DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A new type notched slab approach for timber-concrete composite construction: Experimental and numerical investigation

  • 투고 : 2021.08.19
  • 심사 : 2021.12.29
  • 발행 : 2022.03.25

초록

Timber-Concrete Composite construction system consists of combining timber beam or deck and concrete with different connectors. Different fastener types are used in Timber-Concrete Composite systems. In this paper, the effects of two types of fasteners on structural behavior are compared. First, the notches were opened on timber beam, and combined with reinforced concrete slab by fasteners. This system is called as Notched Connection System. Then, timber beam and reinforced concrete slab were combined by new type designed fasteners in another model. This system is called as Notched-Slab Approach. Two laboratory models were constructed and bending tests were performed to examine the fasteners' effectiveness. Bending test results have shown that heavy damage to concrete slab occurs in Notched Connection System applications and the system becomes unusable. However, in Notched-Slab Approach applications, the damage concentrated on the fastener in the metal notch created in the slab, and no damage occurred in the concrete slab. In addition, non-destructive experimental measurements were conducted to determine the dynamic characteristics. To validate the experimental results, initial finite element models of both systems were constituted in ANSYS software using orthotropic material properties, and numerical dynamic characteristics were calculated. Finite element models of Timber-Concrete Composite systems are updated to minimize the differences by manual model updating procedure using some uncertain parameters such as material properties and boundary conditions.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Ahmadi, B.H. and Saka, M.P. (1993), "Behavior of composite timber-concrete floors", J. Struct. Eng., 119(11), 3111-3130. http://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733.
  2. Altunisik, A.C., Kalkan, E., Okur, F.Y., Ozgan, K., Karahasan, O.S. and Bostanci, A. (2019), "Non-destructive modal parameter identification of historical timber bridges using ambient vibration tests after restoration", Measure., 146, 411-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2019.06.051.
  3. Altunisik, A.C., Karahasan, O.S., Okur, F.Y., Kalkan, E. and Ozgan, K. (2018), "Finite element model updating and dynamic analysis of a restored historical timber Mosque based on ambient vibration tests", J. Test. Eval., 47(5), 3533-3562. https://doi.org/10.1520/JTE20180122.
  4. ANSYS (2016), Swanson Analysis System, Pennsylvania, USA.
  5. Bathon, L. and Graf, M. (2000), "A continuous wood-concrete-composite system", Proceedings of the World Conference of Timber Engineering, Whistler, BC, Canada, July.
  6. Casagrande, D., Giongo, I., Pederzolli, F., Franciosi, A. and Piazza, M. (2018), "Analytical, numerical and experimental assessment of vibration performance in timber floors", Eng. Struct., 168, 748-758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.05.020.
  7. Ceccotti, A. (2002), "Composite concrete-timber structures", Prog. Struct. Eng. Mater., 4(3), 264-275. https://doi.org/10.1002/pse.126.
  8. Chiniforush, A.A., Alamdari, M.M., Dackermann, U., Valipour, H.R. and Akbarnezhad, A. (2019), "Vibration behaviour of steel-timber composite floors, Part (1): Experimental and numerical investigation", J. Constr. Steel Res., 161, 244-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2019.07.007.
  9. Clouston, P., Bathon, L.A. and Schreyer, A. (2005), "Shear and bending performance of a novel wood-concrete composite system", J. Struct. Eng., 131(9), 1404-1412. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:9(1404).
  10. Costa, L. (2011), "Timber concrete composite floors with prefabricated fiber reinforced concrete", Report-5208, Lunds University, Lund.
  11. Dankova, J., Pavel, M. and Jiri, S. (2019), "Experimental investigation and performance of timber-concrete composite floor structure with non-metallic connection system" Eng. Struct., 193, 207-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.05.004.
  12. Deam, B.L., Fragiacomo, M. and Buchanan, A.H. (2008), "Connections for composite concrete slab and LVL flooring systems", Mater. Struct., 41(3), 495-507. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-007-9261-x.
  13. Di Nino, S., Gregori, A. and Fragiacomo, M. (2020), "Experimental and numerical investigations on timber-concrete connections with inclined screws", Eng. Struct., 209, 109993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109993.
