Journal of Convergence for Information Technology (융합정보논문지)

Convergence Society for SMB (중소기업융합학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Role of Automation in the Triggering of Employment, Productivity, and Profitability among Korean Companies from 2005 to 2015

자동화가 고용, 생산성, 수익성에 미치는 영향 : 2005년부터 2015년 사이의 한국기업을 중심으로

  • Son, Jungmin (School of Business, Chungnam National University)
  • Received : 2022.03.07
  • Accepted : 2022.04.20
  • Published : 2022.04.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study examined the dynamic role that automation has had upon employment, productivity, and profitability. For the analysis, 342 companies of the Workplace Panel Survey of the Korea Labor Institute conducted from 2005 to 2015 was used. For analytical models, the fixed effect model, which is capable of controlling the endogeneity problems of variables, was used. According to the analysis results, the increased ratio of automation in Korean companies (1) resulted in the increase of turnover in the short and long terms, a temporary decrease in employment, and (2) a decrease of productivity in the short and medium terms, and thereby (3) failing to change profitability in a positive manner.

자동화 기술은 노동력을 대체하여 인건비를 감소시키고, 생산성 및 수익성을 증가시킬 수 있을 것이라는 일련의 연구가 있다. 반면 자동화가 새로운 노동 수요를 창출할 가능성이 있으며, 장기적으로는 일자리가 감소하지 않았다는 연구도 있다. 이 연구는 자동화가 한국의 기업에서 단기 및 장기적으로 고용, 생상선, 수익성에 어떠한 효과가 있는지에 대해 설명하고자 한다. 이를 위해, 한국의 342개 기업에 대한 노동연구원의 2005년부터 2015년 사이의 사업체패널데이터를 분석하였다. 분석에는 패널데이터를 분석하기 위한 고정효과 모형을 이용하였다. 분석결과, 기업당 자동화 수준의 증가는 (1) 단기 및 장기적으로 고용을 감소시켰으며, (2) 단기 및 중기에 걸쳐 생산성을 감소시켰고, 결과적으로 (3) 생산성 향상의 효과는 누리지 못하였다고 할 수 있다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2018S1A5A8027813).

