DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Relationship between Alienation and Smartphone Addiction Tendency with the Mediating Effect of Stress and the Moderated Mediating Effect of Mindfulness

스마트폰 중독 경향성에 대한 소외감의 영향에서 스트레스를 통한 마음챙김의 조절된 매개효과

  • Lee, Seongsoo (Department of Industrial and Counseling Psychology, Sun Moon University)
  • 이성수 (선문대학교 상담.산업심리학과)
  • Received : 2022.01.25
  • Accepted : 2022.04.20
  • Published : 2022.04.28

Abstract

This study tried to understand the mediating role of stress perception and the moderating role of mindfulness in the process of psychological alienation affecting college students' smartphone addiction tendency. Two hundred seventeen university students from Chungcheongnam-do answered the questionnaire. The research model was analyzed with model 7 of Hayes' PROCESS Macro 4.0. When synthesizing analysis results, feelings of alienation mediate stress responses or directly influence smartphone addiction tendencies. At this time, people with high levels of mindfulness tended to lower their smartphone addiction tendencies by alleviating their stress response compared to those with a low level of mindfulness. The implication of this study is that it revealed the psychological process that causes alienation to induce smartphone addiction tendency through stress responses, and that mindfulness plays a role in alleviating stress response and lowering smartphone addiction tendency. In the future, it is necessary to apply the model of this study to people diagnosed with smartphone addiction.

