International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security

국제컴퓨터통신보호논문지학회 (International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Website and Digital Content between Material Property and Intellectual Ownership Rights within the Legal Regulation of Internet

  • Azab, Rania S. (Northern Border University, College of Business Administration)
  • 투고 : 2022.02.05
  • 발행 : 2022.02.28
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

When the owners of the intellectual property rights of digital content have lost control over it in the digital environment, there emerged fears that the intellectual property laws, especially copyright law, would not be effective as in the material (Offline ) world. The reason is that the digital environment helps to reproduce copies in high quality and at almost no cost, while copyright law protection has been limited to programs embedded in CDs. According to copyright laws, the owner of the program did not have the right to prevent buyers of the initial physical copy of the program from copying and reselling it to more than one individual without the permission of the original owner. As a result, business owners have invented the idea of licensing digital content and programs instead of selling them. They set out terms that serve their commercial interests regardless of their abuse to intellectual property laws or even the rules of the traditional contract to sell a material property. The abuse has resulted from the way those terms are concluded and the heavy rules that are unfair to consumer rights. Therefore, business owners insisted on dealing with the website and its programs and digital content as material property. Here raises the question of whether the website and its digital content are subject to the protection of copyright law or the rules of the traditional contract or licensing contracts. As the answer to this question affects the protection of consumer rights, is it possible to find a balance between it and the protection of the owners of digital programs' rights.That is what we will discuss in this paper.

키워드

과제정보

The author gratefully acknowledges the approvel and the support of this research study by the Grant No. -7955BA2018- 3-9-F from the Deanship of scientific Research at Northern Border University,Arar, KSA

