Structural Engineering and Mechanics

  • 제81권1호
  • /
  • Pages.81-91
  • /
  • 2022
  • /
  • 1225-4568(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1598-6217(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Mechanism of failure in the Semi-Circular Bend (SCB) specimen of gypsum-concrete with an edge notch

  • Fu, Jinwei (School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power) ;
  • Sarfarazi, Vahab (Department of Mining Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology) ;
  • Haeri, Hadi (State Key Laboratory for Deep GeoMechanics and Underground Engineering) ;
  • Marji, Mohammad Fatehi (Department of Mine Exploitation Engineering, Faculty of Mining and metallurgy, Institute of Engineering, Yazd University) ;
  • Guo, Mengdi (School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power)
  • 투고 : 2020.07.19
  • 심사 : 2021.11.02
  • 발행 : 2022.01.10
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

The effects of interaction between concrete-gypsum interface and edge crack on the failure behavior of the specimens in senicircular bend (SCB) test were studied in the laboratory and also simulated numerically using the discrete element method. Some quarter circular specimens of gypsum and concrete with 5 cm radii and hieghts were separately prepared. Then the semicircular testing specimens were made by attaching one gypsum and one concrete sample to one another using a special glue and one edge crack is produced (in the interface) by do not using the glue in that part of the interface. The tensile strengths of concrete and gypsum samples were separately measured as 2.2 MPa and 1.3 MPa, respectively. during all testing performances a constant loading rate of 0.005 mm/s were stablished. The proposed testing method showed that the mechanism of failure and fracture in the brittle materials were mostly governed by the dimensions and number of discontinuities. The fracture toughnesses of the SCB samples were related to the fracture patterns during the failure processes of these specimens. The tensile behaviour of edge notch was related to the number of induced tensile cracks which were increased by decreasing the joint length. The fracture toughness of samples was constant by increasing the joint length. The failure process and fracture pattern in the notched semi-circular bending specimens were similar for both methods used in this study (i.e., the laboratory tests and the simulation procedure using the particle flow code (PFC2D)).

키워드

과제정보

This work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51608117), Key Specialized Research and Development Breakthrough Program in Henan province (Grant No. 192102210051).

