Geomechanics and Engineering

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Geomechanical and hydrogeological validation of hydro-mechanical two-way sequential coupling in TOUGH2-FLAC3D linking algorithm with insights into the Mandel, Noordbergum, and Rhade effects

  • Lee, Sungho (School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Park, Jai-Yong (Geology Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources) ;
  • Kihm, Jung-Hwi (Department of Fire and Disaster Prevention, Jungwon University) ;
  • Kim, Jun-Mo (School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University)
  • Received : 2021.03.29
  • Accepted : 2021.12.13
  • Published : 2022.03.10
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Abstract

The hydro-mechanical (HM) two-way sequential coupling in the TOUGH2-FLAC3D linking algorithm is validated completely and successfully in both M to H and H to M directions, which are initiated by mechanical surface loading for geomechanical validation and hydrological groundwater pumping for hydrogeological validation, respectively. For such complete and successful validation, a TOUGH2-FLAC3D linked numerical model is developed first by adopting the TOUGH2-FLAC3D linking algorithm, which uses the two-way (fixed-stress split) sequential coupling scheme and the implicit backward time stepping method. Two geomechanical and two hydrogeological validation problems are then simulated using the linked numerical model together with basic validation strategies and prerequisites. The second geomechanical and second hydrogeological validation problems are also associated with the Mandel effect and the Noordbergum and Rhade effects, respectively, which are three phenomenally well-known but numerically challenging HM effects. Finally, sequentially coupled numerical solutions are compared with either analytical solutions (verification) or fully coupled numerical solutions (benchmarking). In all the four validation problems, they show almost perfect to extremely or very good agreement. In addition, the second geomechanical validation problem clearly displays the Mandel effect and suggests a proper or minimum geometrical ratio of the height to the width for the rectangular domain to maximize agreement between the numerical and analytical solutions. In the meantime, the second hydrogeological validation problem clearly displays the Noordbergum and Rhade effects and implies that the HM two-way sequential coupling scheme used in the linked numerical model is as rigorous as the HM two-way full coupling scheme used in a fully coupled numerical model.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was mainly supported by the Energy Efficiency and Resources Project funded by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP), Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE), Korea under grant numbers 2010201020001A and GP2012-030. This work was also supported by the Korea CCS 2020 Project (Korea Carbon Capture and Sequestration R&D Center (KCRC)) funded by the National Research Foundation (NRF), Ministry of Science and Information and Communications Technology (MSIT), Korea under grant numbers 2013M1A8A1035824 and 2015M1A8A1048896. Sungho Lee was supported in part by the Brain Korea 21 Project funded by the National Research Foundation (NRF), Ministry of Science and Information and Communications Technology (MSIT), Korea. The authors would like to thank the Editor-in-Chief Professor Gye-Chun Cho at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) for handling this paper and the two anonymous reviewers for their invaluable and constructive review comments on this paper.

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