참고문헌

  1. Brandon 2019. What's the Difference Between Chat and Instant Messaging? Updated on November 24, available at: https://www.lifewire.com/difference-between-chat-and-instant-messaging-3969422
  2. Lemley, A .2002 A. Palce and Syberspace, University of California at Berkeley School of Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No.102 .p11 available online at : https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=349760
  3. the Law on Intellectual Property Protection[ 2002 ], No. 82 available online at : https://wipolex.wipo.int/en/legislation/details/1301
  4. Article 2 of the Berne Convention available online at : https://www.law.cornell.edu/treaties/berne/2.html
  5. Article 4 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty 1996, available online at: https://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/wct/summary_wct.html
  6. Article 10 of the TRIPS Agreement available online at : https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/27-trips_04_e.htm
  7. SougataChattopadhyay 2013. St. Xavier's College, Kolkata, Intellectual Property Rights in Digital Environment, available online at : https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320585766_Intellectual_Property_Rights_in_Digital_Environment
  8. Conference: Reprographic Rights and Copyright Act : Challenges and ManagementAt: Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata March 2013 . available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320585766_Intellectual_Property_Rights_in_Digital_Environment
  9. Evans, E .1999 .OpprtunityConsts of Globalizing,Information Licenses Embedding Consumer Rights Within The Legislative Framework for Information Contracts Available at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1180&context=iplj
  10. Article 802 - Egyptian Civil Law (Only the owner of something within the limits of the law has the right to use it, exploit it, and dispose of it). Available at: https://www.elkanon.com/2020/10/the-egyptian-civil-law.html
  11. Article 1048 Iraqi code law.1951 Available at : http://iraqld.hjc.iq:8080/LoadLawBook.aspx?SC=120120013721926
  12. Singsango,2021 .A Validity of Shrinkwrap and Clickwrap License Agreements in. the USA : Should we follow UCITA?. available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267680059_A_Validity_of_Shrinkwrap_and_Clickwrap_License_Agreements_in_the_USA_Should_we_follow_UCITA
  13. Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act, 2002 available at: https://www.uniformlaws.org/viewdocument/committee-archive52?CommunityKey=92b2978d-585f-4ab6-b8a1-53860fbb43b5&tab=librarydocuments
  14. UCITA,2012 Part 1. Provisions, [Subpart A. Short Title and Definitions]. Section 102. Definitions. (A) [General Definitions.] (1). P.10 available at: https://www.uniformlaws.org/viewdocument/committee-archive52?CommunityKey=92b2978d-585f-4ab6-b8a1-53860fbb43b5&tab=librarydocuments
  15. eBay, Inc. v. Bidder's, Edge, Inc., 100 F. Supp.[ 2000] 2d 1058 (N.D. Cal.): available at : https://casetext.com/case/ebay-v-bidders-edge
  16. Register.com, Inc. v. Verio, Inc., 126 F. Supp[ 2000] . 2d 238 (S.D.N.Y.); available at : https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/2504853/register-com-inc-v-verio-inc/
  17. America Online v. National Health Care Discount, Inc.[ 2001], 174 F. Supp. 2d 890 (N.D. Iowa,). available at: https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/districtcourts/FSupp2/174/890/2522261/
  18. Kerr, S. NORMS OF COMPUTER TRESPASS [2016], 116 Colum. L. Rev. 1143by the Directors of The Columbia Law Review Association, Inc . VOL 116.NO.4, p. 11. Available online at : https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/results.cfm
  19. HUNTER, 2002. CYBERSPACE AS PLACE, AND THE TRAGEDY OF THE DIGITAL ANTICOMMONS, Version 2.1, Sunday, April 07,. P65 available online at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/results.cfm
  20. KALAY and MARX, [2006 ]. Changing the Metaphor: Cyberspace as a Place, Department of Architecture, University of California, Berkeley, USA.,available at: https://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/download/1563/1478
  21. HUNTER, 2002 . CYBERSPACE AS PLACE, AND THE TRAGEDY OF THE DIGITAL ANTICOMMONS, Version 2.1, Sunday, April 07,. P65-cyberspace : It is a medium, not a place .[2019]. /https://krypt3ia.wordpreess.com/2013/02/16/cyberspace-its-a-medium-not-a-place,2019/7/3.
  22. The Arab Convention on Combating Information Technology Crime, 2012, Cyber Crime Law of 2018
  23. Jordanian Electronic Crime Law 27 of 2015, Article 2
  24. Walker, 2019 . Website Legal Requirements:Nine Rules to Keep you out of trouble, Http://www.motocms.Com/blog/en/website-legal-requirements 22/8/2019
  25. Lemley, A 2004, Property, Intellectual Property, and Free Riding, Working Paper No. 291, Stanford Law School John M. Olin Program in Law and Economics August.p2 available on line at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=582602
  26. eBay, Inc. v. Bidder's, Edge, Inc.[ 2000] ., 100 F. Supp. 2d 1058 (N.D. Cal.): available at: https://casetext.com/case/ebay-v-bidders-edge
  27. Register.com, Inc. v. Verio, Inc., 126 F. Supp. 2d 238 (S.D.N.Y. 2000); available at: https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/2504853/register-com-inc-v-verio-inc/
  28. America Online v. National Health Care Discount, Inc., 174 F. Supp. 2d 890 (N.D. Iowa, 2001).available at: https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp2/174/890/2522261/
  29. Egyptian Law against Information Technology Crimes2018,in Article 2, available at: https://manshurat.org/node/31487
  30. The Data Protection Act 1998, available at: https://www.privacyhelper.co.uk/knowledge-hub-articles/data-protection-act-1998-a-summary-of-the-8-guiding-principles
  31. The Swiss Federal Data Protection Act (DPA) 2017, available at: https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=ebc8ce19-0fee-457d-a94f-a0625e4805b8
  32. Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data
  33. Do copyright law impeding free Knowledge & information Movement, corporate law available on line at : (https://taxguru.in/category/corporate-law)Articles last seen on 2019/ 7/1
  34. the WIPO Copyright Treaty, 1996, available at : https://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/wct/
  35. the TRIPS Agreement. available at: https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/27-trips_04_e.htm
  36. the Law on the Protection of Intellectual Property No. 82 of 2002 available at: https://www.wipo.int/tk/en/databases/tklaws/articles/article_0037.html
  37. KOREN 1998, COPYRIGHTS IN CYBERSPACE-RIGHTS WITHOUT LAWS?COPYRIGHT IN CYBERSPACE.DOC.,available at: https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3146&context=cklawreview
  38. The American Copyright Law 2020,available at: https://www.copyright.gov/title17/title17.pdf
  39. All license breaches may not constitute copyright infringement 2019 . available at :, http://www.Lexology.comLlibrary/detail.aspx?g=e4b1226a-4915-8897-a8e47060481, lexology last seen on 2019/7/16
  40. Reese 2003, The First Sale Doctrine in the Era of Digital Networks, Part of theIntellectual [41] Property Law Commons,Internet Law Commons, and theScience and Technology Law Commons, volume 44,article 9.2003,available at: https://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2233&context=bclr
  41. the Canadian copyright law [2020] available at : https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-42/Index.html
  42. Valentino 2014, Conflict between Contract Law and Copyright Law in Canada: Do Licence Agreements Trump Users' Rights?, Faculty of Information and Media Studies, University of Western Ontario, Western University,. FIMS Working Papers. 1, available online at : https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2396028
  43. Katz 2014, The First Sale Doctrine and the Economics of https://digitalcommons.law.byu.edu/lawreview/vol2014/iss1/4
  44. CLASSEN 1996, FUNDAMENTALS OF SOFTWARE LICENSING,IDEA: The Journal of Law and Technology, Copyright (c) PTC Research Fouundation of Franklin Pierce Law Center IDEA: The Journal of Law and Technology .available online at : http://euro.ecom.cmu.edu/program/law/08-732/Transactions/Fundamentals.pdf
  45. Goldman, 1997, The Intellectual Property Renaissance in Cyberspace: Why Copyright Law Could Be Unimportant on the Internet, Santa Clara University School of Law, 1-1-1997, available at: http://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/facpubs
  46. McIntyre 2014), GAME OVER FOR FIRST SALE, 29 BerkeleyTech. L.J. p.23,24 available online at : https://btlj.org/data/articles2015/vol29/29_1/29-berkeley-tech-l-j-0001-0060.pdf
  47. Pathan, 2010, Enforcing Copyright In The Digital Age: The Problem Of Music Piracy In The UK And US . avaliable at : https://www.academia.edu/12114186/Enforcing_Copyright_In_The_Digital_Age_The_Problem_Of_Music_Piracy_In_The_UK_And_US
  48. Real Networks, Inc. v. DVD Copy Control Association, Inc.2010,available at : https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=3629018608561845257&q=Realnetworks,+Inc.+v.+DVD+Copy+Control+Association,+Inc&hl=en&as_sdt=2006&as_vis=1
  49. Viacom Inc. v. YouTube, Google Inc,2010 available at: https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=9639215263223413034&q=Viacom+Inc.+v.+YouTube,+Google+Inc&hl=en&as_sdt=2006&as_vis=1
  50. Saunders .2013 . Does the first - sale doctrine apply to your digital music ? Inteelectual Property Law Newsletter -spring available online at : https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2289444
  51. Capital Records L.L.C. v ReDigi Inc. No.12-civ-95. 2013 WL.1286134(S.D.N.Y.March 30. 2013) Available online at : https://www.kilpatricktownsend.com/~/media/Files/Case%20Summary/2013/capitol%20records%20vs%20redigi.ashx Filippi.
  52. Copyright Law in the Digital Environment : Private Ordering and the regulation of digital works,HAL Id: hal-00713403 available online at : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00713403 Submitted on 30 Jun.