DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Study on the transient flow induced by the windbreak transition regions in a railway subject to crosswinds

  • Zheng-Wei, Chen (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University) ;
  • Syeda Anam, Hashmi (Birmingham Centre for Railway Research and Education, School of Civil Engineering, University of Birmingham B15 2TT) ;
  • Tang-Hong, Liu (Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education, School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University) ;
  • Wen-Hui, Li (Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education, School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University) ;
  • Zhuang, Sun (Chengdu Fluid Dynamics Innovation Center) ;
  • Dong-Run, Liu (Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education, School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University) ;
  • Hassan, Hemida (Birmingham Centre for Railway Research and Education, School of Civil Engineering, University of Birmingham B15 2TT) ;
  • Hong-Kang, Liu (Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education, School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University)
  • 투고 : 2021.12.03
  • 심사 : 2022.08.06
  • 발행 : 2022.11.25

초록

Due to the complex terrain around high-speed railways, the windbreaks were established along different landforms, resulting in irregular windbreak transition regions between different subgrade infrastructures (flat ground, cutting, embankment, etc). In this paper, the effect of a windbreak transition on the wind flow around railways subjected to crosswinds was studied. Wind tunnel testing was conducted to study the wind speed change around a windbreak transition on flat ground with a uniform wind speed inflow, and the collected data were used to validate a numerical simulation based on a detached eddy simulation method. The validated numerical method was then used to investigate the effect of the windbreak transition from the flat ground to cutting (the "cutting" is a railway subgrade type formed by digging down from the original ground) for three different wind incidence angles of 90°, 75°, and 105°. The deterioration mechanism of the flow fields and the reasons behind the occurrence of the peak wind velocities were explained in detail. The results showed that for the windbreak transition on flat ground, the impact was small. For the transition from the flat ground to the cutting, the influence was relatively large. The significant increase in the wind speeds was due to the right-angle structure of the windbreak transition, which resulted in sudden changes of the wind velocity as well as the direction. In addition, the height mismatch in the transition region worsened the protective effect of a typical windbreak.

키워드

과제정보

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52202426, U1334205). The National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2020YFA0710903), the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education, Central South University (Grant No. 502401002), the Hong Kong and Macau Joint Research and Development Fund of Wuyi University (Grant No. 2019WGALH15, 2019WGALH17, and 2021WGALH15), and the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China (Grant No. 2020JJ4737).