본 연구는 대학생들의 스마트폰 중독 경향성에 심리적 소외감이 영향을 미치는 과정에서 스트레스 지각의 매개 역할과 마음챙김의 조절 역할을 파악하고자 하였다. Hayes의 PROCESS Macro 4.0의 모델 7로 연구모형을 분석하였다. 충청남도의 대학생 217명이 질문지에 응답하였다. 분석결과를 종합할 때, 소외감은 스트레스 반응을 매개하여 또는 직접적으로 스마트폰 중독 경향성에 영향을 준다. 이때 마음챙김 수준이 높은 사람들은 스트레스 반응을 완화함으로써 스마트폰 중독 경향성을 낮추는 경향이 있었다. 본 연구의 시사점은 소외감이 스트레스 반응을 거쳐 스마트폰 중독 경향성을 유발하는 심리적 과정을 밝혔다는 점과, 마음챙김이 스트레스 반응 완화와 스마트폰 중독 경향성을 낮출 수 있는 역할을 한다는 점을 밝혔다는 점이다. 향후 스마트폰 중독 진단을 받은 사람들을 대상으로 본 연구의 모형을 적용해 볼 필요가 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. Gallup Korea. (2021). 2012-2021 Smartphone User Rate & Brand. Gallup Report G20210608. from https://www.gallup.co.kr/gallupdb/reportContent.asp?seqNo=1217
  2. National Information Society Agency. (2021). The Survey on Smartphone Overdependence.
  3. S. Cho & G. S. Jeon. (2016). Correlates of Problematic Mobile Phone Use among Korean College Students. The Korean Journal of Stress Research, 24(1), 13-22. DOI : 10.17547/kjsr.2016.24.1.13
  4. M. Do, S. J. Seo & C. J. Park. (2018). Analysis of the Domestic Journals' Research Trends on College Students' Smartphone Addiction: Focusing on the Causes & Results of Smartphone Addiction. The Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction, 18(4), 117-141. DOI: 10.22251/jlcci.2018.18.4.117
  5. J. R. Joeng & E. Y. Kim. (2020). The Relationship between Self-compassion and Smartphone Addiction Tendency with the Mediating Effect of Loneliness and the Moderated Mediating Effect of Social Self-efficacy in College Students. The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 32(2), 799-819. https://doi.org/10.23844/kjcp.2020.05.32.2.799
  6. H. McClosky & J. H. Schaar. (1965). Psychological Dimension of Anomy. American Sociological Review, 30(1), 14-40. DOI : 10.2307/2091771
  7. M. Z. Yao & Z. Zhong. (2014). Loneliness, social contacts and Internet addiction: A cross-lagged panel study. Computers in Human Behavior, 30, 164-170. DOI : 10.1016/j.chb.2013.08.007
  8. H. J. Lee & J. S. Lim. (2019). Influence of Social Isolation on Smart Phone Addiction through Self-regulation and Social Support. Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 19(11), 482-498. DOI : 10.5392/JKCA.2019.19.11.482
  9. S. Y. Park & M. S. Yoo. (2019). Pathways From the Experiences of Neglect to Adolescent Smart Phone Dependency: The Mediating Effects of Self Resilience and Alienation. Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation, 8(1), 27-39. DOI : 10.22683/tsnr.2019.8.1.027
  10. J. Kabat-Zinn. (1982). An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation: Theoretical considerations and preliminary results. General Hospital Psychiatry, 4, 33-47. DOI : 10.1016/0163-8343(82)90026-3
  11. Z. V. Segal, J. M. Williams & J. D. Teasdale. (2002). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: A new approach to preventing relapse. New York: Guilford Press.
  12. H. S. Kwon & K. I. Kwon. (2017). A Study on the Developmental Steps of Adolescent Gaming Addiction According to the Level of Engagement and Addiction : Separating Steps Through Latent Class Analysis and the Role of Related Variables. The Korea Journal of Youth Counseling, 25(1), 155-175. DOI : 10.35151/kyci.2017.25.1.008
  13. J. Lee, J. Lim, H. Son, H. W. Kwak & M. S. Chang, (2016). Development and Validation of a Smartphone Addiction Scale Based on Behavioral Addiction Criteria. The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 28(2), 425-443. UCI : G704-000523.2016.28.2.006 https://doi.org/10.23844/kjcp.2016.05.28.2.425
  14. M. Griffiths. (1999). Internet addiction: Fact or Fiction. The Psychologist, 12(5), 245-250.
  15. B. N. Kim. (2013). Effect of Smart-phone Addiction on Youth's Sociality Development. Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 13(4), 208-217. DOI : 10.16975/kjfsw.2013..39.002
  16. E. Y. Kim, J. K. Kim, S. A. Choi & T. H. Nam. (2016). The Relationship Between Depression and Smartphone Addiction among College Students and Graduate Students : Focused on the Mediating Effect of Difficulty in Emotion Regulation. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 23(6), 97-118. UCI : G704-000387.2016.23.6.016
  17. S. I. Chiu. (2014). The relationship between life stress and smartphone addiction on Taiwanese university student: A mediation model of learning self-efficacy and social self-efficacy. Computers in Human Behavior, 34, 49-57. DOI : 10.1016/j.chb.2014.01.024
  18. M. Seeman. (1959). On the meaning of alienation. American Sociological Review, 24, 783-791. DOI : 10.2307/2088565
  19. R. Y. Mau. (1992). The validity and devolution of a concept : student alienation. Adolescence, 27(107), 731-741.
  20. E. A. Wynne. (1978). Behind the discipline problem: Youth suicide as a measure of alienation. Phi Delta Kappan, 59, 307-315.
  21. H. Cho & S. K. Chung. (2015). Relationship among College Life Stress, Alienation and College Adjustment: Focused on Transferred and Non-transferred Nursing Students. Journal of The Korean Data Analysis Society, 17(5), 2779-2793. UCI : G704-000930.2015.17.5.006
  22. Y. S. Cho & K. N. Lee. (2010). Effects of Adolescent's Alienation, Depression, Family Environment and School Maladjustment on Suicidal Ideation. Family and Environment Research, 48(8), 27-37. UCI : G704-000012.2010.48.8.009
  23. S. H. Won, Y. Choi & K. H. Suh. (2021). Moderated Mediating Effects of Smart Media Addiction Caused by Behavioral Activation System (BAS) on Adolescents' Alienation and Stress Responses. Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 21(7), 619-628. DOI : 10.5392/JKCA.2021.21.07.619
  24. C. Lai, D. Altavila, A. Ronconi & P. Aceto. (2016). Fear of missing out is associated with activation of the right middle temporal gyrus during inclusion social cue. Computers in Human Behavior, 61, 516-521. DOI : 10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.072
  25. M. Song. (2013). The Influence of Anger and Alienation on Alcohol and Internet Addiction of University Students: Behavioral Activation ans Mediator. Forum for Youth Culture, 36, 60-83. UCI : G704-SER000002119.2013..36.005
  26. M. J. Lee & H. S. Jang. (2009). The Affects of Social Anxiety, Loneliness, and alienation on College Students Mobile Phone Addiction. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 16(11), 71-96. UCI : G704-000387.2009.16.11.009
  27. S. H. Cho & K. H. Suh. (2013). An Exploratory Study on Factors Related with SNS Addiction Proneness: Focus on Covert Narcissism, Self-Presentational Motivation, and Sense of Alienation. The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 18(1), 239-250. DOI : 10.17315/kjhp.2013.18.1.014
  28. B. S. Park. (2018). The influence of peer alienation on mobile phone dependency among adolescents: Focus on the mediating effect of depression. Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare, (62), 1-27. DOI : 10.24300/JKSCW.2018.06.62.1
  29. D. Jacobs. (1986). A General Theory of Addictions: A New Theoretical Model. Journal of Gambling Behavior, 2(1), 15-31. DOI : 10.1007/BF01019931
  30. M. Durak & E. Senol-Durak. (2013). Associations of Social Anxiety and Depression with Cognitions Related to Problematic Internet Use in Youths. Education and Science, 38(169), 19-29.
  31. Y. R. Lee & J. S. Park. (2018). A study on the Mediating Effect of Stress Coping Strategies in the Relationship between Emotional Empathy and Smartphone Addiction of University Students. Journal of the Korea Convergence Society. 9(2), 323-329. DOI : 10.15207/JKCS.2018.9.2.323
  32. A. R. Baer, T. G. Smith & B. K. Allen. (2004). Assessment of Mindfulness by Self-Report. The Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills. Assessment, 11(3), 191-206. DOI : 10.1177/1073191104268029
  33. T. E. Bodner & E. J. Langer. (2001). Individual differences in mindfulness; The Mindfulness/Mindleness Scale. Poster presented at the 13th American Psychological Society Convention, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
  34. S. H. Park. (2016). Development of the Mindfulness Scale. Department of Psychology Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea. Dissertation.
  35. J. H. Flavell. (1987). Speculations about the nature and development of metacognition. In F. E. Weinert, & R. Kluwe (Eds.), Metacognition, Motivation, and Understanding (pp. 21-29). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  36. O. G. We, S. G. Ji & J. Han. (2018). The Effects of Meditation Training on Stress and Smartphone Addiction of University Students. Korean Management Consulting Review, 18(3), 127-134.
  37. H. B. Son. (2018). The effects of the mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (MBCT) program on loss of control, craving, mindfulness level in self-regulation of smartphone addictive tendencies Master's thesis. Kyungpook National University, Daegu
  38. E. S. Lee. (2002). Construction of a Structural Model about Adolescents' Alienation, Depression, and Suicidal thoughts. Doctoral dissertation. Kyung Hee University, Seoul.
  39. K. B. Koh, J. K. Park & C. H. Kim. (2000). Development of the Stress Response Inventory. Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 39(4), 707-719.
  40. A. F. Hayes. (2017). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach(2nd). New York: The Guilford Press.