Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition

The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (대한소아소화기영양학회)
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Zinc Deficiency Elevates Fecal Protein, But Not Electrolyte and Short-Chain Fatty Acid, Levels in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-Induced Diarrhea in Rats

  • David, Ebuka E. (Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo) ;
  • Yameen, Muhammad A. (Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University) ;
  • Igwenyi, Ikechuku O. (Department of Biochemistry, Ebonyi State University) ;
  • David, Chidinma N. (Department of Microbiology, Ebonyi State University) ;
  • Nwobodo, Valentine (Department of Applied Biochemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University) ;
  • Ismail, Akindele K. (Department of Microbiology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo)
  • Received : 2020.10.12
  • Accepted : 2021.12.17
  • Published : 2022.01.15
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Abstract

Purpose: To determine the effect of zinc deficiency on fecal protein, electrolyte, and short-chain fatty acid levels in both heat-stable (ST) and heat-labile (LT) enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-induced diarrhea in rats. Methods: Albino rats, weighing 100 to 150 g, were divided into 2 groups, with 15 animals each: non-zinc and zinc-deficient. These two groups were sub-divided into three sub-groups with five rats each: control (saline); LT-ETEC; and ST-ETEC. Sodium phytate (30 mmol/L) was added to the animals' water to induce zinc deficiency, while diarrhea was induced using 5×109 ETEC cells/mL. Fecal protein levels were estimated using the Bradford method, while sodium and potassium levels were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Short-chain fatty acids were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: Among the non-zinc and zinc-deficient groups, there were significant increases (p=0.04), (p=0.03) in fecal protein concentrations (mg/mL) in the LT-ETEC- (4.50±0.33), (6.50±0.26) and ST-ETEC- (3.85±0.19), (5.98±0.32) induced groups compared to the control groups (2.60±0.52), (3.50±0.11) respectively. Fecal sodium and potassium levels (mg/L) were significantly (p=0.029) increased in non-zinc-deficient rats induced with LT-ETEC (9.35±0.95, 1.05±0.48), and ST-ETEC (9.96±1.02, 1.21±0.45) compared with the control group (8.07±0.44, 0.47±0.17) but the increase were not statistically significant (p=0.059) in the zinc deficient rat groups. Fecal acetate and propionate levels (mg/g) significantly (p=0.032) increased when induced with LT-ETEC and ST-ETEC in non-zinc and zinc-deficient groups compared with the control groups. Conclusion: Zinc deficiency among rats with ETEC-induced diarrhea elevated fecal protein loss but may not have an effect on fecal sodium, potassium and short-chain fatty acid levels.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors are very grateful for the financial support received from The World Academy of Sciences in collaboration with Higher Education Commission, Pakistan, through the COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan (FR number: 3240287158). The funding body had no role in the design of the study, collection of samples, analysis, and interpretation of data, or in writing/publishing of the manuscript.

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