References

  1. M. Pianta. (2004). The impact of innovation on jobs, skills and wages. Economia e Lavoro, 1, 10-41.
  2. D. H. Autor. (2015). Why are there still so many jobs? The history and future of workplace automation. Journal of Economic Perspectives 29(3), 3-30. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.29.3.3
  3. World Economic Forum. (2020) The future of jobs report 2020. Geneva, Switzerland: World Economic Forum.
  4. J. C. Wood. (1987). Karl Marx's economics: critical assessments (Vol. 1). Psychology Press.
  5. T. R. Malthus & J. Pullen. (1989). TR Malthus: Principles of Political Economy (Vol. 2). Cambridge University Press.
  6. P. S. Mortensen & C. W. Bloch. (2005). Oslo Manual-Guidelines for collecting and interpreting innovation data. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development .
  7. H. Feldmann. (2011). Central bank independence, wage bargaining, and labor market performance: new evidence. Southern Economic Journal, 77(3), 692-725. https://doi.org/10.4284/sej.2011.77.3.692
  8. H. Feldmann. (2013). Technological unemployment in industrial countries. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 23(5), 1099-1126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00191-013-0308-6
  9. M. Vivarelli. (2014). Innovation, employment and skills in advanced and developing countries: A survey of economic literature. Journal of Economic Issues, 48(1), 123-154. https://doi.org/10.2753/JEI0021-3624480106
  10. E. Meschi, E. Taymaz & M. Vivarelli. (2011). Trade, technology and skills: evidence from Turkish microdata. Labour Economics, 18, 60-70.
  11. G. Bonanno. (2016). ICT and R&D as inputs or efficiency determinants? Analysing Italian manufacturing firms (2007-2009). Eurasian Business Review, 6(3), 383-404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40821-015-0035-z
  12. OCDE. (2016). Automatisation et travail independant dans une economie numerique, Syntheses sur l'avenir du travail, Editions OCDE, Paris.
  13. K. Matuzeviciute, M. Butkus & A. Karaliute, (2017). Do Technological Innovations Affect Unemployment? Some Empirical Evidence from European Countries. Economies, 5(4), 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies5040048
  14. A. P. Bartel. (1994). Productivity gains from the implementation of employee training programs. Industrial relations: Journal of Economy and Society, 33(4), 411-425. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-232X.1994.tb00349.x
  15. J. F. Kirkegaard (2008). Offshoring, outsourcing and production relocations-labor market effects in the OECD and developing Asia. The Singapore Economic Review, 53(03), 371-418. https://doi.org/10.1142/S021759080800304X
  16. J. Walker. (1981). Markets, Industrial Processes and Class Struggle: The Evolution of the Labor Process in the UK Engineering Industry. Review of Radical Political Economics, 12(4), 46-59. https://doi.org/10.1177/048661348101200403
  17. F. Ranft & R. Thillaye. (2015). Rapidly changing labour markets: Is EU flexicurity still the answer?. Progressive Structural Reforms, 193.
  18. S. R. Barley. (1990). The alignment of technology and structure through roles and networks. Administrative Science Quarterly, 61-103
  19. T. J. Ha. (2007). Structural change of employment and job creation in the Korean manufacturing sector. Asian Journal of Technology Innovation, 15(1), 149-165. https://doi.org/10.1080/19761597.2007.9668633
  20. Y. Nho. (2017), Employment Effects of Workplace Innovation, Korea Journal of Labor Studies, 23(2), 141-167.
  21. A. Barrett & P. J. O'Connell. (2001). Does training generally work? The returns to in-company training. ILR Review, 54(3), 647-662. https://doi.org/10.1177/001979390105400307
  22. E. Feltrinelli, R. Gabriele & S. Trento. (2017). The impact of middle manager training on productivity: A test on Italian companies. Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 56(2), 293-318. https://doi.org/10.1111/irel.12174
  23. K. L. Dewenter & P. H. Malatesta. (2001). State-owned and privately owned firms: An empirical analysis of profitability, leverage, and labor intensity. American Economic Review, 91(1), 320-334. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.91.1.32
  24. R. Iyengar, C. Vanden-Bulte & T. W. Valente. (2011). Opinion leadership and social contagion in new product diffusion. Marketing Science, 30(2), 195-212. https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.1100.0566
  25. K. Toker-Yildiz, M Trivedi, J. Choi & S. R. Chang (2017). Social interactions and monetary incentives in driving consumer repeat behavior. Journal of Marketing Research, 54(3), 364-380. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmr.13.0482
  26. F. Postel-Vinay (2002) The dynamics of technological unemployment. International Economic Review 43(3), 737-760 https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2354.t01-1-00033
  27. M. Doms, T. Dunne & K. R. Troske. (1997). Workers, wages, and technology. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112(1), 253-290. https://doi.org/10.1162/003355397555181
  28. H. David & D. Dorn. (2013). The growth of low-skill service jobs and the polarization of the US labor market. American Economic Review, 103(5), 1553-97. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.5.1553
  29. A. P. Bartel. (1994). Productivity gains from the implementation of employee training programs. Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 33(4), 411-425. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-232X.1994.tb00349.x
  30. D. Acemoglu & P. Restrepo. (2018). The race between man and machine: Implications of technology for growth, factor shares, and employment. American Economic Review, 108(6), 1488-1542. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20160696
  31. J. Song, D. J. Price, F. Guvenen, N. Bloom & T. Von Wachter. (2019). Firming up inequality. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 134(1), 1-50. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjy025
  32. G. Graetz & G. Michaels. (2018). Robots at work. Review of Economics and Statistics, 100(5), 753-768. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_00754
  33. S. Rao, J. Tang & W. Wang. (2008). What explains the Canada-US labour productivity gap? Canadian Public Policy, 34(2), 163-192. https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.34.2.163
  34. E. Brynjolfsson, D. Rock & C. Syverson. (2021). The productivity J-curve: How intangibles complement general purpose technologies. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 13(1), 333-72. https://doi.org/10.1257/mac.20180386
  35. M. Wooden & A. Hawke. (2000). Unions and the employment growth: panel data evidence. Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 39(1), 88-107. https://doi.org/10.1111/0019-8676.00154