Steel and Composite Structures

  • 제42권2호
  • /
  • Pages.221-241
  • /
  • 2022
  • /
  • 1229-9367(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1598-6233(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Elastic stiffness of perfobond connections in composite structures

  • Qin, Xi (School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology) ;
  • Yang, Guotao (School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology)
  • 투고 : 2020.06.28
  • 심사 : 2022.01.02
  • 발행 : 2022.01.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Perfobond rib connectors are widely used in composite structures to achieve the composite action between the steel and the concrete, and empirical expressions for their strength and secant stiffness have been obtained by numerical simulations or push-out tests. Since perfobond connections are generally in an elastic state in the service process and the structural analysis are always based on the elastic properties of the members, the secant stiffness is not applicable for the normal structural analysis. However, the tangent stiffness of perfobond connections has not been introduced in previous studies. Moreover, the perfobond connections are bearing tension and shear force simultaneously when the composite beams subjected to torque or local loads, but the current studies fail to arrive at the elastic stiffness considering the combined effects. To resolve these discrepancies, this paper investigates the initial elastic stiffness of perfobond connections under combined forces. The calculation method for the elastic stiffness of perfobond connections is analyzed, and the contributions of the perfobond rib, the perforating rebar and the concrete dowel are investigated. A finite element method was verified with a high value of correlation for the test results. Afterwards, parametric studies are carried out using the reliable finite element analysis to explore the trends of several factors. Empirical equations for predicting the initial elastic stiffness of perfobond connections are proposed by the numerical regression of the data extracted by parametric studies. The equations agree well with finite element analysis and test results, which indicates that the proposed empirical equations reflect a high accuracy for predicting the initial elastic stiffness of perfobond connections.

키워드

과제정보

Work for this paper is supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) through Grant Nos. 5180081528 and 51978351. Herewith acknowledge with best thanks.

