Wind and Structures

  • 제34권3호
  • /
  • Pages.291-301
  • /
  • 2022
  • /
  • 1226-6116(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1598-6225(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Structural design methodology for lightweight supporting structure of a multi-rotor wind turbine

  • Park, Hyeon Jin (Graduate school of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University) ;
  • Oh, Min Kyu (Graduate school of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University) ;
  • Park, Soonok (Department of Engineering Automotive, Dong Seoul University) ;
  • Yoo, Jeonghoon (School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University)
  • 투고 : 2021.06.22
  • 심사 : 2021.12.07
  • 발행 : 2022.03.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Although mostly used in wind turbine market, single rotor wind turbines have problems with transportation and installation costs due to their large size. In order to solve such problems, multi-rotor wind turbine is being proposed; however, light weight design of multi-rotor wind turbine is required considering the installation at offshore or deep sea. This study proposes the systematic design process of the multi-rotor wind turbine focused on its supporting structure with simultaneous consideration of static and dynamic behaviors in an ideal situation. 2D and successive 3D topology optimization process based on the density method were applied to minimize the compliance of supporting structure. To realize the conceptual design obtained by topology optimization for manufacturing feasibility, the derived 3D structure was modified to have shell structures and optimized again through parametric design using the design of experiments and the response surface method for detail design of their thicknesses and radii. The resultant structure was determined to satisfy the stress and the buckling load constraint as well as to minimize the weight and the resultant supporting structure were verified numerically.

키워드

과제정보

This research was supported by the Korea institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) grant funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Republic of Korea (No. 20204030200010) and also supported by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (NRF-2019R1A2B5B01069788).

