Ocean Systems Engineering

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A computer based simulation model for the fatigue damage assessment of deep water marine riser

  • Pallana, Chirag A. (Design and Simulation Laboratory, Department of Ocean Engineering, IIT Madras) ;
  • Sharma, Rajiv (Design and Simulation Laboratory, Department of Ocean Engineering, IIT Madras)
  • Received : 2022.01.08
  • Accepted : 2022.03.08
  • Published : 2022.03.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

An analysis for the computation of Fatigue Damage Index (FDI) under the effects of the various combination of the ocean loads like random waves, current, platform motion and VIV (Vortex Induced Vibration) for a certain design water depth is a critically important part of the analysis and design of the marine riser platform integrated system. Herein, a 'Computer Simulation Model (CSM)' is developed to combine the advantages of the frequency domain and time domain. A case study considering a steel catenary riser operating in 1000 m water depth has been conducted with semi-submersible. The riser is subjected to extreme environmental conditions and static and dynamic response analyses are performed and the Response Amplitude Operators (RAOs) of the offshore platform are computed with the frequency domain solution. Later the frequency domain results are integrated with time domain analysis system for the dynamic analysis in time domain. After that an extensive post processing is done to compute the FDI of the marine riser. In the present paper importance is given to the nature of the current profile and the VIV. At the end we have reported the detail results of the FDI comparison with VIV and without VIV under the linear current velocity and the FDI comparison with linear and power law current velocity with and without VIV. We have also reported the design recommendations for the marine riser in the regions where the higher fatigue damage is observed and the proposed CSM is implemented in industrially used standard soft solution systems (i.e., OrcaFlex*TM and Ansys AQWA**TM), Ms-Excel***TM, and C++ programming language using its object oriented features.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by the internal research grants of IIT Madras, India via a scheme - OE14S006 and a scholarship scheme of the MHRD, GoI, India.