참고문헌

  1. Ahn, J.H., Kim, S.H. and Jeong, Y.J. (2008), "Shear behaviour of perfobond rib shear connector under static and cyclic loadings", Mag. Concrete Res., 60(5), 347-357. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.2007.00046.
  2. Ahn, J.H., Lee, C.G., Won, J.H. and Kim, S.H. (2010), "Shear resistance of the perfobond-rib shear connector depending on concrete strength and rib arrangement", J. Construct. Steel Res., 66(10), 1295-1307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2010.04.008.
  3. Allahyari, H., Dehestani, M., Beygi, M.H.A., Neya, B.N. and Rahmani, E. (2014), "Mechanical behavior of steel-concrete composite decks with perfobond shear connectors", Steel Compos. Struct., 17(3). 339-358. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2014.17.3.339.
  4. Allahyari, H., Nikbin, I.M., Rahimi, R.S. and Heidarpour, A. (2018), "A new approach to determine strength of Perfobond rib shear connector in steel-concrete composite structures by employing neural network", Eng. Struct., 157, 235-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.12.007.
  5. Andra, H.P. (1990), "Economical shear connectors with high fatigue strength", IABSE Symposium, 67-172, Brussels.
  6. Bursi, O.S. and Sun, F. and Postal, S. (2010), "Non-linear analysis of steel-concrete composite frames with full and partial shear connection subjected to seismic loads", J. Construct. Steel Res., 61(1). 67-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.06.002.
  7. Candido-Martins, J.P.S., Costa-Neves, L.F. and Vellasco, P.C.G.D. (2010), "Experimental evaluation of the structural response of Perfobond shear connectors", Eng. Struct., 32(8). 1976-1985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.02.031.
  8. Cho, J.R., Park, S.Y., Cho, K., Kim, S.T. and Kim, B.S. (2012), "Pull-out test and discrete spring model of fiber-reinforced polymer perfobond rib shear connector", Canadian J. Civil Eng., 39(12), 1311-1320. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2011-0573.
  9. Chung, C.H., Lee, J. and Kim, J.S. (2016), "Shear Strength of T-type Perfobond Rib Shear Connectors", KSCE J. Civil Eng., 20(5), 1824-1834. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-015-0095-8.
  10. Deng, W.Q., Gu, J.C., Liu, D., Hu, J. and Zhang, J.D. (2019), "Study of single perfobond rib with head stud shear connectors for a composite structure", Mag. Concrete Res., 71(17), 920-934. https://doi.org/10.1680/jmacr.18.00051.
  11. Di, J., Zou, Y., Zhou, X.H., Qin, F.J. and Peng, X. (2018), "Push-out test of large perfobond connectors in steel-concrete joints of hybrid bridges", J. Construct. Steel Res., 150, 415-429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.09.002.
  12. Dietrich, M.Z. and Calenzani, A.F.G. and Fakury, R.H. (2019), "Analysis of rotational stiffness of steel-concrete composite beams for lateral-torsional buckling", Eng. Struct., 198, 109554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109554.
  13. Eurocode 4, E.N. (2004), Design of Composite Steel and Concrete Structures. Part 1.1: General Rules and Rules for Buildings, BSI Publications, London.
  14. GB50017 (2017), Standard for Design of Steel Structures. GB50017-2017, China Building Industry Press, Beijing.
  15. GB50917 (2013), Code for Design of Steel and Concrete Composite Bridges. GB50917-2013, China Building Industry Press, Beijing.
  16. Giussani, F. and Mola, F. (2006), "Service-stage analysis of curved composite steel-concrete bridge beams", J. Struct. Eng.- ASCE, 132(12), 1928-1939. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2006)132:12(1928).
  17. Gu, J.C., Liu, D., Deng, W.Q. and Zhang, J.D. (2019), "Experimental study on the shear resistance of a comb-type perfobond rib shear connector", J. Construct. Steel Res., 158, 279-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2019.03.032.
  18. He, S.H., Fang, Z., Fang, Y.W., Liu, M., Liu, L.Y. and Mosallam, A.S. (2016), "Experimental study on perfobond strip connector in steel-concrete joints of hybrid bridges", J. Construct. Steel Res., 118, 169-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2015.11.009.
  19. He, S.H., Fang, Z. and Mosallam, A.S. (2017), "Push-out tests for perfobond strip connectors with UHPC grout in the joints of steel-concrete hybrid bridge girders", Eng. Struct., 135, 177-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.01.008.
  20. Hosaka, T., Mitsugi, K., Hiragi, H. and Ushijima, H. (2002), "Study on shear strength and design method of perfobond strip", Japan. J. Struct. Eng., 48, 1265-1272.
  21. Hu, J.H., Ye, M.X. and Huang, Q. (2006), "Experiment on bearing capacity of PBL shear connectors", China J. Highway Transport, 19(6), 65-72. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1001-7372.2006.06.013.
  22. Kim, K.S., Han, O., Choi, J. and Kim, S.H. (2019a), "Hysteretic performance of stubby Y-type perfobond rib shear connectors depending on transverse rebar", Construct. Build. Mater., 200, 64-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.12.070.
