Journal of the Korean Society of Safety (한국안전학회지)

The Korean Society of Safety (한국안전학회)
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Development of an Objective Judgement Procedure for Determining Involvement of Violation-Type Unsafe Acts caused Industrial Accidents

사고 유발 불안전행동의 위반 여부에 대한 객관적 판단절차 개발

  • Lim, Hyeon Kyo (Department of Safety Engineering, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Ham, Seung Eon (Department of Safety Engineering, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Bak, Geon Yeong (Department of Safety Engineering, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Lee, Yong Hee (Department of Accident Monitoring and Management, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute)
  • 임현교 (충북대학교 안전공학과) ;
  • 함승언 (충북대학교 대학원 안전공학과) ;
  • 박건영 (충북대학교 대학원 안전공학과) ;
  • 이용희 (한국원자력연구원)
  • Received : 2021.12.10
  • Accepted : 2022.03.08
  • Published : 2022.04.30
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Abstract

When an accident occurs, the associated human activity is typically regarded as a "human error," or a temporal deviation. On the other hand, if the accident results in a serious loss or if it evokes a social issue, the person determined to be responsible may be punished with a "violation" of related laws or regulations. However, as Heinrich stated, it is neither appropriate nor reasonable in terms of probability theory and cognitive science to distinguish whether it is a "human error" or a "violation" with a criterion of resultant accident severity. Nonetheless, some in society get on the social climate to strengthen regulations on workers who have caused accidents, especially violations. This response can present a social issue due to the lack of systematic judgment procedure which distinguishes violations from human errors. The purpose of this study was to develop an objective and systematic procedure to assess whether workers' activities which induced industrial accidents should be categorized as violations rather than human errors. Various analysis techniques for the determination of violation procedure were investigated and compared using an analysis approach method. An appropriate technique was not found, however, for judging the culpability of intentional violations. As an alternative, this study developed the process of creating violations, based on cognitive procedure, as well as the criteria to determine and categorize an activity as a violation. In addition, the developed procedure was applied to cases of industrial accidents and nuclear power plant issues to test its practical applicability. The study demonstrated that the proposed model could be used to determine the existence of a violation even in the case of multiple workers who work simultaneously.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This paper is supported by the Nuclear Safety Research Program grant funded by Nuclear Security and Safety Commission (NSSC) and KOFONS (No. 2003010).

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