References

  1. Ahmad, S. and Datta, T.K. (1989), "Dynamic response of marine risers", Eng. Struct., 11(3), 179-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-0296(89)90005-9.
  2. Beer, F.P., Russell, E., Johnston, J.R., Dewolf, J.T. and Mazurek D.F. (2016), Mechanics of Materials, 6th edition, McGraw-Hill Science Engineering, USA.
  3. Blevins R. D. (2001), Flow-Induced Vibration, Krieger Publishing Company, USA.
  4. Bokaian, A. (1990), "Natural frequencies of beams under tensile axial loads", J. Sound Vib., 142(3), 481-498. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-460X(90)90663-K.
  5. Campbell, M. (1999), "The complexities of fatigue analysis for deepwater risers", Proceedings of the Deepwater Pipeline Conference, New Orleans, USA.
  6. Cengel, Y.A. and Cimbala, J.M. (2017), Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications, 4th Ed., McGraw-Hill Education, USA.
  7. Chen, W., Li, M., Guo, S. and Gan, K. (2014), "Dynamic analysis of coupling between floating top-end heave and riser's vortex-induced vibration by using finite element simulations", Appl. Ocean Res., 48, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2014.07.005.
  8. Coe, R.G. and Neary, V.S. (2014), "Review of methods for modelling wave energy converter survival in extreme sea states", Proceedings of the 2nd Marine Energy Technology Symposium (METS 2014), Seattle, WA, USA, April 15-18.
  9. Dahlquist, G. and Bjorck, A (2003), Numerical Methods, Dover Publications, UK.
  10. Danielssen, D.S., Edler, L, Fonselius, S., Henroth, L, Ostrowski, M, Svendsen, E. and Talpsepp, L. (1997). "Oceanographic variability in the skagerrak and northern kattegat, may-june, 1990 - international council for the exploration of the sea", J. Mar. Sci., 54(5), 753-773. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.1996.0210.
  11. Domala, V., Ranjeet, M. and Sharma, R. (2014), "A Note on Effect of Geometric Dimensions, Shape and Arrangement of Columns and Pontoons on Heave and Pitch Response of Semi-Submersible", Proceedings of the MTS/IEEE Oceans.
  12. Faltinsen, O.M. (1993), Sea Loads on Ships and Offshore Structures, Cambridge Ocean Technology Series, Cambridge University Press, UK.
  13. Fleck, N.A., Shin, C.S. and Smith, R.A. (1985), "Fatigue crack growth under compressive loading", Eng. Fract. Mech., 21(1), 173-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-7944(85)90063-3.
  14. Gao, Y., Zong, Z. and Sun, L. (2011), "Numerical prediction of fatigue damage in steel catenary riser due to vortex-induced vibration", J. Hydrodynam., 23(2), 154-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-6058(10)60099-6.
  15. Gosain, G.D., Sharma, R. and Kim, T.W. (2017), "An optimization model for preliminary stability and configuration analyses of semi-submersibles", Int. J. Maritime Eng. (IJME), 159(3), 249-270. https://doi.org/10.5750/ijme.v159iA3.
  16. Gordon, A. (1967), "Circulation of the Caribbean sea", J. Geophys. Res., 72(24), 6207-6223. https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ072i024p06207.
  17. Hasselmann, K. (1966), "Feynman diagrams and interaction rules of wave-wave scattering processes", Review. Geophys., 4(1), 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1029/RG004i001p00001.
  18. Hasselmann, K., Barnett, T.P., Bouws, E., Carlson, H., Cartwright, D.E., Enke, K., Ewing, J.A., Gienapp, H., Hasselmann, D.E., Kruseman, P., Meerburg, A., Muller, P., Olbers, D.J., Richter, K., Sell, W. and Walden, H. (1973), "Measurement of wind-wave growth and swell decay during the joint north sea wave project (jonswap), UDC 551.466.31, ANE German Bight", Erganzunscheftzur Deutschen Hydrographischen Zeitschrift, Reihe, A, 80, 1-95.
  19. Howells, H. (1995), "Advances in steel catenary riser design", Proceeding of the 2nd Annual International Forum on Deepwater Technology, Aberdeen, February.
  20. Huarte, F.H., Bearman, P.W. and Chaplin, J.R. (2006), "On the force distribution along the axis of a flexible circular cylinder undergoing multi-mode vortex-induced vibrations", J. Fluid. Struct., 22(6-7), 897-903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2006.04.014.
  21. Iwan W.D. and Blevins, R.D. (1974), "A model for vortex induced oscillation of structures", J. Appl. Mech., 41(3), 581-586. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3423352.
  22. Jauvits, N. and Williamson, C.H.K. (2004), "The effect of two degrees of freedom on vortex-induced vibration at low mass and damping", J. Fluid Mech., 50, 23-62. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112004008778.
  23. Journee, J.M. and Massie, W.W. (2001), Offshore hydromechanics, 1st Ed., Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands.
  24. Khan, R.A., Kaur, A., Singh, S.P. and Ahmad, S. (2011), "Nonlinear dynamic analysis of marine risers under random loads for deep-water fields in Indian offshore", Procedia Eng., 14, 1334-1342, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.07.168.
  25. Kim, W.H. and Laird, C. (1978), "Crack nucleation and stage I propagation in high strain fatigue - II. Mechanism", Acta Metallurgica, 26(5), 789-799. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(78)90029-9.
  26. Lei, S., Zhang, W.S., Lin, J.H., Yue, Q.J., Kennedy, D. and Williams, E.F. (2014), "Frequency domain response of a parametrically excited riser under random wave forces", J. Sound Vib., 333(2), 485-498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2013.09.025.
  27. Lieurade, H.P. (1989), Fatigue Analysis in Offshore Structures, (Eds., Branco, C.M., Rosa, L.G.), Advances in Fatigue Science and Technology, NATO ASI Series (Series E: Applied Sciences), 159, Springer, Dordrecht.
