Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society

The Korean Neurosurgical Society (대한신경외과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Head Injury during Childbirth

  • Chong, Sangjoon (Department of Neurosurgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine)
  • Received : 2022.03.03
  • Accepted : 2022.03.14
  • Published : 2022.05.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Head injuries are the most common type of birth injuries. Among them, most of the injuries is limited to the scalp. and the prognosis is good enough to be unnoticed in some cases. Intracranial injuries caused by excessive forces during delivery are rare. However, since some of them can be fatal, it is necessary to suspect it at an early stage and evaluate thoroughly if there are abnormal findings in the patient.

Keywords

References

  1. Alexander JM, Leveno KJ, Hauth J, Landon MB, Thom E, Spong CY, et al. : Fetal injury associated with cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol 90 : 885-890, 2006
  2. Amar AP, Aryan HE, Meltzer HS, Levy ML : Neonatal subgaleal hematoma causing brain compression: report of two cases and review of the literature. Neurosurgery 4 : 1470-1474, 2003
  3. Ami O, Maran JC, Gabor P, Whitacre EB, Musset D, Dubray C, et al. : Three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging of fetal head molding and brain shape changes during the second stage of labor. PLoS One e0215721 : 14, 2019
  4. Blanc F, Bigorre M, Lamouroux A, Captier G : Early needle aspiration of large infant cephalohematoma: a safe procedure to avoid esthetic complications. Eur J Pediatr 179 : 265-269, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-019-03487-5
  5. Boulet SL, Alexander GR, Salihu HM, Pass M : Macrosomic births in the united states: determinants, outcomes, and proposed grades of risk. Am J Obstet Gynecol 188 : 1372-1378, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1067/mob.2003.302
  6. Chadwick LM, Pemberton PJ, Kurinczuk JJ : Neonatal subgaleal haematoma: associated risk factors, complications and outcome. J Paediatr Child Health 32 : 228-232, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.1996.tb01559.x
  7. Chang HY, Chiu NC, Huang FY, Kao HA, Hsu CH, Hung HY : Infected cephalohematoma of newborns: experience in a medical center in Taiwan. Pediatr Int 47 : 274-277, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200x.2005.02062.x
  8. Chung HY, Chung JY, Lee DG, Yang JD, Baik BS, Hwang SG, et al. : Surgical treatment of ossified cephalhematoma. J Craniofac Surg 15 : 774-779, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1097/00001665-200409000-00015
  9. Cieplinski JAM, Bhutani VK : Lactational and neonatal morbidities associated with operative vaginal deliveries. 1191. Pediatric Research 39 : 201, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199604001-01213
  10. Davis DJ : Neonatal subgaleal hemorrhage: diagnosis and management. CMAJ 164 : 1452-1453, 2001
  11. Demissie K, Rhoads GG, Smulian JC, Balasubramanian BA, Gandhi K, Joseph KS, et al. : Operative vaginal delivery and neonatal and infant adverse outcomes: population based retrospective analysis. BMJ 329 : 24-29, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.329.7456.24
  12. Dupuis O, Silveira R, Dupont C, Mottolese C, Kahn P, Dittmar A, et al. : Comparison of "instrument-associated" and "spontaneous" obstetric depressed skull fractures in a cohort of 68 neonates. Am J Obstet Gynecol 192 : 165-170, 2005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2004.06.035
  13. Eseonu CI, Sacino AN, Ahn ES : Early surgical intervention for a large newborn cephalohematoma. Pediatr Neurosurg 51 : 210-213, 2016 https://doi.org/10.1159/000444195
  14. Firlik KS, Adelson PD : Large chronic cephalohematoma without calcification. Pediatr Neurosurg 30 : 39-42, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1159/000028759
  15. Gupta R, Cabacungan ET : Neonatal birth trauma: analysis of yearly trends, tisk factors, and outcomes. J Pediatr 238 : 174-180, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.06.080
