Acknowledgement
This work was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant from the Korean government (MSIT) (No. 2021R1G1A1004556) and a Korea Medical Device Development Fund grant from the Korean government (Ministry of Science and ICT, Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Ministry of Health & Welfare, and Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) (Project Number: KMDF_PR_20200901_0307-2021-03).
References
- Guo J, Li C, Zhang Q, Wu G, Deacon SA, Chen J, et al. Secondary bone grafting for alveolar cleft in children with cleft lip or cleft lip and palate. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011;(6):CD008050.
- Chattopadhyay D, Vathulya M, Naithani M, Jayaprakash PA, Palepu S, Bandyopadhyay A, et al. Frequency of anemia and micronutrient deficiency among children with cleft lip and palate: a single-center cross-sectional study from Uttarakhand, India. Arch Craniofac Surg 2021;22:33-7. https://doi.org/10.7181/acfs.2020.00472
- Skoog T. The use of periosteum and surgicel for bone restoration in congenital clefts of the maxilla: a clinical report and experimental investigation. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 1967;1:113-30.
- Matic DB, Power SM. Evaluating the success of gingivoperiosteoplasty versus secondary bone grafting in patients with unilateral clefts. Plast Reconstr Surg 2008;121:1343-53. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000304604.89450.ae
- Hsieh CH, Ko EW, Chen PK, Huang CS. The effect of gingivaperiosteoplasty on facial growth in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2010;47:439-46. https://doi.org/10.1597/08-207
- Kyung H, Kang N. Management of alveolar cleft. Arch Craniofac Surg 2015;16:49-52. https://doi.org/10.7181/acfs.2015.16.2.49
- Carbullido MK, Dean RA, Kamel GN, Davis GL, Hornacek M, Segal RM, et al. Long-term treatment outcomes of primary alveolar bone grafts for alveolar clefts: a qualitative systematic review. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2022;59:86-97. https://doi.org/10.1177/1055665621995047
- Dao AM, Goudy SL. Cleft palate repair, gingivoperiosteoplasty, and alveolar bone grafting. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2016;24:467-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsc.2016.06.005
- Lee S, Kim S, Kim J, Park C. The long-term results of early rib bone graft in the alveolar cleft. J Korean Cleft Palate-Craniofac Assoc 2005;6:11-6.
- Kang NH. Current methods for the treatment of alveolar cleft. Arch Plast Surg 2017;44:188-93. https://doi.org/10.5999/aps.2017.44.3.188
- Boyne PJ, Sands NR. Secondary bone grafting of residual alveolar and palatal clefts. J Oral Surg 1972;30:87-92.
- Brattstrom V, McWilliam J. The influence of bone grafting age on dental abnormalities and alveolar bone height in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Eur J Orthod 1989;11:351-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.ejo.a036006
- Keese E, Schmelzle R. New findings concerning early bone grafting procedures in patients with cleft lip and palate. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 1995;23:296-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010-5182(05)80159-3
- Mueller AA, Zschokke I, Brand S, Hockenjos C, Zeilhofer HF, Schwenzer-Zimmerer K. One-stage cleft repair outcome at age 6- to 18-years: a comparison to the Eurocleft study data. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012;50:762-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2012.02.002
- Lynch JB, Wisner HK, Evans RM, Barnett R, Lewis SR. Cephalometric study of maxillary growth five years after alveolar bone grafting of cleft palate infants. Plast Reconstr Surg 1970;46:564-7. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006534-197012000-00005
- Enany NM. A cephalometric study of the effects of primary osteoplasty in unilateral cleft lip and palate individuals. Cleft Palate J 1981;18:286-92.
- Rosenstein SW, Monroe CW, Kernahan DA, Jacobson BN, Griffith BH, Bauer BS. The case of early bone grafting in cleft lip and cleft palate. Plast Reconstr Surg 1982;70:297-309. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006534-198209000-00001
- Eppley BL. Alveolar cleft bone grafting (part I): primary bone grafting. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1996;54:74-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-2391(96)90310-9
- Friede H, Johanson B. Adolescent facial morphology of early bone-grafted cleft lip and palate patients. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 1982;16:41-53.
