References
- Kim YH. Pathology. Korean Society of Pathologists. Gomunsa. 1991:71-92.
- Laroux FS. Mechanisms of inflammation : the good, the bad and the ugly. Frontiers in Bioscience. 2004;9:3156-62. https://doi.org/10.2741/1468
- McDaniel ML, Kwon G, Hill JR, Marshall CA, Corbett JA. Cytokines and nitric oxide in islet inflammation and diabetes. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1996;211(1):24-32. https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-211-43950D
- Kim DH, Park SJ, Jung JY, Kim SC, Byun SH. Antiinflammatory effects of the aqueous extract of Hwangnyenhaedok-tang in LPS-activated macrophage cells. Kor J Herbology. 2009;24(4):39-47.
- Barnes PJ, Karin M. Nuclear factor-kB : a pivotal transcription factor in chronic inflammatory diseases. New England Journal of Medicine. 1997;336(15):1066-71. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199704103361506
- Jung BS. The Korean Herb Dictionary. 1st ed. Seoul:Younglimsa. 1990:588-60.
- Herbology Association of Korea's Colleges of Oriental Medicine. Text book of Herbology. Younglimsa. 2004:597,598.
- Uiseongdang Publisher. Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica (Shennongbencaojing). Seoul:Uiseongdang. 2012:143-6.
- Heo J. Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine (Dongui bogam). Hadong:Donguibogam Publisher. 2006:55.
- He W, Shu X, Zong G, Shi M, Xiong Y, Chen M. Kidney reinforcing and yang supporting action of cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma before and after preparation. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 1996;21(9):534-7,575.
- Deng M, Zhao JY, Ju XD, Tu PF, Jiang Y, Li ZB. Acta Pharmacol Sin. Protective effect of tubuloside B on TNF alpha-induced apoptos is in neuronal cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2004;25(10):1276-84.
- Yang JH, Hu JP, Rena K, Du NS. Structure-activity relationships of phenyl- ethanoid glycosides in plants of Cistanche salsa on antioxidative activity. Zhong Yao Cai. 2009;32(7):1067-9.
- Lin LW, Hsieh MT, Tsai FH, Wang WH, Wu CR. Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity caused by Cistanche deserticola in rodents. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002;83(3):177-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00147-2
- Lu MC. Studies on the sedative effect of Chstanche deserticola. J Ethnopharmacol. 1998;59:161-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(97)00108-6
- Yang WT, Kim KS, Kwon YS, Kim DH, Kim DH. Whitening and anti-aging effects of Cist anche deserticola extract. J Plant Biotechnol. 2016;43(4):492-9. https://doi.org/10.5010/JPB.2016.43.4.492
- Pan J, Yuan C, Lin C, Jia Z, Zheng R. Pharmacological activities and mechanisms of natural phenylpropanoid glycosides. Die Pharmazie. 2003;58(11):767-75.
- Fu G, Pang H, Wong YH. Naturally occurring phenylethanoid glycosides: Potential leads for new therapeutics. Current Medicinal Chemistry. 2008;15(25):2592-613. https://doi.org/10.2174/092986708785908996
- Wang XW, Wang XF, Wu LY. Improvement of remembrance of mice of phenylethanoid glycosides of Cistanche deserticola. Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin. 2002;19:41,42. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1001-1978.2003.01.012
- Xie JX, Wu CF. Effect of ethanolic extract of Cistanche deserticola on the contents of monoamine neurotransmitters in rat brain. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs. 1993;24:417-9.
- Jiang Y, Tu PF. Analysis of chemical constituents in Cistanche species. J Chromatogr A. 2009;1216(11):1970-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.07.031
- Zhong Hua Ben Cao Commission. Zhong Hua Ben Cao. Shanghai:Shanghai Technology Press. 1999;(7):509-13.
- Can SQ, LI SH. Species systematization and quality evaluation of commonly used Chinese traditional drugs. Beijing medical school publishing. 2001;4:2-54.
