Acknowledgement
This research was supported by a grant from Korea Food and Drug Administration (11162Sobiyeon165).
References
- Aljuraiban GS, Jose AP, Gupta P, Shridhar K, Prabhakaran D. Sodium intake, health implications, and the role of population-level strategies. Nutr Rev 2021; 79(3): 351-359. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaa042
- GBD 2017 Diet Collaborators. Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990-2017: a systematic. analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2019; 393(10184): 1958-1972. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30041-8
- Merino J, Guasch-Ferre M, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Corella D, Estruch R, Fito M, et al. Is complying with the recommendations of sodium intake beneficial for health in individuals at high cardiovascular risk? Findings from the PREDIMED study. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 101(3): 440-448. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.096750
- World Health Organization. Guideline: sodium intake for adults and children [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012 [cited 2021 Sep 29]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/ item/9789241504836.
- Powles J, Fahimi S, Micha R, Khatibzadeh S, Shi P, Ezzati M, et al. Global, regional and national sodium intakes in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis of 24 h urinary sodium excretion and dietary surveys worldwide. BMJ Open 2013; 3(12): e003733. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003733
- Trieu K, Neal B, Hawkes C, Dunford E, Campbell N, Rodriguez-Fernandez R, et al. Salt reduction initiatives around the world-A systematic review of progress towards the global target. PLoS One 2015; 10(7): e0130247. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130247
- Ministry of Health and Welfare (KR); Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Korea health statistics 2019: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VIII-1). Sejong: Ministry of Health and Welfare; 2020.
- Brown IJ, Tzoulaki I, Candeias V, Elliott P. Salt intakes around the world: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol 2009; 38(3): 791-813. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyp139
- Anderson CA, Appel LJ, Okuda N, Brown IJ, Chan Q, Zhao L, et al. Dietary sources of sodium in China, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States, women and men aged 40 to 59 years: the INTERMAP study. J Am Diet Assoc 2010; 110(5): 736-745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2010.02.007
- McAlister AL, Perry CL, Parcel GS. How individuals, environments, and health behaviors interact: Social cognitive theory. In: Glanz K, Rimer BK, Viswanath K, editors. Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research and Practice, 4th ed. San Francisco (CA): Jossey-Bass; 2008. p. 169-188.
- Prochaska JO, Velicer WF. The transtheoretical model of health behavior change. Am J Health Promot 1997; 12(1): 38-48. https://doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-12.1.38
- Ahn SH, Kim HK, Kim KM, Yoon JS, Kwon JS. Development of nutrition education program for consumers to reduce sodium intake applying the social cognitive theory -based on focus group interviews-. Korean J Community Nutr 2014; 19(4): 342-360. https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.4.342
- Ahn SH, Kwon JS, Kim KM, Yoon JS, Kim HK. Evaluation of consumer nutrition education program to reduce sodium intake based on social cognitive theory. Korean J Community Nutr 2015; 20(6): 433-446. https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.6.433
- Kim S. A baseline study on housewife-consumer education in the information society. Korean J Hum Ecol 2004; 13(3): 425-440.
- Ahn SH, Kwon JS, Kim K, Yoon JS, Kang BW, Kim JW, et al. Study on the eating habits and practicability of guidelines for reducing sodium intake according to the stage of change in housewives. Korean J Community Nutr 2012; 17(6): 724-736. https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.6.724
- Ahn SH, Kwon JS, Kim K, Kim HK. Stages of behavioral change for reducing sodium intake in Korean consumers: comparison of characteristics based on social cognitive theory. Nutrients 2017; 9(8): 808. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9080808
- Park HK, Lee Y, Kang BW, Kwon KI, Kim JW, Kwon OS, et al. Progress on sodium reduction in South Korea. BMJ Glob Health 2020; 5(5): e002028. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002028
- Kim MK, Lee KG. Consumer awareness and interest toward sodium reduction trends in Korea. J Food Sci 2014; 79(7): S1416-S1423.
- Kim MK, Lopetcharat K, Gerard PD, Drake MA. Consumer awareness of salt and sodium reduction and sodium labeling. J Food Sci 2012; 77(9): S307-S313. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02843.x
- Ma J, Lee S, Kim K, Lee YK. Sodium reduction in South Korean restaurants: a Daegu-based intervention project. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2020; 29(2): 404-413.
- Song DY, Park JE, Shim JE, Lee JE. Trends in the major dish groups and food groups contributing to sodium intake in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1998-2010. Korean J Nutr 2013; 46(1): 72-85. https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2013.46.1.72
- Ma GX, Shive S, Zhang Y, Aquilante J, Tan Y, Zhao M, et al. Knowledge, perceptions, and behaviors related to salt use among Philadelphia Chinese take-out restaurant owners and chefs. Health Promot Pract 2014; 15(5): 638-645. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839914538816
- Ahn SH, Kwon JS, Kim K, Lee Y, Kim HK. Current status, perception and practicability of restaurant staff related to reducing sodium use in Seongnam, Korea. J Nutr Health 2019; 52(5): 475-487. https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2019.52.5.475
- Kemm J. Health education and the problem of knowledge. Health Promot Int 1991; 6(4): 473-487. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/6.4.291
- Grimes CA, Riddell LJ, Nowson CA. Consumer knowledge and attitudes to salt intake and labelled salt information. Appetite 2009; 53(2): 189-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2009.06.007
- Sarmugam R, Worsley A, Flood V. Development and validation of a salt knowledge questionnaire. Public Health Nutr 2014; 17(5): 1061-1068. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980013000517
- Park YS, Son SM, Lim WJ, Kim SB, Chung YS. Comparison of dietary behaviors related to sodium intake by gender and age. Korean J Community Nutr 2008; 13(1): 1-12.