참고문헌

  1. Baker, C., Cheli, F., Orellano, A., Paradot, N., Proppe, C. and Rocchi, D. (2009), "Cross-wind effects on road and rail vehicles", Vehicle Syst. Dyn., 47(8), 983-1022. https://doi.org/10.1080/00423110903078794.
  2. Boldes, U., Colman, J. and Di Leo, J.M. (2001), "Field study of the flow behind single and double row herbaceous windbreaks", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 89(7-8), 665-687. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(01)00065-4.
  3. Boldes, U., Golberg, A., Di Leo, J.M., Colman, J. and Scarabino, A. (2002), "Canopy flow and aspects of the response of plants protected by herbaceous shelterbelts and wood fences", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 90(11), 1253-1270. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(02)00256-8.
  4. Cheli, F., Ripamonti, F., Rocchi, D. and Tomasini, G. (2010), "Aerodynamic behaviour investigation of the new EMUV250 train to cross wind", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 98(4-5), 189-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2009.10.015.
  5. Chen, Z.W., Liu, T.H., Yan, C.G., Yu, M., Guo, Z.J. and Wang, T.T. (2019), "Numerical simulation and comparison of the slipstreams of trains with different nose lengths under crosswind", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 190, 256-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2019.05.005.
  6. Chen, Z.W., Ni, Y.Q., Wang, Y.W., Wang, S.M. and Liu, T.H. (2022), "Mitigating crosswind effect on high-speed trains by active blowing method: a comparative study", Eng. Appl. Comput. Fluid Mech., 16(1), 1064-1081. https://doi.org/10.1080/19942060.2022.2064921.
  7. Chen, Z., Liu, T., Jiang, Z., Guo, Z. and Zhang, J. (2018), "Comparative analysis of the effect of different nose lengths on train aerodynamic performance under crosswind", J. Fluid. Struct., 78, 69-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2017.12.016.
  8. Chen, Z., Liu, T., Li, M., Yu, M., Lu, Z. and Liu, D. (2019), "Dynamic response of railway vehicles under unsteady aerodynamic forces caused by local landforms", Wind Struct., 29(3), 149-161. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2019.29.3.149.
  9. Chen, Z., Liu, T., Yu, M., Chen, G., Chen, M. and Guo, Z. (2020), "Experimental and numerical research on wind characteristics affected by actual mountain ridges and windbreaks: a case study of the Lanzhou-Xinjiang high-speed railway", Eng. Appl. Comput. Fluid Mech., 14(1), 1385-1403. https://doi.org/10.1080/19942060.2020.1831963
  10. Chen, Z. and Ni, Y. (2022), "Sudden flow induced by mountain ridges beside windbreaks in a railway and its mitigation measures", Transport. Saf. Environ., 4(1), tdac004. https://doi.org/10.1093/tse/tdac004.
  11. Cui, T., Zhang, W. and Sun, B. (2014), "Investigation of train safety domain in cross wind in respect of attitude change", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 130, 75-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2014.04.006.
  12. Deng, E., Yang, W., Lei, M., Zhu, Z. and Zhang, P. (2019), "Aerodynamic loads and traffic safety of high-speed trains when passing through two windproof facilities under crosswind: A comparative study", Eng. Struct., 188, 320-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.01.080.
  13. Diedrichs, B., Sima, M., Orellano, A. and Tengstrand, H. (2007), "Crosswind stability of a high-speed train on a high embankment", Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit., 221(2), 205-225. https://doi.org/10.1243/0954409JRRT126.
  14. Dong, X., Liu, T., Xia, Y., Yang, F., Chen, Z. and Guo, Z. (2022), "Comparative analysis of the aerodynamic performance of trains and dynamic responses of catenaries for windbreak walls with different heights under crosswind", Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit., 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1177/09544097221112506.
  15. Flynn, D., Hemida, H., Soper, D. and Baker, C. (2014), "Detached-eddy simulation of the slipstream of an operational freight train", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 132, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2014.06.016.
  16. Gao, H., Liu, T., Gu, H., Jiang, Z., Huo, X., Xia, Y. and Chen, Z. (2021), "Full-scale tests of unsteady aerodynamic loads and pressure distribution on fast trains in crosswinds", Measurement, 186, 110152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2021.110152.
  17. Gu, H., Liu, T., Jiang, Z. and Guo, Z. (2020), "Research on the wind-sheltering performance of different forms of corrugated wind barriers on railway bridges", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 201, 104166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2020.104166.
  18. Guo, Z., Liu, T., Chen, Z., Xia, Y., Li, W. and Li, L. (2020), "Aerodynamic influences of bogie's geometric complexity on high-speed trains under crosswind", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 196, 104053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2019.104053.