  14. Dias, A.M.P.G. (2005), "Mechanical behaviour of timber-concrete joints", Ph.D. Dissertation, Delft University of Technology, Delft.
  15. Dias, A.M.P.G., Kuhlmann, U., Kudla, K., Monch, S. and Dias, A.M. (2018) "Performance of dowel-type fasteners and notches for hybrid timber structures", Eng. Struct., 171, 40-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.05.057.
  16. Dias, A.M.P.G., Skinner, J., Crews, K. and Tannert, T. (2016), "Timber-concrete-composites increasing the use of timber in construction", Eur. J. Wood Wood Prod., 74(3), 443-451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-015-0975-0.
  17. Djoubissie, D.D., Messan, A., Fournely, E. and Bouchair, A. (2018), "Experimental study of the mechanical behavior of timber-concrete shear connections with threaded reinforcing bars", Eng. Struct., 172, 997-1010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.06.084
  18. DynaMo (2018), Dynamic Modal Identification Software, Dynamic Academy Inc., Version 1.0, Trabzon, Turkey.
  19. EN 1995-1-1 (2004), Design of Timber Structures-Part 1-1: General-Common Rules and Rules for Buildings, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.
  20. EN 26891 (1991), Timber Structures-Joints Made with Mechanical Fasteners-General Principles for the Determination of Strength and Deformation Characteristics, British Standards Institution, London, UK.
  21. Eurocode (2004), Design of Timber Structures. Part 1.1: General-Common Rules and Rules for Buildings, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.
  22. Fragiacomo, M., Gutkowski, R.M., Balogh, J. and Fast, R.S. (2007), "Long-term behavior of wood-concrete composite floor/deck systems with shear key connection detail", J. Struct. Eng., 133(9), 1307-1315. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2007)133:9(1307)
  23. Gelfi, P. and Giuriani, E. (1999), "Behavior of stud connectors in wood-concrete composite beams", Proceedings of the 1" REEM Symposium on Timber Engineering, Dresden, Germany, September.
  24. Girhammar, U.A. (1984), "Nail-plates as shear connectors in composite timber and concrete structures", IABSE 12th Congress, Vancouver, Canada, September.
  25. Gutkowski, R.M., Brown, K., Shigidi, A. and Natterer, J. (2004), "Investigation of notched composite wood-concrete connections", J. Struct. Eng., 130(10), 1553-1561. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2004)130:10(1553).
  26. Jorge, L.F.C. (2005), "Timber-concrete composite structures using LWAC", Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Coimbra, Coimbra.
  27. Kuhlmann, U. and Schanzlin, J. (2008), "A timber-concrete composite slab system for use in tall buildings", Struct. Eng. Int., 18(2), 174-178. https://doi.org/10.2749/101686608784218707.
  28. Lukaszewska, E. (2009), "Development of prefabricated timber-concrete composite floors", Ph.D. Dissertation, Lulea University, Lulea.
  29. Martin-Gutierrez, E., Estevez-Cimadevila, J., Otero-Chans, D. and Suarez-Riestra, F. (2020), "Discontinuous π-form steel shear connectors in timber-concrete composites. An experimental approach", Eng. Struct., 216, 110719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110719.
  30. Martins, C., Dias, A.M., Costa, R. and Santos, P. (2016), "Environmentally friendly high performance timber-concrete panel", Constr. Build. Mater., 102, 1060-1069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.194.
  31. Meierhofer, U.A. (1992), "A new efficient system for timber/concrete composite structural elements. test, research and development", Proceedings of the 8th World Conference on Timber Engineering, Lahti, Finland, June.
  32. Molina, J.C., Calil, C.J., De Oliveira, D.R. and Gomes, N.B. (2019), "Analytical, experimental and numerical study of timber-concrete composite beams for bridges", Comput. Concrete, 24(2), 103-115. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2019.24.2.103.
  33. Mungwa, M.S., Jullien, J.F., Foudjet, A. and Hentges, G. (1999), "Experimental study of a composite wood-concrete beam with the INSA-Hilti new flexible shear connector", Constr. Build. Mater., 13(7), 371-382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.06.084.
  34. Mushina, J., Ghafar, N.A., Yeoh, D., Mushina, W. and Boon, K.H. (2020), "Vibration behaviour of natural timber and timber concrete composite deck system", IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., 713(1), 012023. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/713/1/012023.
