Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea

National Institute of Ecology (국립생태원)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Fish Community and Habitat Environmental Characteristics in the Gudam Wetland

  • Received : 2021.09.29
  • Accepted : 2021.11.16
  • Published : 2022.02.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the water quality and fish community of the Gudam Wetland, a riverine wetland in the middle-upper reaches of the Nakdong River, during March-October 2020. The main results were as follows: average annual flow rate: 45.0±23.7 m3/s, flow velocity: 0.4±0.3 m/s, water depth: 1.4±0.4 m, water temperature: 17.5±0.8℃, pH: 7.8±0.2, electrical conductivity: 121.6±19.0 ㎲/cm, dissolved oxygen concentration: 11.4±0.9 mg/L, suspended solids concentration: 3.8±2.0 mg/L, and the water quality was classified as Ia (very good). A total of 754 individual fish belonging to 4 orders, 7 families, and 19 species were investigated. Cyprinidae was the dominant group, with 13 species. The dominant species was Zacco platypus (39.3%), followed by Pseudogobio esocinus (17.5%). There were 8 (42.1%) endemic Korean species and 1 exotic species, Micropterus salmoides. Four species were carnivores, six were insectivores, and nine were omnivores. Regarding tolerance to environmental changes, 6 species were tolerant, 11 had intermediate tolerance, and 2 were sensitive. Fish community analysis revealed dominance of 0.57, diversity of 2.04, evenness of 0.69, and richness of 2.72, indicating a diverse and stable fish community. The fish assessment index showed that the assessment class was B (average 62.5), which was higher than that of major streams of the Nakdong River (class C). For sustainable conservation of the Gudam Wetland, management strategies such as minimizing aggregate collection and preventing inflow of non-point pollutants are required.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This study was conducted with the support of the "Basic Survey of Inland Wetland (2021), National Institute of Ecology (NIE-Governmental Research-2021-18)".

References

  1. Ann, B.Y., Kim, T.M., Hong, S.J., Kim, G.H., Kim, S.J., Kim, J.G., et al. (2014). Study on river management plan considering ecological preservation and flood control of riverine wetland. Journal of Wetlands Research, 16, 463-476. https://doi.org/10.17663/JWR.2014.16.4.463
  2. Brinson, M., and Malvarez, A. (2002). Temperate freshwater wetlands: types, status, and threats. Environmental Conservation, 29, 115-133. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892902000085
  3. Byeon, H.K. (2000). A freshwater fauna and conservational study on the Gudam backswamp (Gyeongsangbuk-do). Bulletin of the KACN Series, 19, 33-42.
  4. Chae, B.S., Kim, S.K., Kang, Y.H., Heo, N.S., Park, J.M., Ha, H.U., et al. (2015). Ichthyofauna and fish community structure in upper reach of the Nakdong River, Korea. Korean Journal of Ichthyology, 27, 116-132.
  5. Chae, B.S., and Yoon, H.N. (2011). Ichthyofauna of Baekcheon River within Byeonsanbando National Park. Journal of National Park Research, 2, 187-193.
  6. Davidson, N.C. (2014). How much wetland has the world lost? Long-term and recent trends in global wetland area. Marine and Freshwater Research, 65, 934-941. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF14173
  7. Doledec, S., and Statzner, B. (2008). Invertebrate traits for the biomonitoring of large European rivers: an assessment of specific types of human impact. Freshwater Biology, 53, 617-634. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01924.x
  8. Elvira, B., Gnicola, G., and Almodovar, A. (1996). Pike and red swamp crayfish: a new case on predator-prey relationship between aliens in central Spain. Journal of Fish Biology, 48, 437-446. https://doi.org/10.1006/jfbi.1996.0043
  9. Gratwicke, B., and Marshall, B.E. (2001). The relationship between the exotic predators Micropterus salmoides and Serranochromis robustus and native stream fishes in Zimbabwe. Journal of Fish Biology, 58, 68-75. https://doi.org/10.1006/jfbi.2000.1423
  10. Kang, Y.H. (2011). Fish fauna and structural change of the fish community in the Nakdong River. (Doctoral dissertation). Kyungpook National University, Daegu.
  11. Klemm, D.J., Stober, Q.J., and Lazorchak, J.M. (1993). Fish Field and Laboratory Methods for Evaluating the Biological Integrity of Surface Waters. Cincinnati: US Environmental Protection Agency.
  12. Kim, I.S. (1997). Illustrated Encyclopedia of Fauna and Flora of Korea. Vol. 37. Freshwater Fishes. Seoul: Ministry of Education.
  13. Kim, I.S., Choi, Y., Lee, C.L., Lee, Y.J., Kim, B.J., and Kim, J.H. (2005). Illustrated Book of Korean Fishes. Seoul: Kyo-Hak Publishing.
  14. Kim, I.S., and Park, J.Y. (2002). Freshwater Fishes of Korea. Seoul: Kyo-Hak Publishing.
  15. Lee, I.W., and Kim, K.D. (2021). A study on the ecological characteristics and management of vegetation in Gudam wetland. Journal of Wetlands Research, 23, 133-143. https://doi.org/10.17663/JWR.2021.23.2.133
  16. Lovei, G.L. (1997). Global change through invasion. Nature, 388, 627-628. https://doi.org/10.1038/41665
  17. Margalef, R. (1958). Information theory in ecology. General Systems, 3, 36-71.
  18. McNaughton, S. (1967). Relationships among functional properties of Californian grassland. Nature, 216, 168-169. https://doi.org/10.1038/216168b0
  19. Ministry of Environment. (2021). Water Environment Information System. Retrieved July 23, 2021 from http://water.nier.go.kr/web/waterMeasure?pMENU_NO=2.
  20. Ministry of Environment., and National Institute of Ecology. (2015). The 4th National Ecosystem Survey ('15). Seocheon: National Institute of Ecology.
  21. Ministry of Environment., and National Institute of Ecology. (2020). Inland Wetland Survey Protocol. Seocheon: National Institute of Ecology.
  22. Mitsch, W.J., and Gosselink, J.G. (2000). Wetlands, 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  23. Moyle, P.B., and Cech, J.J. (2000). Hydromineral balance. Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology (pp. 79-96). Uppersaddle River: Prentice Hall.
  24. National Institute of Ecology. (2020). The 4th Intensive Survey on National Inland Wetlands ('20). Seocheon: National Institute of Ecology.
  25. National Institute of Environmental Research. (2019). Guidelines for Aquatic Ecosystem Surveys and Health Assessment Methods (for River). Incheon: National Institute of Environmental Research.
  26. Nelson, J.S. (2006). Fishes of the world, 4th ed. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
  27. Noh, S.Y., Choi, H.L., Park, J.Y., Hwang, S.J., Kim, S.H., and Lee, J.A. (2015). Ecological health assessment using fish for the Han River and Nakdong River in Korea. Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment, 31, 319-327. https://doi.org/10.15681/KSWE.2015.31.3.319
  28. Pielou, E.C. (1966). Shannon's formula as a measure of specific diversity: its use and misuse. American Naturalist, 100, 463-465. https://doi.org/10.1086/282439
  29. Pielou, E.C. (1975). Ecological Diversity. New York: John Wiley.
  30. Ward, J.V. (1992). Aquatic Insect Ecology. New York: John Wiley.
  31. Yang, H.J., and Chae, B.S. (1993). The ichthyofauna and structure of fish community in the Kumho river. Korean Journal of Limnology, 26, 1-10.
  32. Zedler, J.B., and Kercher, S. (2004). Causes and consequences of invasive plants in wetlands: opportunities, opportunists, and outcomes. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 23, 431-452. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352680490514673