  28. Ljustina, A.M., Parunov, J. and Senjanovic, I. (2004), "Static and dynamic analysis of marine riser", Proceedings of the 16th Symposium of Theory and Practice of Shipbuilding, Sorta.
  29. Mekha, B.B. (2001), "New frontiers in the design of steel catenary risers for floating production systems", J. Offshore Mech.Arct. Eng., 23(4), 153-158. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1410101.
  30. Miliou, A., Vecchi, A.D.E., Sherwin, S.J. and Graham, J.M.R. (2007), "Wake dynamics of external flow past a curved circular cylinder with the free stream aligned with the plane of curvature", J. Fluid Mech., 592, 89-115. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112007008245.
  31. Modarres-Sadeghi, Y., Mukundan, H., Dahl, J.M., Hover, F.S. and Triantafyllou, M.S. (2010), "The effect of higher harmonic forces on fatigue life of marine risers", J. Sound Vib., 329(1), 43-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2009.07.024.
  32. Morooka, C.K. and Tsukada, R.I. (2013), "Experiments with a steel catenary riser model in a towing tank", Appl. Ocean Res., 43, 244-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2013.10.010.
  33. Naudascher, E. and Rockwell, D. (2005), Flow-Induced Vibrations: An Engineering Guide, Dover Civil and Mechanical Engineering Series, Dover Publications, UK.
  34. Newman, J.N. (2018), Marine Hydrodynamics, Anniversary edition, The MIT Press, USA.
  35. Pallan, C.A. (2019), "A Computer Based Simulation Model for the Fatigue Damage Assessment of Deep Water Marine Riser", Master of Science (By Research) Thesis, Department of Ocean Engineering, IIT Madras, India.
  36. Rivero-Angeles, F.J., Vazquez-Hernandez, A.O. and Sagrilo, L.V.S. (2013), "Spectral analysis of simulated acceleration records of deep-water SCR for identification of modal parameters", Ocean Eng., 58, 8-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2012.10.010.
  37. Roveri, F.E. and Vandiver, J.K. (2001), "Slenderex: Using Shear7 for Assessment of Fatigue Damage Caused by Current Induced Vibrations", Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, June 3-8.
  38. Schijve, J. (2009), Fatigue of structures and materials, 2nd edition, Springer Netherlands.
  39. Srinil, N. (2011), "Analysis and prediction of vortex-induced vibrations of variable-tension vertical risers in linearly sheared currents", Appl. Ocean Res., 33(1), 41-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2010.11.004.
  40. Sturges, W. and Leben, R. (2000), "Frequency of ring separations from the loop current in the Gulf of Mexico: a revised estimate", J. Phys. Oceanography, 30(7), 1814-1819. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030<1814:FORSFT>2.0.CO;2.
  41. Talka (1981), "The Alexander L. Kielland Accident", March 1981:11, Report Of A Norwegian Public Commission Appointed By Royal Decree Of March 28, 1980, Ministry of Justice and Police, Norwegian Public Reports.
  42. Techet, A.H. (2005), Design Principles for Ocean Vehicles, Lecture notes - 13.42, Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, USA.
  43. Thomson, W. (2004), "Theory of Vibration with Applications", 1st Ed., CRC Press, USA.
  44. TMAA (2014), Technical Manual (Version 14.0). ANSYS Incorporated, Canonsburg, PA, USA.
  45. TMO (2013), Technical Manual Orcaflex (Version 7), Orcina Limited, London, USA.
  46. Ulveseter, J.V., Thorsen, M.J., Saevik, S. and Larsen, C.M. (2018), "Time domain simulation of riser VIV in current and irregular waves", Mar. Struct., 60, 241-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marstruc.2018.04.001.
  47. Vandiver, J.K. (1983), "Drag coefficients of long flexible cylinders", Proceedings of the Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, May.
  48. Vikestad, K., Larsen, C.M. and Vandiver, J.K. (2000), "Norwegian deepwater program: damping of vortex-induced vibrations", Proceeding of the Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, May.
  49. Vandiver, J.K. and Chung, T.Y. (1988), "Predicted and measured response of flexible cylinders in sheared flow", Proceedings of the ASME Annual Meeting Symposium on Flow-Induced Vibration, Chicago, November.
  50. Vandiver, J.K., Swithenbank, S.B., Jaiswal, V. and Jhingran, V. (2006), "Fatigue damage from high mode number vortex-induced vibration", Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Hamburg Germany, June 4-9.
  51. Varvani-Farahani, A. (2005), Advances in Fatigue, Fracture and Damage Assessment of Materials, Series on Advances in Damage Mechanics, WIT Press, USA.
  52. Wang, K., Xue, H., Tang, W. and Guo, J. (2013), "Fatigue analysis of steel catenary riser at the touch-down point based on linear hysteretic riser-soil interaction model", Ocean Eng., 68, 102-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2013.04.005.
  53. Watters, A.J., Smith, L.C. and Garrett, D.L. (1998), "The lifetime dynamics of a deep water riser design", Appl. Ocean Res., 20(1-2), 69-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-1187(98)00011-X.
  54. White F. M. (2015), Fluid Mechanics, 8th edition, McGraw-Hill Education, USA.
  55. Wu, X., Ge, F. and Hong, Y. (2012), "A review of recent studies on vortex-induced vibrations of long slender cylinders", J. Fluid. Struct., 28, 292-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2011.11.010.
  56. Xue, H., Tang, W. and Qu, X. (2014), "Prediction and analysis of fatigue damage due to cross-flow and in-line viv for marine risers in non-uniform current", Ocean Eng., 83, 52-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2014.03.023.
  57. Zhang, B. and Qiu, W. (2018), "Improving time-domain prediction of vortex-induced vibration of marine risers", Mar. Syst. Ocean Technol., 13(1), 13-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40868-017-0041-3.