  35. Natterer, J., Hamm, J. and Favre, P. (1996), "Composite wood-concrete floors for multi-story buildings", Proceedings of the International Wood Engineering Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, October.
  36. Nezerka, V. (2010), "Timber-concrete composite structures", Master Thesis, Czech Technical University, Prague.
  37. OMA (2006), Operational Modal Analysis, Release 4.0. Structural Vibration Solution A/S, Denmark.
  38. Otero-Chans, D., Estevez-Cimadevila, J., Suarez-Riestra, F. and Martin-Gutierrez, E. (2018), "Experimental analysis of glued-in steel plates used as shear connectors in Timber-Concrete-Composites", Eng. Struct., 170, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.05.062.
  39. Piazza, M. and Ballerini, M. (2000), "Experimental and numerical results on timber-concrete composite floors with different connection systems", Proceedings of the 6th World Conference on Timber Engineering, Vancouver, Canada, July.
  40. PULSE (2006), Analyzers ve Solutions, Release 11.2, Bruel and Kjaer, Sound and Vibration Measurement A/S, Denmark.
  41. Rijal, R. (2013), "Dynamic performance of timber and timber-concrete composite flooring systems", Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Technology, Sydney.
  42. Rijal, R., Samali, B., Shrestha, R. and Crews, K. (2015). "Experimental and analytical study on dynamic performance of timber-concrete composite beams", Constr. Build. Mater., 75, 46-53. https://doi.org/0.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.10.020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.10.020
  43. Sebastian, W.M., Piazza, M., Harvey, T. and Webster, T. (2018), "Forward and Reverse shear transfer in beech LVL-concrete composites with singly inclined coach screw connectors", Eng. Struct., 175, 231-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.06.070.
  44. SEPA Group (2020), http://www.sepa.fi
  45. Shi, B., Zhu, W., Yang, H., Liu, W., Tao, H. and Ling, Z. (2020), "Experimental and theoretical investigation of prefabricated timber-concrete composite beams with and without prestress", Eng. Struct., 204, 109901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109901.
  46. Steinberg, E., Selle, R. and Faust, T. (2003), "Connectors for timber-lightweight concrete composite structures", J. Struct. Eng., 129(11), 1538-1545. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2003)129:11(1538).
  47. Suarez-Riestra, F., Estevez-Cimadevila, J., Martin-Gutierrez, E. and Otero-Chans, D. (2019), "Experimental, analytical and numerical vibration analysis of long-span timber-timber composite floors in self-tensioning and non-tensioning configurations", Constr. Build. Mater., 218, 341-350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.05.084.
  48. Toratti, T. and Kevarinmaki, A. (2001), "Development of wood-concrete composite floors", IABSE Symposium Report, Lahti, Finland, January.
  49. Van der Linden, M.L.R. (1999), "Timber-concrete composite floor systems", Ph.D. Dissertation, Delft University of Technology, Delft.
  50. Van der Linden, M.L.R. and Blass, H.J. (1996), "Timber-concrete composite floor systems", International Wood Engineering Conference, New Orleans, USA, October.
  51. Xie, L., He, G., Wang, X.A., Gustafsson, P.J., Crocetti, R., Chen, L. and Xie, W. (2017), "Shear capacity of stud-groove connector in glulam-concrete composite structure", BioResources, 12(3), 4690-4706. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.12.3.4690-4706.
  52. Yeoh, D., Fragiacomo, M., Aldi, P., Mazzilli, M. and Kuhlmann, U. (2008), "Performance of notched coach screw connection for timber-concrete composite floor system", NZ Timber Des. J., 17(1), 4-10.
  53. Yeoh, D.E.C. (2010), "Behaviour and design of timber-concrete composite floor system", Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Canterbury, Christchurch.
  54. Yeoh, D.E.C. (2010), "Behaviour and design of timber-concrete composite floor system", Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Canterbury, Christchurch.
  55. Yilmaz, S. (2020), "Building system for rural tourism facilities in eastern black sea region: artificial notched wood-concrete composite system", Ph.D. Dissertation, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon.
  56. Yttrup, P. (1996), "Concrete enhanced timber", Proceedings of the International Wood Engineering Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, October.