Geomechanics and Engineering

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A computational estimation model for the subgrade reaction modulus of soil improved with DCM columns

  • Dehghanbanadaki, Ali (Department of Civil Engineering, Damavand Branch, Islamic Azad University) ;
  • Rashid, Ahmad Safuan A. (Department of Geotechnics & Transportation, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia) ;
  • Ahmad, Kamarudin (Department of Geotechnics & Transportation, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia) ;
  • Yunus, Nor Zurairahetty Mohd (Department of Geotechnics & Transportation, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia) ;
  • Said, Khairun Nissa Mat (Department of Geotechnics & Transportation, School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia)
  • Received : 2021.07.18
  • Accepted : 2021.12.01
  • Published : 2022.02.25
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Abstract

The accurate determination of the subgrade reaction modulus (Ks) of soil is an important factor for geotechnical engineers. This study estimated the Ks of soft soil improved with floating deep cement mixing (DCM) columns. A novel prediction model was developed that emphasizes the accuracy of identifying the most significant parameters of Ks. Several multi-layer perceptron (MLP) models that were trained using the Levenberg Marquardt (LM) backpropagation method were developed to estimate Ks. The models were trained using a reliable database containing the results of 36 physical modelling tests. The input parameters were the undrained shear strength of the DCM columns, undrained shear strength of soft soil, area improvement ratio and length-to-diameter ratio of the DCM columns. Grey wolf optimization (GWO) was coupled with the MLPs to improve the performance indices of the MLPs. Sensitivity tests were carried out to determine the importance of the input parameters for prediction of Ks. The results showed that both the MLP-LM and MLP-GWO methods showed high ability to predict Ks. However, it was shown that MLP-GWO (R = 0.9917, MSE = 0.28 (MN/m2/m)) performed better than MLP-LM (R =0.9126, MSE =6.1916 (MN/m2/m)). This proves the greater reliability of the proposed hybrid model of MLP-GWO in approximating the subgrade reaction modulus of soft soil improved with floating DCM columns. The results revealed that the undrained shear strength of the soil was the most effective factor for estimation of Ks.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was support by the research grants (UTMFR vote no. Q.J130000.2551.21H42) from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. The second author would like to acknowledge financial support from the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme awarded the Ministry of Education of Malaysia for the engineering and microstructural characteristics of lateritic soil treated with ordinary Portland cement under cyclic saturated (wetting) and unsaturated (drying) conditions (R.J130000.7851.5F131).

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