- Wu SC, Chen RJ, Lee KW, Tung CC, Lin WP, Yi P. Angioembolization as an effective alternative for hemostasis in intractable life-threatening maxillofacial trauma hemorrhage: case study. The American journal of emergency medicine. 2007;25(8):988.
- Lee SH, Park JS, Kim SY, Kim JJ, Chung SR. Isoation of inhibitory components on tyrosinase activity from the bark of paeonia moutan. Yakhak Hoeji. 1998;42(4):353.
- Morita N, Arisawa M, Ozawa H, Chen CS, Kan WS. Clerodendroside, a new glycoside from the leaves of Clerodendron trichotomum Thunb. var. fargesii Rehd. (verbenaceae). Yakugaku. Zasshi. 1997;97:976. https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi1947.97.9_976
- Deepak M, Umashankar DC, Handa SS. Verbascoside a promising phenylpropanoid. Indian Drugs. 1999;36:336.
- Li Y, Zhou G, Peng Y, Tu P, Li X. Screening and identification of three typical phenylethanoid glycosides metabolites from Cistanches Herba by human intestinal bacteria using UPLC/Q-TOF-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2016;118:167-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2015.10.038
- Peng F, Chen J, Wang X, Xu C, Liu T, Xu R. Changes in levels of phenylethanoid glycosides, antioxidant activity, and other quality traits in Cistanche deserticola slices by steam processing, Chem. Pharm. Bull. 2016;64(7):1024-30. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.c16-00033
- Kim DH, Sung B, Kang YJ, Jang JY, Hwang SY, Lee Y, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of betaine on AOM/DSS-induced colon tumorigenesis in ICR male mice. International Journal of Oncology. 2014;45(3):1250-6. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2515
- Zhang D, Li H, Wang JB. Echinacoside inhibits amyloid fibrillization of HEWL and protects against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2015;72:243-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.08.034
- Wu Y, Li L, Wen T, Li YQ. Protective effects of echinacoside on carbon tetrachloride- induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Toxicology. 2007;232(1-2):50-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2006.12.013
- Li X, Gou C, Yan H, Qiu J, Gu T, Wen T. Echinacoside ameliorates D-galactosamine plus lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury in mice via inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 2014;49(8):993-1000. https://doi.org/10.3109/00365521.2014.913190
- Xie H, Zhu H, Cheng C, Liang Y, Wang Z. Echinacoside retards cellular senescence of human fibroblastic cells MRC-5. Pharmazie. 2009;64(11):752-4.
- Wang S, Zheng G, Tian S, Zhang Y, Shen L, Pak Y, et al. Echinacoside improves hematopoietic function in 5-FU-induced myelosuppression mice. Life Sci. 2015;123:86-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2015.01.002
- Lee E, Choi MY, Park HJ, Cha BC, Cho SH, Chemical constituents and biological activity of Kalopanacis Cortex, Kor. J. Pharmacogn. 1995;26(2):122-9.
- Jung HJ, Park HJ, Kim RG, Shin KM, Ha JH, Choi JW, et al. In vivo Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Effects of Liriodendrin Isolated from the Stem Bark of Acanthopanax senticosus, Planta Med. 2003;69(7):610-6. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-41127
- Look MP, Riezler R, Berthold HK, Stabler SP, Schliefer K, Allen RH, et al. Decrease of elevated N, N-Dimethylglycine and N-methylglycine in human immuno- deficiency virus infection during short-term highly active antiretroviral therapy. Metabolism. 2001;50(11):1275-81. https://doi.org/10.1053/meta.2001.27201
- Friesen RW, Novak EM, Hasman D, Innis SM. Relationship of dimethylglycine, choline, and betaine with oxoproline in plasma of pregnant women and their newborn infants. J Nutr. 2007;137(12):2641-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/137.12.2641
- Hariganesh K, Prathiba J. Effect of dimethylglycine on gastric ulcers in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2000;52(12):1519-22. https://doi.org/10.1211/0022357001777568
- China Patent. 2016. Available from: URL:https://patents.google.com/patent/CN106727451A/en.
