Journal of Veterinary Clinics (한국임상수의학회지)

The Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics (한국임상수의학회)
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Accuracy of Thoracolumbar Spine K-Wire Placement in Toy, Small and Medium Breed Dogs: Novice Surgeons with 3D Printed Patient-Specific Guide versus an Experienced Surgeon with Freehand Techniques

  • Hwa-Joeng, Shin (Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Hae-Beom, Lee (Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Yoon-Ho, Roh (Division of Small Animal Surgery, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern)
  • Received : 2022.07.09
  • Accepted : 2022.11.23
  • Published : 2022.12.31
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Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technique has been widely used for accurate screw and pin placement in orthopedic surgery and neurosurgery. However, there are few reports comparing the accuracy between the patient-specific guides and freehand Kirschner wire (K-wire) placement in toy, small and medium breed dogs. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of 3D printed patient-specific guides (PSGs) in pin insertion in the thoracolumbar vertebrae of toy breed dogs and compare the outcomes between novice and experienced surgeons. The experiment was conducted on the thoracolumbar vertebrae of 21 euthanized toy breed dogs (median weight, 5.95 kg). The optimal insertion angle placement was determined and patient-specific guides for K-wire insertion were designed and 3D printed using computed tomography (CT) and a 3D computer-aided design program of three vertebrae (Thoracic 12-Lumbar 1). K-wire tracts were made by experienced and novice surgeons and compared to assess the accuracy based on postoperative CT. Based on postoperative CT, in the experienced group, 61 out of 63 pins (96.8%) were fully contained inside the vertebral body and lamina, whereas two pins (3.2%) had perforated the vertebral canal (grade 3, 2-4 mm breach). However, all the pins in the novice group were fully contained. The use of 3D printed PSGs for pin insertion in the thoracolumbar region is an accurate and safe alternative to freehand screw placement by novice surgeons in toy, small and medium breed dogs. Operations with 3D printed PSGs allow novice surgeons to achieve better or similar outcomes in accurate placement of pin/screws in vertebrae.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This study was supported by the research fund of Chungnam National University.

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