Marciano-Melchor, M., Marcelino-Aranda, M., Taud, H. and Silva-Ortigoza, R. (2019), "A robust differential flatness-based tracking control for the "MIMO DC/DC Boost converter-inverter-DC motor" system: Experimental results", IEEE Access., 7, 84497-84505. https://doi.org/10.1109/Access.2019.2923701.
  11. Hernandez-Marquez, E., Avila-Rea, C.A., Garcia-Sanchez, J.R., Silva-Ortigoza, R., Silva-Ortigoza, G., Taud, H. and Marcelino-Aranda, M. (2018), "Robust tracking controller for a DC/DC Buck-Boost converter-inverter-DC motor system", Energies, 11(10), 2500. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11102500.
  12. Hoyos, F.E., Candelo-Becerra, J.E. and Rincon, A. (2021), "Zero average dynamic controller for speed control of DC motor", Appl. Sci., 11(12), 5608. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11125608.
  13. Huspeka, J. (2009), "Second order sliding mode control of the DC motor", Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Process Control, Slovakia, June.
  14. Khubalkar, S., Junghare, A., Aware, M. and Das, S. (2017), "Modeling and control of four quadrant chopper fed DC series motor using two-degree of freedom digital fractional order PID controller", Proceedings of 2017 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference, India.
  15. Kiss, J.M., Szemes, P.T. and Aradi, P. (2021), "Sliding mode control of a servo system in LabVIEW Comparing different control methods", Int. Rev. Appl. Sci. Eng., 12(2), 201-210. https://doi.org/10.1556/1848.2021.00250.
  16. Lavanya, M., Brisilla, R.M. and Sankaranarayanan, V. (2012), "Higher order sliding mode control of permanent magnet DC motor", Proceedings of the 12th IEEE Workshop on Variable Structure Systems, Mumbai, India, January.
  17. Moussavi, S.Z., Alasvandi, M. and Javadi, S. (2012), "Speed control of permanent magnet DC motor by using combination of adaptive controller and fuzzy controller", Int. J. Comput. Applicat., 52(20), 11-15.
  18. Nagarajan, R., Sathishkumar, S., Balasubramani, K., Boobalan, C., Naveen, S. and Sridhar, N. (2016), "Chopper fed speed control of DC motor using PI controller", J. Elec. Electro. Eng. (IOSR-JEEE), 11(3), 65-69.
  19. O'Brien, E.J., McGetrick, P. and Gonzalez, A. (2014), "A drive-by inspection system via vehicle moving force identification", Smart Struct. Syst., 13(5), 821-848. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2014.13.5.821.
  20. Perruquetti, W. and Barbot, J.P. (eds.) (2002), Sliding Mode Control in Engineering, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.Basel.
  21. Pisano, A., Davila, A., Fridman, L. and Usai, E. (2008), "C Cascade control of PM DC drives via second-order sliding-mode technique", IEEE Transact. Industr. Elec., 55(11), 3846-3854. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2008.2002715.
  22. Safari, A. and Ardi, H. (2018), "Sliding mode control of a bidirectional buck/boost DC-DC converter with constant switching frequency", Iran. J. Elec. Electro. Eng., 14(1), 69-84. https://doi.org/10.22068/IJEEE.14.1.69.
  23. Saleem, O., Rizwan, M., Mahmood-ul-Hasan, K. and Ahmad, M. (2020), "Performance enhancement of multivariable model reference optimal adaptive motor speed controller using error-dependent hyperbolic gain functions", Automatika, 61(1), 117-131. https://doi.org/10.1080/00051144.2019.1688508.
  24. Sankardoss, V. and Geethanjali, P. (2017), "Parameter estimation and speed control of a PMDC motor used in wheelchair", Energy Procedia, 117, 345-352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.05.142.
  25. Sankardoss, V. and, P. (2017), "Parameter estimation and speed control of a PMDC motor used in wheelchair", Energy Procedia, 117, 345-352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.05.142.
  26. Seeraji, S., Ovy, E.G., Alam, T., Zamee, A. and Al Emon, A.R. (2011), "A flexible closed loop PMDC motor speed control system for precise positioning", Int. J. Robot. Automat. (IJRA), 2(3), 211.
  27. Shi, X., Shi, W. and Xing, L. (2019), "Performance analysis of vehicle suspension systems with negative stiffness", Smart Struct. Syst., 24(1), 141-155. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2019.24.1.141.
  28. Suresh, K., Chellammal, N., Bharatiraja, C., Sanjeevikumar, P., Blaabjerg, F. and Nielsen, J.B.H. (2019), "Cost-efficient non isolated three-port DC-DC converter for EV/HEV applications with energy storage", Int. Trans. Elec. Energy Syst., 29(10), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1002/2050-7038.12088.
  29. Syukriyadin, S., Syahrizal, S., Mansur, G. and Ramadhan, H.P. (2018), "Permanent magnet DC motor control by using arduino and motor drive module BTS7960", IOP Conf. Ser: Mate. Sci. Eng., 352(1), 012023. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/352/1/012023.
  30. Tun, Z.M. and Naing, T.L. (2018), "Double loop control of H-bridge DC chopper fed permanent magnet DC motor drives using low cost hardware", Int. J. Elec. Comput. Eng., 12(11), 857-866.
  31. Vasappa, S.V.B. and Daykumar, U. (2010), "Elimination of output voltage oscillations in DC-DC converter using PWM with PID controller", Serbian J. Electr. Eng., 7(1), 57-68. https://doi.org/10.2298/SJEE1001057S
  32. Wu, J. and Lu, Y. (2019), "Adaptive backstepping sliding mode control for boost converter with constant power load", IEEE Access., 7, 50797-50807. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2910936.
  33. Yang, Y.B., Li, Y.C. and Chang, K.C. (2014), "Constructing the mode shapes of a bridge from a passing vehicle: a theoretical study", Smart Struct. Syst., 13(5), 797-819. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2014.13.5.797.
  34. Zhu, H.P., Ye, L., Weng, S. and Tian, W. (2018), "Damage identification of vehicle-track coupling system from dynamic responses of moving vehicles", Smart Struct. Syst., 21(5), 677-686. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2018.21.5.677.