- Kahn MMAA, Jain DC, Bhakuni RS, Mohd Z, Thakur RS. Occurrence of some antiviral sterols in Artemisia annua. Plant Sci. 1991;75(2):161-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9452(91)90230-6
- Park YH, Lim SH, Ham HJ, Kim HY, Jeong HN, Kim KH, et al. Isolation of Anti-inflammatory Active Substance β-Sitosterol from Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) Stem. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition. 2010;39(7):980-5. https://doi.org/10.3746/JKFN.2010.39.7.980
- Woyengo TA, Ramprasath VR, Jones PJH. Anticancer effects of phytosterols. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2009;63:813-20. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2009.29
- Xiong Q, Tezuka Y, Kaneko T, Li H, Tran LQ, Hase K, et al. Inhibition of nitric oxide by phenylethanoids in activated macrophages. Eur J Pharmacol. 2000;400(1):137-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2999(00)00354-X
- Li L, Wan G, Han B, Zhang Z. Echinacoside alleviated LPS-induced cell apoptosis and inflammation in rat intestine epithelial cells by inhibiting the mTOR/STAT3 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;104:622-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.072
- Maeng O, Kim YC, Kim YS, Paik SG, Lee HY. Identification of a gene that is up-regulated in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells by nitricoxide. Bulletin of Biotechnology Chungnam National University. 2002;8(2):1-9.
- Mu MM, Chakravortty D, Sugiyama T, Koide N, Takahashi K, Mori I, et al. The inhibitory action of quercetin on lipopolysaccharide induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. J. Endotoxin Res. 2001;7(6):431-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/09680519010070060601
- Keum SY, Park SM, Jegal KH, Hwangbo M, Cho IJ, Park CA, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of illicium verum hook. f. via suppression of NF-κ B pathway. Herbal Formula Science. 2016;24(4):243-57. https://doi.org/10.14374/HFS.2016.24.4.243
- Oh CH. Translation. simple immunology. 3rd rev. ed. Seoul:Medical korea. 2006:161-200.
- Abbas AK, Lichman AH. Cellular and molecular immunology. 5th ed. Philadelphia:Saunders. 2003:25,243-55,282-8,493,507.
- Kindt TJ, Goldsby RA, Osborne BA. Innate immunity : Tenney S. Kuby Immunology. 6th ed. New York:Freeman press. 2007:52-73.
- Delgado AV, Mcmanus AT, Chambers JP. Production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1-beta, interleukin 2, and interleukin 6 by rat leukocyte subpopulations after exposure to substance P. Neuropeptides. 2003;37(6):355-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npep.2003.09.005
- Kubes P. Inducible nitric oxide synthase: a little bit of good in all of us. Gut. 2000;47(1):6-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.47.1.6
- Wang MT, Honn KV, Nie D. Cyclooxygenases, prostanoids, and tumor progression. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2007;26:525-34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10555-007-9096-5
- Dubois RN, Abramson SB, Crofford L, Gupta RA, Simon LS, Van De Putte LB, et al. Cyclooxygenase in biology and disease. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 1998;12(12):1063. https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.12.12.1063
- Palombella VJ, Rando OJ, Goldberg AL, Maniatis T. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is required for processing the NF-κappa B1 precursor protein and the activation of NF-κappaB. Cell. 1996;78(5):773-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(94)90482-0
- Sohn KH, Kim SH. Antitumor activity of bupleuri radix and artemisiae capillaris herba and synergistic effect with anticancer Drugs. KOMS. 1995;16(2):414-32.
- Xu X, Zhang Z, Wang W, Yao H, Ma X. Therapeutic Effect of Cistanoside A on Bone Metabolism of Ovariectomized Mice. Molecules. 2017;22(2):197. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22020197