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분질배유를 지니는 흑미, '아로마티'의 주요 농업형질 및 가공적성 평가

Agronomic and End-use Quality Analysis of 'AromaT', a Black Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Variety with Floury Endosperm

  • 하수경 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 작물육종과) ;
  • 모영준 (전북대학교 농생명과학대학 작물생명과학과) ;
  • 정종민 (농촌진흥청 대변인실) ;
  • 이현숙 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 작물육종과) ;
  • 김진희 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원) ;
  • 서우덕 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 기초기반과) ;
  • 정지웅 (농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 작물육종과)
  • Ha, Su Kyung (Crop Breeding Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Mo, Young-Jun (Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University) ;
  • Jeong, Jong-Min (Spokesperson Office, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Hyun-Sook (Crop Breeding Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Jinhee (Crop Breeding Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Seo, Woo-Duck (Crop Foundation Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Jeong, Ji-Ung (Crop Breeding Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • 투고 : 2021.11.16
  • 심사 : 2022.01.19
  • 발행 : 2022.03.01

초록

흑미에서 생합성되는 안토시아닌에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있고, 환경 및 제분비용이 낮은 건식제분 쌀가루의 장점이 부각되고 있다. 이에 따라 국립식량과학원에서는 분질배유를 지녀 건식제분에 적합한 벼 '수원542호'에 흑미인 '흑진주'를 교배한 '아로마티'를 개발하였고, 2019년 특허 출원하였다(Ha et al., 2019). 2019년 국립식량과학원 작물육종과 포장에서 재배된 '아로마티'의 재배시기별 주요 농업형질, 분질배유 및 건식제분 적합성을 연구한 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. '아로마티'는 남부지방에서 이모작 또는 만기재배에 적합하다. 이모작 및 만기재배에서 '아로마티'의 출수기는 각 8월 14일 및 8월 26일으로써 부본인 '흑진주'보다 늦었다. '아로마티'와 '흑진주' 현미수량성은 보통기 재배보다 이모작 재배와 만기재배에서 격차가 더 컸다. '아로마티'의 안토시아닌 성분과 향기성분인 2AP 함량은 만기재배에서 유리하다. 따라서 '아로마티'는 '흑진주'에 비해 남부지방에서의 이모작 및 만기재배 환경에 더 적합할 것으로 판단된다. 2. '아로마티'의 분질배유는 모본인 '수원542호'에서 유래되었다고 유전적으로 규명하였다. '수원542호'의 분질배유는 5번염색체에 존재하는 열성 단인자 'flo7'에 의해 결정되고, 분질배유 유전자인 cyOsPPDK 유전자의 ORF 내 8번 Exon에 존재하는 SNP의 서열이 G에서 A로 치환되었다고 보고되었다. 해당 영역의 '아로마티'의 SNP 서열은 '수원542호'와 동일하게 G에서 A로 치환되었다. 또한, '아로마티'에서는 '수원542호'와 동일한 'Adenine' 염기가 확인되었고, '흑진주'에서는 'Guanine' 염기가 확인됨을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 '아로마티'의 분질배유는 '수원542호'에서 유래되었음을 유전적으로 확인할 수 있었다. 3. '아로마티'가 '흑진주'보다 등숙기간의 저온 및 고온 적응력이 더 우수하다. '아로마티'의 안토시아닌 함량은 모든 재배조건에서 '흑진주'보다 높게 생합성되기 때문이다. 특히, 만기재배에 생산된 '아로마티'는 부본인 '흑진주'보다 열수처리를 통해 용출되는 안토시아닌 함량도 높았고, 구수한 향을 발산하는 2AP의 함량이 높으므로 음용이 간단한 흑미차 소재로 활용가치를 확인하였다. 4. '아로마티'는 건식 흑미가루 생산에 적합하다. '아로마티'는 분질배유를 지니었기에, 가루로 제조할 경우 입도가 곱고, 손상전분이 낮다. 따라서 '아로마티'는 다양한 쌀 가공품 소재로 활용가능성이 높은 건식 흑미가루 생산에 적합할 것으로 판단된다. 5. 이상의 결과로 '아로마티'는 분질배유를 지니는 흑미이자 향이 존재하는 점을 고려할 때, 고품질 흑미가루 및 현미차 등으로 활용하여 쌀가공산업에 신소재로써 가치가 높다고 판단된다.

Rice is one of the most important staple foods in Wnju, Jeonbuk, South Korea. However, rice consumption has dramatically decreased as eating habits have diversified owing to rapid economic growth. Recently, floury endosperm rice varieties have been developed to invigorate the rice processing industry, because dry-milled rice flour is economically and environmentally suitable for massive rice flour distribution. The National Institute of Crop Science has developed 'AromaT', an early-maturing black rice with floury-endosperm, suitable for tea and dry milling. 'AromaT' was derived from a cross between 'Suweon542' as the floury endosperm source and 'Heugjinju' as the black and aromatic source. In this study, 'AromaT' and its parents, 'Suweon542' and 'Heugjinju', were analyzed for agronomic traits, anthocyanin content, and their major physicochemical properties by different planting date. The field experiment was conducted in Wanju, Jeollabuk-do Province, South Korea, in 2019. The transplanting dates were May 30 (ordinary season), June 25 (double-cropping season), and July 10 (late season). The yield performance of brown rice 'AromaT' was 330 kg/10 a in the double-cropping cultivation method and was the highest among the transplanting dates. The floury endosperm of 'AromaT' was derived from 'Suweon542' containing 'flo7', located on chromosome 5 and known to control floury endosperm. With the late planting date, the anthocyanin content of 'AromaT' was 570.5 mg/100 g, much higher than that of 'Heugjinju' (376.3 mg/100 mg). The brown rice of 'AromaT' also exhibited the pop-corn-flavoring 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, exclusively detected in aroma rice varieties. The average particle sizes of 'AromaT' and 'Suweon542' were 67.12 ㎛ and 70.9 ㎛, respectively, lower than that of 'Heugjinju' (95.5 ㎛) with a black transparent endosperm. The average damaged starch content of 'AromaT' was 8.1%, lower than that of 'Heugjinju' (10.05%) and Suweon542 (9.5%). As a result, 'AromaT' with high anthocyanin content, fine particle size, and low damaged starch content is expected to provide a new rice material in various processing fields.

키워드

과제정보

본 연구는 농촌진흥청 연구사업(PJ0128902020)의 지원으로 수행된 결과입니다.

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