  19. Hashmi, S.A., Hemida, H. and Soper, D. (2019), "Wind tunnel testing on a train model subjected to crosswinds with different windbreak walls", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 195, 104013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2019.104013.
  20. He, X., Zhou, L., Chen, Z., Jing, H., Zou, Y. and Wu, T. (2019), "Effect of wind barriers on the flow field and aerodynamic forces of a train-bridge system", Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit. 233(3), 283-297. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954409718793220.
  21. Hemida, H. and Krajnovic, S. (2008), "LES study of the influence of a train-nose shape on the flow structures under cross-wind conditions", J. Fluid. Eng. - T ASME, 130(9), 091101. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2953228.
  22. Huo, X., Liu, T., Yu, M., Chen, Z., Guo, Z., Li, W. and Wang, T. (2021), "Impact of the trailing edge shape of a downstream dummy vehicle on train aerodynamics subjected to crosswind", Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit., 235(2), 201-214. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954409720915039.
  23. Krajnovic, S. (2008). "Numerical simulation of the flow around an ICE2 train under the influence of a wind gust", Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Railway Engineering-Challenges for Railway Transportation in Information Age, Hong Kong, March. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/4730862.
  24. Krajnovic, S., Ringqvist, P., Nakade, K. and Basara, B. (2012), "Large eddy simulation of the flow around a simplified train moving through a crosswind flow", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 110, 86-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2012.07.001.
  25. Li, W., Liu, T., Martinez-Vazquez, P., Guo, Z., Huo, X., Xia, Y. and Chen, Z. (2022), "Effects of embankment layouts on train aerodynamics in a wind tunnel configuration", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 220, 104830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2021.104830.
  26. Li, Y., Hu, P., Cai, C., Zhang, M. and Qiang, S. (2013), "Wind tunnel study of a sudden change of train wind loads due to the wind shielding effects of bridge towers and passing trains", J. Eng. Mech., 139(9), 1249-1259. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000559.
  27. Li, Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, M., Wang, Z. and Guo, J. (2019), "Aerodynamic effects of viaduct-cutting connection section on high-speed railway by wind tunnel tests", J. Aerosp. Eng., 32(5), 05019002. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0001065.
  28. Liu, B. (2017), "Wind characteristic analysis of 100-kilometer wind area in Lanzhou-Xinjiang high-speed railway", Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Industrial Aerodynamics (ICIA 2017), 562-571.
  29. Liu, T.H., Wang, L., Chen, Z.W., Gao, H.R., Li, W.H., Guo, Z.J., Xia, Y.T., Huo, X.S. and Wang, Y.W. (2022), "Study on the pressure pipe length in train aerodynamic tests and its applications in crosswinds", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 220, 104880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2021.104880.
  30. Liu, T., Chen, Z., Zhou, X. and Zhang, J. (2018), "A CFD analysis of the aerodynamics of a high-speed train passing through a windbreak transition under crosswind", Eng. Appl. Comput. Fluid Mech., 12(1), 137-151. https://doi.org/10.1080/19942060.2017.1360211.
  31. Ma, S. and Ma, Y. (2012), "Study on preventing and controlling strong wind disaster on high-speed railway", Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on High-Speed and Intercity Railways, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27960-7.
  32. Mohebbi, M. and Rezvani, M.A. (2018), "Two-dimensional analysis of the influence of windbreaks on airflow over a high-speed train under crosswind using lattice Boltzmann method", Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit., 232(3), 863-872. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954409717699502.
  33. Mohebbi, M. and Rezvani, M.A. (2019), "Analysis of the effects of lateral wind on a high speed train on a double routed railway track with porous shelters", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 184, 116-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2018.11.011.
  34. Mohebbi, M. and Rezvani, M.A. (2021), "2D and 3D numerical and experimental analyses of the aerodynamic effects of air fences on a high-speed train", Wind Struct., 32(6), 539-550. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2021.32.6.539.
  35. Mohebbi, M. and Safaee, A.M. (2021), "The optimum model determination of porous barriers in high-speed tracks", Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit., 0954409721995323. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954409721995323.
  36. Niu, J., Wang, Y., Liu, F. and Chen, Z. (2020), "Comparative study on the effect of aerodynamic braking plates mounted at the inter-carriage region of a high-speed train with pantograph and air-conditioning unit for enhanced braking", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 206, 104360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2020.104360.