- Robertson NR, Jolleys A. An 11-year follow-up of the effects of early bone grafting in infants born with complete clefts of the lip and palate. Br J Plast Surg 1983;36:438-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/0007-1226(83)90124-8
- Smahel Z, Mullerova Z, Nejedly A, Horak I. Changes in craniofacial development due to modifications of the treatment of unilateral cleft lip and palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 1998;35:240-7. https://doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1998_035_0240_cicddt_2.3.co_2
- Smahel Z, Mullerova Z. Effects of primary periosteoplasty on facial growth in unilateral cleft lip and palate: 10-year followup. Cleft Palate J 1988;25:356-61.
- Tomanova M, Mullerova Z. Effects of primary bone grafting on facial development in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate. Acta Chir Plast 1994;36:38-41.
- Trotman CA, Long RE Jr, Rosenstein SW, Murphy C, Johnston LE Jr. Comparison of facial form in primary alveolar bonegrafted and nongrafted unilateral cleft lip and palate patients: intercenter retrospective study. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 1996;33:91-5. https://doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1996_033_0091_coffip_2.3.co_2
- Mullerova Z, Smahel Z. Effects of primary osteoplasty on facial growth in unilateral cleft lip and palate after ten years of followup. Acta Chir Plast 1989;31:181-91.
- Suzuki A, Goto K, Nakamura N, Honda Y, Ohishi M, Tashiro H, et al. Cephalometric comparison of craniofacial morphology between primary bone grafted and nongrafted complete unilateral cleft lip and palate adults. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 1996;33:429-35. https://doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1996_033_0429_ccocmb_2.3.co_2
- Grisius TM, Spolyar J, Jackson IT, Bello-Rojas G, Dajani K. Assessment of cleft lip and palate patients treated with presurgical orthopedic correction and either primary bone grafts, gingivoperiosteoplasty, or without alveolar grafting procedures. J Craniofac Surg 2006;17:468-73. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001665-200605000-00013
- Dissaux C, Bodin F, Grollemund B, Bridonneau T, Kauffmann I, Mattern JF, et al. Evaluation of success of alveolar cleft bone graft performed at 5 years versus 10 years of age. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2016;44:21-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcms.2015.09.003
- El Deeb M, Messer LB, Lehnert MW, Hebda TW, Waite DE. Canine eruption into grafted bone in maxillary alveolar cleft defects. Cleft Palate J 1982;19:9-16.
- Bergland O, Semb G, Abyholm FE. Elimination of the residual alveolar cleft by secondary bone grafting and subsequent orthodontic treatment. Cleft Palate J 1986;23:175-205.
- Vandersluis YR, Fisher DM, Stevens K, Tompson BD, Lou W, Suri S. Comparison of dental outcomes in patients with non-syndromic complete unilateral cleft lip and palate who receive secondary alveolar bone grafting before or after emergence of the permanent maxillary canine. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020;157:668-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.11.012
- Ozawa T, Omura S, Fukuyama E, Matsui Y, Torikai K, Fujita K. Factors influencing secondary alveolar bone grafting in cleft lip and palate patients: prospective analysis using CT image analyzer. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2007;44:286-91. https://doi.org/10.1597/06-054
- Doucet JC, Russell KA, Daskalogiannakis J, Mercado AM, Emanuele N, James L, et al. Facial growth of patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate treated with alveolar bone grafting at 6 years. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2019;56:619-27. https://doi.org/10.1177/1055665618792791
- Jodeh DS, Pringle AJ, Crisp T, Rottgers SA. Factors influencing timely preparation of alveolar bone grafting: a survey of the ACPA. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2020;57:1061-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/1055665620924935
- Denny AD, Talisman R, Bonawitz SC. Secondary alveolar bone grafting using milled cranial bone graft: a retrospective study of a consecutive series of 100 patients. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 1999;36:144-53. https://doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1999_036_0144_sabgum_2.3.co_2
- Burchardt H. The biology of bone graft repair. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1983;(174):28-42.
