Women's Health Nursing (여성건강간호학회지)

Korean Society of Women Health Nursing (한국여성건강간호학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Korean healthcare providers' attitude, knowledge, and behaviors regarding sexual orientation and gender identity: a cross-sectional survey

  • Received : 2022.02.04
  • Accepted : 2022.03.11
  • Published : 2022.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: This study investigated Korean healthcare providers' attitudes toward sexual and gender minority (SGM) persons and their knowledge and behavior concerning the collection of data on sexual orientation and gender identity (SO/GI). Methods: In this cross-sectional, descriptive study, 137 Korean healthcare providers were recruited through convenience sampling from internet communities for medical professionals. A structured questionnaire was created using Google Surveys. The Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman correlation analysis were performed. Results: The sample was mostly women (80.3%) and nurses (83.9%), who had overall negative attitudes toward SGM persons and low levels of knowledge and behavior with regard to the collection of patients' SO/GI data. Participants in their 20s, who were religious, and had clinical experiences in treating or providing nursing care for SGM persons had higher levels of knowledge about the collection of SO/GI data. The level of engagement in collecting SO/GI data was higher among women and in their 20s and 30s, unreligious participants, nurses, and those with less than 10 years of clinical experience. Positive attitudes toward SGM persons were associated with higher levels of knowledge, but lower levels of behavior, regarding the collection of SO/GI data. Conclusion: It is important to recognize the diversity of patients' SO/GI and to collect the corresponding information. To this end, it is necessary to develop and use a standardized SO/GI form. Healthcare providers should also receive education and training related to the health of SGM persons to resolve health problems that disproportionately affect SGM persons and related health disparities.