  23. Kim, K.S., Han, O., Gombosuren, M. and Kim, S.H. (2019b), "Numerical simulation of Y-type perfobond rib shear connectors using finite element analysis", Steel Compos. Struct., 31(1), 53-67. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2019.31.1.053.
  24. Kim, S.H., Choi, J., Park, S.J., Ahn, J.H. and Jung, C.Y. (2014), "Behavior of composite girder with Y-type perfobond rib shear connectors", J. Construct. Steel Res., 103, 275-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.09.012.
  25. Kim, S.H., Choi, K.T., Park, S.J., Park, S.M. and Lung, C.Y. (2013), "Experimental shear resistance evaluation of Y-type perfobond rib shear connector", J. Construct. Steel Res., 82, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2012.12.001.
  26. Kim, S.H., Han, O., Kim, K.S. and Park, J.S. (2018), "Experimental behavior of double-row Y-type perfobond rib shear connectors", J. Construct. Steel Res., 150, 221-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.08.012.
  27. Kim, S.H., Kim, K.S., Lee, D.H., Park, J.S. and Han, O. (2017a), "Analysis of the shear behavior of stubby Y-type perfobond rib shear connectors for a composite frame structure", Materials, 10(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10111340.
  28. Kim, S.H., Kim, K.S., Park, S., Aim, J.H. and Lee, M.K. (2016), "Y-type perfobond rib shear connectors subjected to fatigue loading on highway bridges", J. Construct. Steel Res., 122, 445-454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2016.04.015.
  29. Kim, S.H., Park, S., Kim, K.S. and Jung, C.Y. (2017b), "Generalized formulation for shear resistance on Y-type perfobond rib shear connectors", J. Construct. Steel Res., 128, 245-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2016.08.016.
  30. Klingner, R.E. and Mendonca, J.A. (1982), "Tensile capacity of short anchor bolts and welded studs - a literature-review", J. Amer. Concrete Institute, 79(4), 270-279. https://doi.org/10.14359/10897.
  31. Leonhardt, F., Andrae, W., Andrae, H.P. and Harre, W. (1989), "New, improved bonding means for composite load bearing structures with high fatigue strength", Int. J. Fatigue, 11(6), 449.
  32. Li, Z.X., Zhao, C.H., Deng, K.L. and Wang, W.A. (2018), "Load sharing and slip distribution in multiple holes of a perfobond rib shear connector", J. Struct. Eng., 144(9). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)st.1943-541x.0002152.
  33. Liu, X.P., Bradford, M.A. and Ataei, A. (2017), "Flexural performance of innovative sustainable composite steel-concrete beams", Eng. Struct., 130, 282-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.10.009.
  34. Medberry, S.B. (2002), "Perfobond shear connector for composite construction", Eng. J., 39.
  35. Mirza, O. and Uy, B. (2010), "Effects of the combination of axial and shear loading on the behaviour of headed stud steel anchors", Eng. Struct., 32(1), 93-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.08.019.
  36. Oehlers, D. and Coughlan, C. (1986), "The shear stiffness of stud shear connections in composite beams", J. Construct. Steel Res., 6(4), 273-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-974X(86)90008-8.
  37. Oguejiofor, E.C. and Hosain, M.U. (1992), "Behavior of perfobond rib shear connectors in composite beams - full-size tests", Canadian J. Civil Eng., 19(2), 224-235. https://doi.org/10.1139/l92-028.
  38. Oguejiofor, E.C. and Hosain, M.U. (1994), "A Parametric Study of Perfobond Rib Shear Connectors", Canadian J. Civil Eng., 21(4), 614-625. https://doi.org/10.1139/l94-063.
  39. Oguejiofor, E.C. and Hosain, M.U. (1995), "Tests of Full-Size Composite Beams with Perfobond Rib Connectors", Canadian J. Civil Eng., 22(1), 80-92. https://doi.org/10.1139/l95-008.
  40. Oguejiofor, E.C. and Hosain, M.U. (1997), "Numerical analysis of push-out specimens with perfobond rib connectors", Comput. Struct., 62(4), 617-624. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-7949(96)00270-2.
  41. Ros, M. (1934), "Les constructions acier-beton systeme Alpha", L'Ossature Metallique (Bruxelles), 3(4), 195-208.
  42. Rodrigues, J.P.C. and Laim, L. (2011), "Behaviour of Perfobond shear connectors at high temperatures", Eng. Struct., 33(10), 2744-2753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.05.004.
  43. Rodrigues, J.P.C. and Laim, L. (2014), "Experimental investigation on the structural response of T, T-block and TPerfobond shear connectors at elevated temperatures", Eng. Struct., 75, 299-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.06.016.
  44. Shim, C.S., Lee, P.G. and Yoon, T.Y. (2004), "Static behavior of large stud shear connectors", Eng. Struct., 26(12), 1853-1860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.07.011.
  45. Su, Q.T., Wang, W., Luan, H.W. and Yang, G.T. (2014a), "Experimental research on bearing mechanism of perfobond rib shear connectors", J. Construct. Steel Res., 95, 22-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2013.11.020.
