Journal of Veterinary Science

The Korean Society of Veterinary Science (대한수의학회)
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Risk factors for canine magnesium ammonium phosphate urolithiasis associated with bacterial infection

  • Uttamamul, Nahathai (Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Jitpean, Supranee (Division of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Lulitanond, Aroonlug (Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Wonglakorn, Lumyai (Clinical Microbiology Unit, Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Sae-ung, Nattaya (Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Boonsiri, Patcharee (Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Daduang, Jureerut (Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University) ;
  • Tavichakorntrakool, Ratree (Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University)
  • Received : 2021.02.10
  • Accepted : 2021.11.04
  • Published : 2022.01.31
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Abstract

Background: With limited information available, the association among urinary tract infections, urease-producing bacteria and the presence of magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) urolithiasis in canines in Thailand requires more study. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between demographic characteristics of canines and the presence of MAP urolithiasis in canines, and to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacteria isolated from canine uroliths. Methods: A total of 56 canines admitted for treatment with surgical removal of uroliths were recruited. Demographic characteristics and clinical chemistry data were recorded. Bacteria isolated from the removed uroliths were identified. Chemical compositions of the uroliths were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Potential risk factors were determined with univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results: Of 56 canine urolithiasis, bacteria were isolated from uroliths of 38 canines (27 MAP and 11 non-MAP) but not from uroliths of 18 canines (5 MAP and 13 non-MAP). The most common bacteria found in nidus of MAP uroliths was Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (approximately 51%). An antimicrobial resistance was frequently found in Staphylococci isolates (42.86%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the predictors of MAP urolith in canine urolithiasis were being female (p = 0.044; adjusted odds ratio [OR], 10.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-98.24) and the positive urolith culture (p = 0.012; adjusted OR, 8.60; 95% CI, 1.60-46.30). Conclusions: Our results indicate that S. pseudintermedius (a urease-producing bacterium) is the major causative bacteria of MAP uroliths. A positive urolith culture and being female are risk factors of MAP urolithiasis in canines.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

We would like to thank Phitsamai Saisud for technical assistance, Udomlack Peansukwech for suggestion on statistical analysis and the KKU Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University for providing the clinical samples.

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