  37. Niu, J., Zhang, Y., Li, R., Chen, Z., Yao, H. and Wang, Y. (2022), "Aerodynamic simulation of effects of one-and two-side windbreak walls on a moving train running on a double track railway line subjected to strong crosswind", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 221, 104912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2022.104912.
  38. Niu, J., Zhou, D. and Wang, Y. (2018), "Numerical comparison of aerodynamic performance of stationary and moving trains with or without windbreak wall under crosswind", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 182, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2018.09.011.
  39. Pieris, S., Tuna, B., Yarusevych, S. and Peterson, S. (2020), "Flow development upstream of a fence", Int. J. Heat Fluid Fl., 82, 108565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2020.108565.
  40. Shur, M.L., Spalart, P.R., Strelets, M.K. and Travin, A.K. (2008), "A hybrid RANS-LES approach with delayed-DES and wall-modelled LES capabilities", Int. J. Heat Fluid Fl., 29(6), 1638-1649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2008.07.001.
  41. Spalart, P.R., Deck, S., Shur, M.L., Squires, K.D., Strelets, M.K. and Travin, A. (2006), "A new version of detached-eddy simulation, resistant to ambiguous grid densities", Theor. Comput. Fluid Dyn., 20(3), 181-195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00162-006-0015-0.
  42. Sui, Y., Niu, J., Ricco, P., Yuan, Y., Yu, Q., Cao, X. and Yang, X. (2021), "Impact of vacuum degree on the aerodynamics of a high-speed train capsule running in a tube", Int. J. Heat Fluid Fl., 88, 108752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2020.108752.
  43. Sun, Z., Hashmi, S.A., Dai, H., Cheng, X., Zhang, T. and Chen, Z. (2021), "Safety comparisons of a high-speed train's head and tail passing by a windbreak breach", Vehicle Syst. Dyn., 59(6), 823-840. https://doi.org/10.1080/00423114.2020.1725067.
  44. Tan, C., Zhou, D., Chen, G., Sheridan, J. and Krajnovic, S. (2020), "Influences of marshalling length on the flow structure of a maglev train", Int. J. Heat Fluid Fl., 85, 108604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2020.108604.
  45. TFI (2015), Turbulent Flow instrumentation - cobra probe - getting Started Guide, Turbulent Flow Instrumentation Pty Ltd.
  46. Tian, H. (2010), "Research progress in railway safety under strong wind condition in China", J. Central South University (Science and Technology). 41(6), 2435-2443. https://doi.org/CNKI:SUN:ZNGD.0.2010-06-063. 10-06-063
  47. Tian, H. (2019), "Review of research on high-speed railway aerodynamics in China", Transport. Saf. Environ., 1(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1093/tse/tdz014.
  48. Tsubokura, M., Nakashima, T., Kitayama, M., Ikawa, Y., Doh, D.H. and Kobayashi, T. (2010), "Large eddy simulation on the unsteady aerodynamic response of a road vehicle in transient crosswinds", Int. J. Heat Fluid Fl., 31(6), 1075-1086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2010.05.008.
  49. Tunay, T., Firat, E. and Sahin, B. (2018), "Experimental investigation of the flow around a simplified ground vehicle under effects of the steady crosswind", Int. J. Heat Fluid Fl., 71, 137-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2018.03.020.
  50. Van Doormaal, J.P. and Raithby, G.D. (1984), "Enhancements of the SIMPLE method for predicting incompressible fluid flows", Numer. Heat Transfer., 7(2), 147-163. https://doi.org/10.1080/01495728408961817.
  51. Wang, J., Minelli, G., Dong, T., Chen, G. and Krajnovic, S. (2019), "The effect of bogie fairings on the slipstream and wake flow of a high-speed train. An IDDES study", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 191, 183-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2019.06.010.
  52. Xu, J., Chen, Z. and Liu, T. (2019). "Experimental and numerical research on the safety of an EMU running on a normal-speed railway line under strong wind", Proceedings of the Conference: 2019 3th International Conference on Traffic Engineering and Transportation System (ICTETS 2019), Jiaozuo. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/688/4/044049.
  53. Yang, W., Deng, E., Lei, M., Zhu, Z. and Zhang, P. (2019), "Transient aerodynamic performance of high-speed trains when passing through two windproof facilities under crosswinds: A comparative study", Eng. Struct., 188, 729-744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.03.070.
  54. Yu, H., Wang, B., Li, Y. and Zhang, M. (2019), "Driving risk of road vehicle shielded by bridge tower under strong crosswind", Nat. Hazards. 96(1), 497-519. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-018-3554-y.
  55. Zhang, J., Zhang, M., Li, Y. and Fang, C. (2019), "Aerodynamic effects of subgrade-tunnel transition on high-speed railway by wind tunnel tests", Wind Struct., 8(4), 203-213. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2019.28.4.203.