  46. Su, Q.T., Yang, G.T. and Bradford, M.A. (2016), "Bearing Capacity of Perfobond Rib Shear Connectors in Composite Girder Bridges", J. Bridge Eng., 21(4). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000865.
  47. Su, Q.T., Yang, G.T. and Li, C.X. (2014b), "Structural behaviour of perforated shear connectors with flange heads in composite girders: an experimental approach", Int. J. Steel Struct., 14(1), 151-164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-014-1013-5.
  48. Su, Q.T., Yang, G.T. and Wu, C. (2012), "Experimental investigation on inelastic behavior of composite box girder under negative moment", Int. J. Steel Struct., 12(1), 71-84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-012-1007-0.
  49. Vianna, J.D., Costa-Neves, L.F., Vellasco, P.C.G. and de Andrade, S.A.L. (2009), "Experimental assessment of Perfobond and T-Perfobond shear connectors' structural response", J. Construct. Steel Res., 65(2), 408-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2008.02.011.
  50. Vianna, J.D., Costa-Neves, L.F., Vellasco, P.C.G.D. and de Andrade, S.A.L. (2008), "Structural behaviour of T-Perfobond shear connectors in composite girders: An experimental approach", Eng. Struct., 30(9), 2381-2391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.01.015.
  51. Vianna, J.D., de Andrade, S.A.L., Vellasco, P.C.G.D. and Costa-Neves, L.F. (2013), "Experimental study of Perfobond shear connectors in composite construction", J. Construct. Steel Res., 81, 62-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2012.11.002.
  52. Viest, I.M. (1956), "Investigation of Stud Shear Connectors for Composite Concrete and Steel T-Beams", J. Amer. Concrete Institute, 27(8), 875-891. https://doi.org/10.14359/11655.
  53. Wang, B., Huang, Q. and Liu, X.L. (2019a), "Comparison of static and fatigue behaviors between stud and perfobond shear connectors", KSCE J. Civil Eng., 23(1), 217-227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-018-1303-0.
  54. Wang, Q. (2013), Experimental Research on Mechanical Behavior and Design Method of Stud Connectors, Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Bridge Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
  55. Wang, X.Z., Liu, Y.Q. and Liu, Y.Q. (2019b), "Experimental study on shear behavior of notched long-hole perfobond connectors", Adv. Struct. Eng., 22(1), 202-213. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433218782991.
  56. Wang, Y.C. (1998), "Deflection of steel-concrete composite beams with partial shear interaction", J. Struct. Eng., 124(10), 1159-1165. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1998)124:10(1159).
  57. Wang, Z.H., Li, Q. and Zhao, C.H. (2013), "Ultimate shear resistance of perfobond rib shear connectors based on a modified push-out test", Adv. Struct. Eng., 16(4), 667-680. https://doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.16.4.667.
  58. Xiao, L., Li, X. and John Ma, Z. (2017), "Behavior of perforated shear connectors in steel-concrete composite joints of hybrid bridges", J. Bridge Eng., 22(4). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001020.
  59. Yang, G.T. and Su, Q.T. (2011), "Discussion on composite (steel-concrete) highway bridge fatigue assessment", J. Construct. Steel Res., 67(9), 1411-1412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2011.03.002
  60. Yang, G.T. and Su, Q.T. (2012), "Discussion on numerical simulation of concrete encased steel composite columns", J. Construct. Steel Res., 71, 263-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2011.09.013.
  61. Zhang, Q., Jia, D., Bao, Y., Cheng, Z., Xiao, L. and Bu, Y. (2018), "Internal force transfer effect-based fatigue damage evaluation for PBL shear connector groups", J. Construct. Steel Res., 148, 469-478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.06.016.
  62. Zhang, Q.H., Jia, D.L., Bao, Y., Cheng, Z.Y., Bu, Y.Z. and Li, Q. (2017a), "Analytical study on internal force transfer of perfobond rib shear connector group using a nonlinear spring model", J. Bridge Eng., 22(10). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)be.1943-5592.0001123.
  63. Zhang, Q.H., Pei, S.L., Cheng, Z.Y., Bao, Y. and Li, Q. (2017b), "Theoretical and experimental studies of the internal force transfer mechanism of perfobond rib shear connector group", J. Bridge Eng., 22(2). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000997.
  64. Zhao, C. (2013), Research on Shear Capacity and Deformation Property of Perfobond Connectors, Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Bridge Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
  65. Zheng, S.J. and Liu, Y.Q. (2014), "Experiment of initial shear stiffness of perfobond connector", China J. Highway Transport, 27(11), 69-75.
  66. Zheng, S.J., Liu, Y.Q., Liu, Y.Q. and Zhao, C. (2019), "Experimental and numerical study on shear resistance of notched perfobond shear connector", Materials, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12030341.