Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회지)

Korean Society of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회)
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Fish Community Characteristics in Hwapocheon Wetland, Korea

화포천 습지의 어류군집 특성

  • Received : 2022.01.24
  • Accepted : 2022.03.07
  • Published : 2022.04.30
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Abstract

This study surveyed the characteristics of fish communities in Hwapocheon Wetland, Korea, from May to September 2020. The survey collected 735 objects in 21 species belonging to 7 families from 8 survey stations. The dominant and subdominant species were Hemiculter eigenmanni(23.8%) and Micropterus salmoides(10.3%), respectively. The next most abundant species were Zacco platypus(9.5%), Carassius auratus(9.4%), Pseudorasbora parva(9.0%), Squalidus chankaensis tsuchigae(6.7%), Acheilognathus macropterus(5.4%), Lepomis macrochirus(5.2%), Pseudogobio esocinus(4.1%), Opsariichthys uncirostris amurensis(3.7%), and Carassius cuvieri(3.3%). Among the fish species collected, one species, Culter brevicauda, was class II endangered wildlife designated by the Ministry of Environment, and one species,S. c. tsuchigae(4.8%), was endemic to Korea.Additionally, three exotic species (M. salmoides, L. macrochirus, and C. cuvieri) and one landlocked species (Rhinogobius brunneus) were collected. Compared to previous studies, the proportion of fish living in the running water area tended to decrease, the proportion of fish living in the water purification area tended to increase, and ecosystem-disturbing species (M. salmoides and L. macrochirus) tended to increase gradually. Results of fish community analysis showed that the mainstream stations (St. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8) had low dominance, but high diversity and richness, and other stations (St. 2 and 7) had high dominance but low diversity and richness. The river health (index of biological integrity) evaluated using fish was assessed as bad (6 stations), normal (1 station), and very bad (1 station). The water quality grade was assessed as slightly bad due to the chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic content (TOC), suspended solid (SS), and total coliforms (TC). The annual water quality showed a gradually increasing trend of biological oxygen demand (BOD), COD, SS, and chlorophyll-a. The stable life of fish and the improvement of river health in Hwapocheon Wetland require water quality improvement and the systematic management of ecosystem-disturbing species (M. salmoidesand L. macrochirus).

화포천 습지의 어류 군집 특성을 밝히기 위해 2020년 5월부터 9월까지 3회 조사를 실시하였다. 조사기간 동안 8개 지점에서 채집된 어류는 7과 21종 735개체였다. 우점종은 치리(Hemiculter eigenmanni, 23.8%), 아우점종은 배스(Micropterus salmoides, 10.3%), 그 다음으로 피라미(Zacco platypus, 9.5%), 붕어(Carassius auratus, 9.4%), 참붕어(Pseudorasbora parva, 9.0%), 참몰개(Squalidus chankaensis tsuchigae, 6.7%), 큰납지리(Acheilognathus macropterus, 5.4%), 블루길(Lepomis macrochirus, 5.2%), 모래무지(Pseudogobio esocinus, 4.1%), 끄리(Opsariichthys uncirostris amurensis, 3.7%), 떡붕어(Carassius cuvieri, 3.3%) 등의 순으로 우세하였다. 법정보호종은 환경부지정 멸종위기 야생생물 II급의 백조어(Culter brevicauda) 1종이 확인되었고, 한국고유종은 참몰개 1종(4.8%)이 출현하였다. 외래종은 배스, 블루길, 떡붕어 3종이, 육봉형 어류는 밀어 1종이 채집되었다. 선행연구 결과와 비교하면, 유수역에 서식하는 어류의 비율은 감소하고 정수역에 서식하는 어류의 비율은 증가하는 경향을 보였는데, 특히 생태계교란 야생생물로 지정된 배스와 블루길은 점차 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 어류 군집분석 결과, 본류 지점들(St. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8)은 우점도는 낮으나 다양도와 풍부도는 높았고, 지류(St. 2, 7) 등의 지점들은 우점도는 높으나 다양도와 풍부도는 낮았다. 어류를 이용한 하천 건강성은 나쁨(6개 지점), 보통(1개 지점), 매우 나쁨(1개 지점)으로 평가되었다. 수질 등급은 화학적산소요구량(COD)과 총유기물질(TOC), 부유물질(SS), 총대장균군수(TC) 등으로 인해 약간 나쁨으로 평가되었으며, 연도별 수질은 생물학적산소요구량(BOD), 화학적산소요구량, 부유물질, 클로로필-a(Chl-a) 등이 점차 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 화포천 습지의 안정적인 어류 서식 및 하천 건강성을 향상시키기 위해서는 수질개선 및 생태계교란종(배스, 블루길)의 체계적인 관리가 요구된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 국립생태원 내륙습지 정밀조사('22)(NIE-법정연구-2022-19)의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임

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