Nutrition Research and Practice

  • 제16권1호
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  • Pages.14-32
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  • 2022
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  • 1976-1457(pISSN)
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  • 2005-6168(eISSN)
한국영양학회 (The Korean Nutrition Society)
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Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract and Gypenoside L enhance skeletal muscle differentiation and mitochondrial metabolism by activating the PGC-1α pathway in C2C12 myotubes

  • Kim, Yoon Hee (Technology Development Center, BTC Corporation) ;
  • Jung, Jae In (Regional Strategic Industry Innovation Center, Hallym University) ;
  • Jeon, Young Eun (Regional Strategic Industry Innovation Center, Hallym University) ;
  • Kim, So Mi (Regional Strategic Industry Innovation Center, Hallym University) ;
  • Oh, Tae Kyu (Technology Development Center, BTC Corporation) ;
  • Lee, Jaesun (Technology Development Center, BTC Corporation) ;
  • Moon, Joo Myung (Technology Development Center, BTC Corporation) ;
  • Kim, Tae Young (Technology Development Center, BTC Corporation) ;
  • Kim, Eun Ji (Regional Strategic Industry Innovation Center, Hallym University)
  • 투고 : 2021.03.24
  • 심사 : 2021.06.10
  • 발행 : 2022.02.01
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초록

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator-1α (PGC-1α) has a central role in regulating muscle differentiation and mitochondrial metabolism. PGC-1α stimulates muscle growth and muscle fiber remodeling, concomitantly regulating lactate and lipid metabolism and promoting oxidative metabolism. Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thumb.) has been widely employed as a traditional herbal medicine and possesses antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, hypolipemic, hypoglycemic, and anticancer properties. We investigated whether G. pentaphyllum extract (GPE) and its active compound, gypenoside L (GL), affect muscle differentiation and mitochondrial metabolism via activation of the PGC-1α pathway in murine C2C12 myoblast cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: C2C12 cells were treated with GPE and GL, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot were used to analyze the mRNA and protein expression levels. Myh1 was determined using immunocytochemistry. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation was measured using the 2'7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay. RESULTS: GPE and GL promoted the differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes and elevated mRNA and protein expression levels of Myh1 (type IIx). GPE and GL also significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of the PGC-1α gene (Ppargc1a), lactate metabolism-regulatory genes (Esrra and Mct1), adipocyte-browning gene fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 gene (Fndc5), glycogen synthase gene (Gys), and lipid metabolism gene carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b gene (Cpt1b). Moreover, GPE and GL induced the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase, p38, sirtuin1, and deacetylated PGC-1α. We also observed that treatment with GPE and GL significantly stimulated the expression of genes associated with the anti-oxidative stress response, such as Ucp2, Ucp3, Nrf2, and Sod2. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that GPE and GL enhance exercise performance by promoting myotube differentiation and mitochondrial metabolism through the upregulation of PGC-1α in C2C12 skeletal muscle.

키워드

과제정보

We would like to thank the BTC Corporation for providing the Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract (GPE) and gypenoside L (GL).

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