Keywords

References

  1. Sexual and Gender Minority Research Office. NIH FY 2021-2025 Strategic plan to advance research on the health and well-being of sexual and gender minorities. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health; 2019. 19 p.
  2. Jones JM. LGBT identification rises to 5.6% in latest U.S. estimate [Internet]. Washington, D.C.: Gallup; 2021 Feb 24 [cited 2022 Mar 22]. Available from: https://news.gallup.com/poll/329708/lgbt-identification-rises-latest-estimate.aspx
  3. Park DH. Ambassadors from six countries announced their first joint position, "The international community will continue to support the queer culture festival." The Hankyoreh. 2019 Jun 2; Sect. Human rights welfare.
  4. Seok SH, Chang A. Change of discriminatory territories and attitudes in Korea. Hanguksahoe. 2016;17(1):81-122. https://doi.org/10.22862/kjsr.2016.17.1.003
  5. Korean Association for LGBTI Studies. Rainbows want more colors: beyond the hate of LGBTQ, with the expansion of human rights. Seoul: Changbi Publishers; 2019. 370 p.
  6. Kosciw JG, Greytak EA, Palmer NA, Boesen MJ. The 2013 national school climate survey: the experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and gender and transgender youth in our nation's schools. New York: GLSEN; 2014. 139 p.
  7. Ploderl M, Tremblay P. Mental health of sexual minorities. A systematic review. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2015;27(5):367-385. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2015.1083949
  8. Caceres BA, Brody A, Luscombe RE, Primiano JE, Marusca P, Sitts EM, et al. A systematic review of cardiovascular disease in sexual minorities. Am J Public Health. 2017;107(4):e13-e21. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303630
  9. Lee H, Park J, Choi B, Yi H, Kim SS. Experiences of and barriers to transition-related healthcare among Korean transgender adults: focus on gender identity disorder diagnosis, hormone therapy, and sex reassignment surgery. Epidemiol Health. 2018;40:e2018005. https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2018005
  10. Jackson CL, Agenor M, Johnson DA, Austin SB, Kawachi I. Sexual orientation identity disparities in health behaviors, outcomes, and services use among men and women in the United States: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2016;16(1):807. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3467-1
  11. Calzo JP, Austin SB, Micali N. Sexual orientation disparities in eating disorder symptoms among adolescent boys and girls in the UK. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2018;27 (11):1483-1490. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-018-1145-9
  12. Shover CL, DeVost MA, Beymer MR, Gorbach PM, Flynn RP, Bolan RK. Using sexual orientation and gender identity to monitor disparities in HIV, sexually transmitted infections, and viral hepatitis. Am J Public Health. 2018;108(S4):S277-S283. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304751
  13. Truman JL, Morgan RE, Gilbert T, Vaghela P. Measuring sexual orientation and gender identity in the national crime victimization survey. J Off Stat. 2019;35(4):835-858. https://doi.org/10.2478/JOS-2019-0035
  14. Schabath MB, Curci MB, Kanetsky PA, Vadaparampil ST, Simmons VN, Sanchez JA, et al. Ask and tell: the importance of the collection of sexual orientation and gender identity data to improve the quality of cancer care for sexual and gender minorities. J Oncol Pract. 2017;13(8):542-546. https://doi.org/10.1200/JOP.2017.024281
  15. Brooks H, Llewellyn CD, Nadarzynski T, Pelloso FC, De Souza Guilherme F, Pollard A, et al. Sexual orientation disclosure in health care: a systematic review. Br J Gen Pract. 2018;68(668):e187-e196. https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp18X694841
  16. Jeong GH, Park HS, Kim KW, Kim YH, Lee SH, Kim HK. A concept analysis of cultural nursing competence. Korean J Women Health Nurs. 2016;22(2):86-95. https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2016.22.2.86
  17. Lee HM, Park JY, Kim SS. LGBTQI health research in South Korea: a systematic review. Health Soc Sci. 2014;36(9):43-76.
  18. Fisher AD, Castellini G, Ristori J, Casale H, Giovanardi G, Carone N, et al. Who has the worst attitudes toward sexual minorities? Comparison of transphobia and homophobia levels in gender dysphoric individuals, the general population and health care providers. J Endocrinol Invest. 2017;40(3):263-273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-016-0552-3
  19. Costa AB, de Lara Machado W, Ruschel Bandeira D, Nardi HC. Validation study of the revised version of the Scale of Prejudice Against Sexual and Gender Diversity in Brazil. J Homosex. 2016;63(11):1446-1463. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2016.1222829
  20. Maneesriwongul W, Dixon JK. Instrument translation process: a methods review. J Adv Nurs. 2004;48(2):175-186. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03185.x
  21. Rose JA. An evaluation of a hospital's communication cultural competence staff training to increase disclosure and data collection on sexual orientation and gender identity: toward reducing health disparities for lesbian, gay, bisexual and gender, and transgender patients [dissertation]. New York: Columbia University; 2019. 189 p.
  22. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Society at a glance 2019: OECD social indicators [Internet]. Paris: OECD Publishing; 2019 [cited 2020 Oct 12]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1787/soc_glance-2019-en
  23. Stucky JL, Dantas BM, Pocahy FA, de Queiroz Nogueira PH, Nardi HC, Costa AB. Prejudice against gender and sexual diversity in Brazilian public high schools. Sex Res Soc Policy. 2019;17:429-441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-019-00406-z
  24. O'Leary KB, Kunkel GH. Restructuring LGBTQ curriculum in medical schools. Acad Psychiatry. 2021;45(4):487-490. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40596-021-01414-1
  25. Kim MK. The influence of nurses' experience and homophobia toward sexual and gender minority patients on competency [dissertation]. Seoul: Chung-Ang University; 2016. 89 p.
  26. Morris M, Cooper RL, Ramesh A, Tabatabai M, Arcury TA, Shinn M, et al. Training to reduce LGBTQ-related bias among medical, nursing, and dental students and providers: a systematic review. BMC Med Educ. 2019;19(1):325. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-019-1727-3
  27. Healthcare Equality Index 2020: promoting equitable and inclusive care for LGBTQ patients and their families [Internet]. Washington, D.C.: Human Right Campaign Foundation; 2020 [cited 2021 Jul 2]. Available from: https://www.hrc.org/resources/healthcare-equality-index
  28. Cahill S, Grasso C, Keuroghlian A, Sciortino C, Mayer K. Sexual and gender minority health in the COVID-19 pandemic: why data collection and combatting discrimination matter now more than ever. Am J Public Health. 2020;110(9):1360-1361. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.305829
  29. Kodadek LM, Peterson S, Shields RY, German D, Ranjit A, Snyder C, et al. Collecting sexual orientation and gender identity information in the emergency department : the divide between patient and provider perspectives. Emerg Med J. 2019;36(3):136-141. https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed2018-207669
  30. Maragh-Bass AC, Torain M, Adler R, Schneider E, Ranjit A, Kodadek LM, et al. Risks, benefits, and importance of collecting sexual orientation and gender identity data in healthcare settings: a multi-method analysis of patient and provider perspectives. LGBT Health. 2017;4(2):141-152. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2016.0107
  31. Lee HM, Ryu SH. Recognition effect of cultural contents: focusing on changes in perception of sexual and gender minority. J Korea Contents Assoc. 2018;18(7):84-94. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2018.18.07.084
  32. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Healthy People 2030: LGBT objectives [Internet]. Washington, D.C: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2020 [cited 2021 Jul 3]. Available from: https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/lgbt
  33. Korea Health Promotion Institute, Ministry of Health and Welfare. The 5th National Health Plan (HP2030) [Internet]. Seoul: Author; 2021 [cited 2022 Mar 22]. Available from: https://www.khealth.or.kr/healthplaneng