참고문헌

  1. Bastankhah, M. and Abkar, M. (2019), "Multirotor wind turbine wakes", Phys. Fluids, 31, 085106. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5097285.
  2. Bendsoe, M.P. (1989), "Optimal shape design as a material distribution problem", Struct. Optim., 1, 193-202. https://doi.org//10.1007/BF01650949.
  3. Bendsoe, M.P. and Kikuchi, N. (1988), "Generating optimal topologies in structural design using a homogenization method", Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng., 71(2), 197-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7825(88)90086-2.
  4. Bendsoe, M.P. and Sigmund, O. (2003), Topology Optimization: Theory, Methods and Applications, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
  5. Bendsoe, M.P., Haber, R.B. and Jog, C.S. (1996), "A new approach to variable-topology shape design using a constraint on perimeter", Struct. Optim., 11, 1-12. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1007/BF01279647.
  6. Braimah, M.N., Anozie, A.N. and Odejobi, O.J. (2016), "Utilization of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in the Optimization of Crude Oil Refinery Process, New Port-Harcourt Refinery, Nigeria", J. Eng. Sci. Technol. 3, 4361-4369.
  7. Chasapogiannis, P., Prospathopoulous, J.M., Voutsinas, S.G. and Chaviaropoulous, T.K. (2014), "Analysis of the aerodynamic performance of the multi-rotor concept", J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 524: 012084. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/524/1/012084.
  8. Choi, J.S., Yamada, T., Izui, K., Nishiwaki, S. and Yoo, J. (2011), "Topology optimization using a reaction-diffusion equation", Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng., 200(29-32), 2407-2420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2011.04.013.
  9. Dabrowski, D., Natarajan, A. and Stehouwer, E. (2015), "Structural optimization of an innovative 10 MW wind turbine nacelle", EWEA Annual Event and Exhibition.
  10. David, S., Dominik, J.S. and Martin, K. (2013), "Nonlinear model predictive control of wind turbines using LIDAR", Wind Energ., 16: 1107-1129. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.1533.
  11. Gebraad, P.M.O., Teeuwisse, F.W., van Wingerden, J.W., Fleming, P.A., Ruben, S.D., Marden, J.R. and Pao, L.Y. (2016), "Wind plant power optimization through yaw control using a parametric model for wake effect-a CFD simulation study", Wind Energ., 19, 95-114. https://doi.org/10.1002/we.1822.
  12. Ghaisas, N.S., Ghate, A.S. and Lele, S.K. (2018), "Large-eddy simulation study of multi-rotor wind turbines", J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 1037, 072021. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1037/7/072021.
  13. Ghaisas, N.S., Ghate, A.S. and Lele, S.K. (2020), "Effect of tip spacing, thrust coefficient and turbine spacing in multi-rotor wind turbines and farms", Wind Energy Sci., 5, 51-72. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-51-2020.
  14. Jamieson, P. and Branney, M. (2012), "Multi-Rotors; A Solution to 20 MW and Beyond?", Energy Procedia, 24, 52-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.06.086
  15. Jamieson, P. and Branney, M. (2019), "Structural Considerations of a 20MW Multi-Rotor wind Energy System", J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 555, https://doi.org/012013.10.1016/j.egypro.2012.06.086.
  16. Jang, S., Goh, C.H. and Choi, H.J. (2015), "Multiphase design exploration method for lightweight structural design: example of vehicle mounted antenna-supporting structure", Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf., 2(3), 281-287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40684-015-0034-7.
  17. Jonkman, J., Butterfield, S., Musial, W. and Scott, G. (2009), "Definition of a 5MW reference wind turbine for offshore system development", NREL. TP-500-38060, Golden Co.
  18. Kim, Y., Yoo, J. and Lee, M. (2012), "Optimal design of spaced plates under hypervelocity impact", J. Mech. Sci. Tecnol., 26(5), 1567-1575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-012-0327-5.
  19. Kutuk, M.A. and Gov. I. (2014), "Optimum bracing design under wind load by using topology optimization", Wind. Struct., 18(5), 497-510. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2014.18.5.497.
  20. Lee, Y.S., Gonzalez, J.A., Lee, J.H., Kim, Y.I., Park, K.C. and Han, S.H. (2016), "Structural topology optimization of the transition piece for an offshore wind turbine with jacket foundation", Renew. Energ., 85, 1214-1225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.052.
  21. Li, Y., Paik, K., Xing, T. and Carrica, P.M. (2012), "Dynamic overset CFD simulations of wind turbine aerodynamics", Renew. Energ., 37, 285-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2011.06.029.
  22. Liu, X., Chen, Y. and Ye, Z. (2007), "Optimization model for rotor blades of horizontal axis wind turbines", Front. Mech. Eng., 2, 483-488. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-007-0084-9.
  23. Mate, G.M. (2014), Development of a support structure for Multi-Rotor Wind Turbines, Master Thesis, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
  24. Moretti, M. and Silva, E.C.N. (2019), "Topology optimization of piezoelectric bi-material actuators with velocity feedback control", Front. Mech. Eng., 14, 190-200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-019-0537-y.
  25. Osher, S.J. and Santosa, F. (2001), "Level set method for optimization problems involving geometry and constraints: I. Frequencies of a two-density inhomogeneous drum", J. Comput. Phys., 171, 272-288. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcph.2001.6789.
  26. Sandhu, N.S. and Chanana, S. (2018), "Performance and economic analysis of multi-rotor wind turbine", Emitter Int. J. Eng. Technol., 6(2), 289-316. https://doi.org/10.24003/emitter.v6i2.298.
  27. Sethian, J.A. and Wiegmann, A. (2000), "Structural boundary design via level-set and immersed interface methods", J. Comput. Phys., 163, 489-528. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcph.2000.6581.
  28. Sigmund, O. (2007), "Morphology-based black and white filters for topology optimization", Struct. Multidiscipl. Optim., 33, 401-424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-006-0087-x
  29. Sigmund, O. and Peterson, J. (1998), "Numerical instabilities in topology optimization: A survey on procedures dealing with checkerboards, mesh-dependencies and local minima", Struct. Multidiscipl. Optim., 16, 68-75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-006-0087-x.
  30. Smulders, P.T., Orbons, S. and Moes, C. (1984), "Aerodynamic interaction of two rotors set next to each other in one plane", EWEC Proc. Int. Conf. Hamburg. 529-533.
  31. Svanberg, K. (1987), "The method of moving asymptotes-a new method for structural optimization", Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng., 24(2), 359-373. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240207
  32. Svanberg, K. (2002), "A class of globally convergent optimization methods based on conservative convex separable approximations", SIAM J., 12(2), 555-573. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620240207.
  33. Takezawa, A., Nishiwaki, S. and Kitamura, M. (2010), "Shape and topology optimization based on the phase field method and sensitivity analysis", J. Comput. Phys., 229, 2697-2718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2009.12.017.
  34. Van der Laan, M.P., Andersen, S.J., Garcia, N.R., Angelou, N., Pirrung, G.R., Ott, S., Sjoholm, M., Sorensen, K.H., Vianna Neto, J.X., Kelly, M., Mikkelsen, T.K. and Larsen, G.C. (2019), "Power curve and wake analyses of the Vestas multi-rotor demonstrator", Wind Energy Sci., 4, 251-271. https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-251-2019.
  35. Wang, M.Y., Wang, X. and Guo, D.A. (2003), "Level set method for structural topology optimization", Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng., 192(1-2), 227-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-7825(02)00559-5.
  36. Watt, J.P. (1980), "Clarification of the Hashin-Shtrikman bounds on the effective elastic moduli of polycrystals with hexagonal, trigonal, and tetragonal symmetries", J. Appl. Phys., 51, 1525. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.327804.
  37. Yi, P., Dong, L. and Shi, T. (2014), "Multi-objective genetic algorithms based structural optimization and experimental investigation of the planet carrier in wind turbine gearbox", Front. Mech. Eng., 9, 354-367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-014-0319-5.
  38. Yi, P., Huang, P. and Shi, T. (2016), "Numerical analysis and experimental investigation of modal properties for the gearbox in wind turbine", Front. Mech. Eng., 11, 388-402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-016-0404-z.
  39. Zhang, S., Yin, J., Liu, Y., Sha, Z., Ma, F., Wang, Y. and Rolfe, B. (2018), "Multiobjective structure topology optimization of wind turbine brake pads considering thermal-structural coupling and brake vibration", Math. Probl. Eng., 2018, 7625273. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7625273.