  16. Hanigan WC, Powell FC, Miller TC, Wright RM : Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in full-term infants. Childs Nerv Syst 11 : 698-707, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00262235
  17. Hogberg U, Fellman V, Thiblin I, Karlsson R, Wester K : Difficult birth is the main contributor to birth-related fracture and accidents to other neonatal fractures. Acta Paediatr 109 : 2040-2048, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.15217
  18. Kendall N, Woloshin H : Cephalhematoma associated with fracture of the skull. J Pediatr 41 : 125-132, 1952 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(52)80047-2
  19. LeBlanc CM, Allen UD, Ventureyra E : Cephalhematomas revisited. when should a diagnostic tap be performed? Clin Pediatr (Phila) 34 : 86-89, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1177/000992289503400204
  20. Lee SJ, Kim JK, Kim SJ : The clinical characteristics and prognosis of subgaleal hemorrhage in newborn. Korean J Pediatr 61 : 387-391, 2018 https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2018.06800
  21. Levine MG, Holroyde J, Woods JR Jr, Siddiqi TA, Scott M, Miodovnik M : Birth trauma: incidence and predisposing factors. Obstet Gynecol 63 : 792-795, 1984
  22. Mangurten H, Puppala B : Birth injuries. Fanaroff and Martin's Neonatal Perinatal Medicine-Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn, ed 8. Philadelphia : Mosby Elsevier, 2006, pp.529-559
  23. Martin A, Paddock M, Johns CS, Smith J, Raghavan A, Connolly DJA, et al. : Avoiding skull radiographs in infants with suspected inflicted injury who also undergo head CT: "a no-brainer?" Eur Radiol 30 : 1480-1487, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-019-06579-w
  24. Merhar SL, Kline-Fath BM, Nathan AT, Melton KR, Bierbrauer KS : Identification and management of neonatal skull fractures. J Perinatol 36 : 640-642, 2016 https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2016.53
  25. Nachtergaele P, Van Calenbergh F, Lagae L : Craniocerebral birth injuries in term newborn infants: a retrospective series. Childs Nerv Syst 33 : 1927-1935, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-017-3539-2
  26. Nakahara K, Shimizu S, Kitahara T, Oka H, Utsuki S, Soma K, et al. : Linear fractures invisible on routine axial computed tomography: a pitfall at radiological screening for minor head injury. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 51 : 272-274, 2011 https://doi.org/10.2176/nmc.51.272
  27. Orman G, Wagner MW, Seeburg D, Zamora CA, Oshmyansky A, Tekes A, et al. : Pediatric skull fracture diagnosis: should 3D CT reconstructions be added as routine imaging? J Neurosurg Pediatr 16 : 426-431, 2015 https://doi.org/10.3171/2015.3.PEDS1553
  28. Plauche WC : Subgaleal hematoma. a complication of instrumental delivery. JAMA 244 : 1597-1598, 1980 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1980.03310140055031
  29. Quayle KS, Jaffe DM, Kuppermann N, Kaufman BA, Lee BC, Park TS, et al. : Diagnostic testing for acute head injury in children: when are head computed tomography and skull radiographs indicated? Pediatrics 99 : E11, 1997
  30. Reichard R : Birth injury of the cranium and central nervous system. Brain Pathol 18 : 565-570, 2008 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3639.2008.00205.x
  31. Robinson S : Neonatal posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus from prematurity: pathophysiology and current treatment concepts. J Neurosurg Pediatr 9 : 242-258, 2012 https://doi.org/10.3171/2011.12.PEDS11136
  32. Towner D, Castro MA, Eby-Wilkens E, Gilbert WM : Effect of mode of delivery in nulliparous women on neonatal intracranial injury. N Engl J Med 341 : 1709-1714, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199912023412301
  33. Ulma RM, Sacks G, Rodoni BM, Duncan A, Buchman AT, Buchman BC, et al. : Management of calcified cephalohematoma of infancy: the University of Michigan 25-year experience. Plast Reconstr Surg 148 : 409-417, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000008199
  34. Wong CH, Foo CL, Seow WT : Calcified cephalohematoma: classification, indications for surgery and techniques. J Craniofac Surg 17 : 970-979, 2006 https://doi.org/10.1097/01.scs.0000229552.82081.de