Acknowledgement
We would like to thank Editage (www.editage.co.kr)for editing and reviewing this manuscript for English language.
References
- Zhang Y, Li C, Shi J, Gong Y, Zeng T, Lin M, et al. Comparison of dexmedetomidine with midazolam for dental surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020;99:e22288. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000022288
- Fan TW, Ti LK, Islam I. Comparison of dexmedetomidine and midazolam for conscious sedation in dental surgery monitored by bispectral index. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013;51:428-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2012.08.013
- Seto M, Kita R, Kondo S. Sedation with dexmedetomidine in elderly patients during dental surgery: a retrospective case series. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019;45:152-7. https://doi.org/10.5125/jkaoms.2019.45.3.152
- Prommer E. Midazolam: an essential palliative care drug. Palliat Care Soc Pract 2020;14:2632352419895527. https://doi.org/10.1177/2632352419895527
- Candiotti KA, Bergese SD, Bokesch PM, Feldman MA, Wisemandle W, Bekker AY; MAC Study Group. Monitored anesthesia care with dexmedetomidine: a prospective, randomized, doubleblind, multicenter trial. Anesth Analg 2010;110:47-56. https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0b013e3181ae0856
- Shin DW, Cho JY, Han YS, Sim HY, Kim HS, Jung DU, et al. Risk factor analysis of additional administration of sedative agent and patient dissatisfaction in intravenous conscious sedation using midazolam for third molar extraction. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017;43:229-38. https://doi.org/10.5125/jkaoms.2017.43.4.229
- Practice guidelines for moderate procedural sedation and analgesia 2018: a report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Moderate Procedural Sedation and Analgesia, the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, American College of Radiology, American Dental Association, American Society of Dentist Anesthesiologists, and Society of Interventional Radiology. Anesthesiology 2018;128:437-79. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000002043
- de Moares MB, Barbier WS, Raldi FV, Nascimento RD, Dos Santos LM, Loureiro Sato FR. Comparison of three anxiety management protocols for extraction of third molars with the use of midazolam, diazepam, and nitrous oxide: a randomized clinical trial. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019;77:2258.e1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2019.06.001
- Chernik DA, Gillings D, Laine H, Hendler J, Silver JM, Davidson AB, et al. Validity and reliability of the Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale: study with intravenous midazolam. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1990;10:244-51.
- Corah NL. Development of a dental anxiety scale. J Dent Res 1969;48:596. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345690480041801
- Gbotolorun OM, Arotiba GT, Ladeinde AL. Assessment of factors associated with surgical difficulty in impacted mandibular third molar extraction. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007;65:1977-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2006.11.030
- Acharya S, Joshi S, Pradhan A. Anxiety level of patients undergoing oral surgical procedures. J Nepal Health Res Counc 2018;16:27-31. https://doi.org/10.3126/jnhrc.v16i1.19359
- Udoye CI, Oginni AO, Oginni FO. Dental anxiety among patients undergoing various dental treatments in a Nigerian teaching hospital. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005;6:91-8. https://doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-6-2-91
- Appukuttan D, Datchnamurthy M, Deborah SP, Hirudayaraj GJ, Tadepalli A, Victor DJ. Reliability and validity of the Tamil version of Modified Dental Anxiety Scale. J Oral Sci 2012;54:313-20. https://doi.org/10.2334/josnusd.54.313
- Liu HH, Milgrom P, Fiset L. Effect of a beta-adrenergic blocking agent on dental anxiety. J Dent Res 1991;70:1306-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345910700091401
- Ogawa S, Seino H, Ito H, Yamazaki S, Ganzberg S, Kawaai H. Intravenous sedation with low-dose dexmedetomidine: its potential for use in dentistry. Anesth Prog 2008;55:82-8. https://doi.org/10.2344/0003-3006-55.3.82
- Shin S, Lee JW, Kim SH, Jung YS, Oh YJ. Heart rate variability dynamics during controlled hypotension with nicardipine, remifentanil and dexmedetomidine. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2014;58:168-76. https://doi.org/10.1111/aas.12233
- Yu C, Li S, Deng F, Yao Y, Qian L. Comparison of dexmedetomidine/fentanyl with midazolam/fentanyl combination for sedation and analgesia during tooth extraction. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014;43:1148-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2014.03.019
- Barends CR, Absalom A, van Minnen B, Vissink A, Visser A. Dexmedetomidine versus midazolam in procedural sedation. A systematic review of efficacy and safety. PLoS One 2017;12:e0169525. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169525
- Parikh DA, Kolli SN, Karnik HS, Lele SS, Tendolkar BA. A prospective randomized double-blind study comparing dexmedetomidine vs. combination of midazolam-fentanyl for tympanoplasty surgery under monitored anesthesia care. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2013;29:173-8. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-9185.111671
- Silva-Jr JM, Katayama HT, Nogueira FAM, Moura TB, Alves TL, de Oliveira BW. Comparison of dexmedetomidine and benzodiazepine for intraoperative sedation in elderly patients: a randomized clinical trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2019;44:319-24. https://doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2018-100120
- Lachaine J, Beauchemin C. Economic evaluation of dexmedetomidine relative to midazolam for sedation in the intensive care unit. Can J Hosp Pharm 2012;65:103-10. https://doi.org/10.4212/cjhp.v65i2.1116
- Aggarwal J, Lustrino J, Stephens J, Morgenstern D, Tang WY. Cost-minimization analysis of dexmedetomidine compared to other sedatives for short-term sedation during mechanical ventilation in the United States. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res 2020;12:389-97. https://doi.org/10.2147/CEOR.S242994
- Wang L, Zhou Y, Zhang T, Huang L, Peng W. Comparison in sedative effects between dexmedetomidine and midazolam in dental implantation: a randomized clinical trial. Biomed Res Int 2020;2020:6130162. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6130162