- Kortebein MJ, Nelson CL, Sadove AM. Retrospective analysis of 135 secondary alveolar cleft grafts using iliac or calvarial bone. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1991;49:493-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-2391(91)90172-I
- Lee SW, Kim JY, Hong KY, Choi TH, Kim BJ, Kim S. The effect of biphasic calcium phosphate and demineralized bone matrix on tooth eruption in mongrel dogs. Arch Craniofac Surg 2021;22:239-46. https://doi.org/10.7181/acfs.2021.00325
- Dissaux C, Ruffenach L, Bruant-Rodier C, George D, Bodin F, Remond Y. Cleft alveolar bone graft materials: literature review. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2022;59:336-46. https://doi.org/10.1177/10556656211007692
- LaRossa D, Buchman S, Rothkopf DM, Mayro R, Randall P. A comparison of iliac and cranial bone in secondary grafting of alveolar clefts. Plast Reconstr Surg 1995;96:789-99. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199509001-00004
- Zins JE, Whitaker LA. Membranous versus endochondral bone: implications for craniofacial reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg 1983;72:778-85. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006534-198312000-00005
- Rosenthal AH, Buchman SR. Volume maintenance of inlay bone grafts in the craniofacial skeleton. Plast Reconstr Surg 2003;112:802-11. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PRS.0000069713.62687.F5
- Hudak KA, Hettinger P, Denny AD. Cranial bone grafting for alveolar clefts: a 25-year review of outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg 2014;133:662e-668e. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000000109
- Han K, Jeong W, Yeo H, Choi J, Kim J, Son D, et al. Long-term results of secondary alveolar bone grafting using a technique to harvest pure calvarial cancellous bone: evaluation based on plain radiography and computed tomography. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2017;70:352-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2016.10.018
- Rawashdeh MA, Telfah H. Secondary alveolar bone grafting: the dilemma of donor site selection and morbidity. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008;46:665-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2008.07.184
- Kalaaji A, Lilja J, Elander A, Friede H. Tibia as donor site for alveolar bone grafting in patients with cleft lip and palate: long-term experience. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg 2001;35:35-42. https://doi.org/10.1080/02844310151032538
- Al Harbi H, Al Yamani A. Long-term follow-up of tibial bone graft for correction of alveolar cleft. Ann Maxillofac Surg 2012;2:146-52. https://doi.org/10.4103/2231-0746.101341
- Kraut RA. The use of allogeneic bone for alveolar cleft grafting. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1987;64:278-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(87)90003-X
- Kumar V, Rattan V, Rai S, Singh SP, Mahajan JK. Comparative assessment of autogenous cancellous bone graft and bovine-derived demineralized bone matrix for secondary alveolar bone grafting in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2021 Jun 17 [Epub]. https://doi.org/10.1177/10556656211025197.
- Hammoudeh JA, Fahradyan A, Gould DJ, Liang F, Imahiyerobo T, Urbinelli L, et al. A comparative analysis of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 with a demineralized bone matrix versus iliac crest bone graft for secondary alveolar bone grafts in patients with cleft lip and palate: review of 501 cases. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017;140:318e-325e. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0000000000003519
- Alonso N, Risso GH, Denadai R, Raposo-Amaral CE. Effect of maxillary alveolar reconstruction on nasal symmetry of cleft lip and palate patients: a study comparing iliac crest bone graft and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2014;67:1201-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2014.05.014
- Liang F, Leland H, Jedrzejewski B, Auslander A, Maniskas S, Swanson J, et al. Alternatives to autologous bone graft in alveolar cleft reconstruction: the state of alveolar tissue engineering. J Craniofac Surg 2018;29:584-93. https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000004300
- Murthy AS, Lehman JA. Evaluation of alveolar bone grafting: a survey of ACPA teams. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2005;42:99-101. https://doi.org/10.1597/03-045.1
- Kindelan JD, Nashed RR, Bromige MR. Radiographic assessment of secondary autogenous alveolar bone grafting in cleft lip and palate patients. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 1997;34:195-8. https://doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1997_034_0195_raosaa_2.3.co_2
- Enemark H, Sindet-Pedersen S, Bundgaard M. Long-term results after secondary bone grafting of alveolar clefts. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1987;45:913-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-2391(87)90439-3
- Abyholm FE, Bergland O, Semb G. Secondary bone grafting of alveolar clefts: a surgical/orthodontic treatment enabling a non-prosthodontic rehabilitation in cleft lip and palate patients. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 1981;15:127-40.
- Witherow H, Cox S, Jones E, Carr R, Waterhouse N. A new scale to assess radiographic success of secondary alveolar bone grafts. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2002;39:255-60. https://doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_2002_039_0255_anstar_2.0.co_2
- Jauhar P, Macdonald T, Patel B, Hay N. An evaluation of alveolar bone grafting in the UK and Ireland. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2018;55:57-63. https://doi.org/10.1177/1055665617723634
- Stasiak M, Wojtaszek-Slominska A, Racka-Pilszak B. A novel method for alveolar bone grafting assessment in cleft lip and palate patients: cone-beam computed tomography evaluation. Clin Oral Investig 2021;25:1967-75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03505-z