Abstract
With the advent of the Internet and the development of mobile digital devices such as smartphones and tablet PCs, the communication service paradigm began to shift from existing voice services to data services. Recently, as social network services (SNS) are activated and 4th industrial revolution technologies centered on ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) such as Big Data, Blockchain, Cloud, and 5G/6G are rapidly developed, the amount of shared data type and the amount of data are increasing rapidly. As the transition to a digital society begins actively, the importance of using data information, as well as the economic and social values of personal information are becoming increasingly important. As a result, they are actively discussing policies to revitalize the data information industry around the world and ways to efficiently obtain, analyze, and utilize increasingly diverse and vast data, as well as to protect/guarantee the rights of information subjects (providers) in various fields such as society, culture, economy, and politics.. In this paper, in order to improve the self-determination right of personal information on data produced by information subjects, and further expand the use of safe data and the data economy, a differentiated data trusts system was considered and suggested. In addition, the components and data trusts procedures necessary to efficiently operate the data trusts system in Korea were considered, and the non-profit data trusts system and the for-profit data trusts system were considered as a way to flexibly operate the data trusts system. Furthermore, the legal items necessary for the implementation of the data trusts system were investigated and considered. In this paper, in order to propose a domestic data trusts system, cases related to existing data trusts systems such as the United States, Japan, and Korea were reviewed and analyzed. In addition, in order to prepare legislation necessary for the data trusts system, data-related laws in major countries and domestic legal and policy trends were reviewed to study the rights that conflict or overlap with existing laws, and differences were investigated and considered. The Data trusts system proposed in this paper is a reasonable system that is expected to recognize the asset value of data in the capitalist market economy system, to provide legitimate compensation for data produced by data subjects, and further to contribute greatly to the use of safe data and creation of a new service market.
데이터 경제는 현대 사회에서 디지털 혁신과 함께 빠르게 성장하고 있다. 기업은 다양한 유형의 데이터를 수집·활용하여 새로운 수익을 창출하길 희망하고, 개인정보를 포함한 데이터의 가치는 더욱 높아지고 있다. 하지만 데이터 산업 정책에 대한 연구 중 정보 주체에 대한 논의는 부족한 상황이다. 개인정보는 보호 가치를 넘어서 높은 유용성을 가지고 있다. 이러한 관점에서 데이터 신탁제도는 개인정보의 안전한 활용을 위한 좋은 해결책이다. 데이터 신탁을 활용한 구글의 토론토 스마트시티 구축 사례, 일본의 정보은행 사례, 국내 최초의 데이터 배당을 시도한 경기도의 사례를 소개한다. 데이터 신탁 사례와 동향 파악을 통해 데이터 신탁 개념을 명확히 하고 제도 활성화에 필요한 기술적 요인을 추출하고 비즈니스 모델을 제안하고자 한다. 이를 시사점으로 하여 데이터 신탁제도를 통해 안전한 데이터의 활용과 새로운 서비스 시장 창출뿐만 아니라 새로운 데이터 경제를 구성하는데 크게 기여할 것으로 기대한다.