참고문헌

  1. Adiyaman, G., Yaylaci, M. and Birinci, A. (2015), "Analytical and finite element solution of a receding contact problem", Struct. Eng. Mech., 54(1), 69-85. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2015.54.1.069.
  2. Akbas, S. (2016), "Analytical solutions for static bending of edge cracked micro beams", Struct. Eng. Mech., 59(3), 66-78. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2016.59.3.066.
  3. Ayatollahi, M.R. and Aliha, M.R.M. (2004), "Fracture parameters for cracked semi-circular specimen", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 41, 20-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2004.03.014.
  4. Bayar, G. and Bili, T. (2019), "A novel study for the estimation of crack propagation in concrete using machine learning algorithms", Constr. Build. Mater., 215, 670-685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.04.227.
  5. Behnia, M., Goshtasbi, K., Fatehi Marji, M. and Golshani, A. (2014), "Numerical simulation of crack propagation in layered formations", Arab. J. Geosci., 7(7), 2729-2737. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-013-0885-6
  6. Cheng, J., Wan, Z., Zhang, Y., Li, W., Peng, S.S. and Zhang, P. (2015), "Experimental study on anisotropic strength and deformation behavior of a coal measure shale under room dried and water saturated conditions", Shock Vib., 2015, Article ID 290293. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/290293.
  7. Dastgerdi, A.S., Peterman, R.J., Savic, A., Riding, K. and Beck, B.T. (2020), "Prediction of splitting crack growth in prestressed concrete members using fracture toughness and concrete mix design", Constr. Build. Mater., 246, 118523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118523.
  8. Dong, W., Wu, Z. and Zhou, X. (2016), "Fracture mechanisms of rock-concrete interface: experimental and numerical", J. Eng. Mech., ASCE, 142(7), 04016040. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001099.
  9. Fowell, R.J., Xu, C. and Dowd, P.A. (2006), "An update on the fracture toughness testing methods related to the cracked chevronnotched Brazilian disk (CCNBD) specimen", Pure Appl. Geophys., 163, 1047-1057. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-006-0057-7.
  10. Golewski, G. (2019a), "A new principles for implementation and operation of foundations for machines: A review of recent advances", Struct. Eng. Mech., 71(3), 317-327. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2019.71.3.317.
  11. Golewski, G. (2019b), "Physical characteristics of concrete, essential in design of fracture-resistant, dynamically loaded reinforced concrete structures", Mater. Des. Proc. Commun., 1(5), 66-78. https://doi.org/10.1002/mdp2.82.
  12. Golewski, G. (2021a), "The beneficial effect of the addition of fly ash on reduction of the size of microcracks in the ITZ of concrete composites under dynamic loading", Energ., 14(3), 668. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14030668.
  13. Golewski, G. (2021b), "Studies of fracture toughness in concretes containing fly ash and silica fume in the first 28 days of curing", Mater., 14(3), 77-89. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14020319.
  14. Golewski, G. (2021c), "Validation of the favorable quantity of fly ash in concrete and analysis of crack propagation and its length -Using the crack tip tracking (CTT) method - In the fracture toughness examinations under Mode II, through digital image correlation", Constr. Build. Mater., 296(3), 111-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122362.
  15. Golewski, G. (2021d), "Evaluation of fracture processes under shear with the use of DIC technique in fly ash concrete and accurate measurement of crack paths lengths with the use of a new crack tip tracking method", Measure., 181(2), 77-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2021.109632.
  16. Golewski, G.L. (2019), "Estimation of the optimum content of fly ash in concrete composite based on the analysis of fracture toughness tests using various measuring systems", Constr. Build. Mater., 213, 142-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.04.071.
  17. Haeri, H. (2015), "Influence of the inclined edge notches on the shearfracture behavior in edge-notched beam specimens", Comput. Concrete, 16(4), 605-623. http://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2015.16.4.605.
  18. Hong, C.W., Jeon, S.W. and Choi, H.M. (2002), "Shear deformation and failure characteristics of rock-concrete interfaces", J. Korean Soc. Civil Eng., 22(6C), 673-680.
  19. John, Y.L. and Karadelis, N. (2019), "Interfacial fracture toughness of composite concrete beams", Constr. Build. Mater., 213, 413-423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.04.066.
  20. Jorbat, M.H., Hosseini, M. and Mahdikhani, M. (2020), "Effect of polypropylene fibers on the mode I, mode II, and mixed-mode fracture toughness and crack propagation in fiber-reinforced concrete", Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech., 109, 102723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2020.102723.
  21. Kataoka, M., Obara, Y. and Kuruppu, M. (2014), "Estimation of fracture toughness of anisotropic rocks by Semi-Circular Bend (SCB) tests under water vapor pressure", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 48(4), 1353-1367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-014-0665-y.
  22. Keles, C. and Tutluoglu, L (2011), "Investigation of proper specimen geometry for mode I fracture toughness testing with flattened Brazilian disc method", Int. J. Fract., 169(1), 61-75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-011-9584-z.
  23. Kishen, J.M.C. and Saouma, V.E. (2004), "Fracture of rock-concrete interfaces: Laboratory tests and applications", ACI Struct. J., 101(3), 325-331.
  24. Kuruppu, M.D., Obara, Y., Ayatollahi, M.R., Chong, K.P. and Funatsu, T. (2014), "ISRM-Suggested method for determining the mode I static fracture toughness using semi-circular bend specimen", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 47(1), 267-274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-013-0422-7.
  25. Li, Y. and Zhou, H. (2018), "Numerical investigations on stability evaluation of a jointed rock slope during excavation using an optimized DDARF method", Geomech. Eng., 14(3), 232-243. http://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2018.18.3.232.
  26. Lim, I.L., Johnston, I.W. and Choi, S.K. (1993), "Stress intensity factors for semi-circular specimen under three-point bending", Eng. Fract. Mech., 44(3), 363-382. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-7944(93)90030-V.
  27. Liu, X. (2020), "Experimental and numerical study on pre-peak cyclic shear mechanism of artificial rock joints", Struct. Eng. Mech., 74(3), 221-234. http://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2020.74.3.221.
  28. Marji, M.F. (1997), "Modelling of cracks in rock fragmentation with a higher order displacement discontinuity method", PhD Thesis in Mining Engineering (Rock Mechanics), 1(1), 167.
  29. Marji, M.F. (2014), "Numerical analysis of quasi-static crack branching in brittle solids by a modified displacement discontinuity method", Int. J. Solid. Struct., 51(9), 1716-1736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2014.01.022.
  30. Marji, M.F., Hosseini-Nasab, H. and Kohsary, A.H. (2007), "A new cubic element formulation of the displacement discontinuity method using three special crack tip elements for crack analysis", JP J. Solid. Struct., 1(1), 61-91.
  31. Miura, T., Nakamura, H. and Yamamoto, Y. (2020), "Impact of origination of expansion on three-dimensional expansion crack propagation process due to DEF evaluated by mesoscale discrete model", Constr. Build. Mater., 260, 119911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119911.
  32. Mohammad, A. (2016), "Statistical flexural toughness modeling of ultra-high performance concrete using response surface method", Comput. Concrete, 17(4), 33-39. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2016.17.4.033.
  33. Potyondy, D.O. and Cundall, P.A. (2004), "A bonded-particle model for rock", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 41, 1329-1364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2004.09.011.
  34. Shaowei, H., Aiqing, X., Xin, H. and Yangyang, Y. (2016), "Study on fracture characteristics of reinforced concrete wedge splitting tests", Comput. Concrete, 18(3), 337-354. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2016.18.3.337.
  35. Shuraim, A.B., Aslam, F., Hussain, R. and Alhozaimy, A. (2016), "Analysis of punching shear in high strength RC panels-experiments, comparison with codes and FEM results", Comput. Concrete, 17(6), 739-760. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2016.17.6.739.
  36. Swan, G. and Alm, O. (1982), "Sub-critical crack growth in Stripa granite: direct observations", Proceedings of the 23rd US Symposium on Rock Mechanics, University of California, Berkeley.
  37. Taheri, A., Zhang, Y. and Munoz, H. (2020), "Performance of rock crack stress thresholds determination criteria and investigating strength and confining pressure effects", Constr. Build. Mater., 243, 118263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118263.
  38. Thiercelin, M. and Roegiers, J.C. (1986), "Fracture toughness determination with the modified ring test", Proceedings of the International Symposium on Engineering in Complex Rock Formations, Beijing.
  39. Tran, K.Q., Satomi, T. and Takahashi, H. (2019), "Tensile behaviors of natural fiber and cement reinforced soil subjected to direct tensile test", J. Build. Eng., 24, 100748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.100748.
  40. Tutluoglu, L. and Keles, C. (2011), "Mode I fracture toughness determination with straight notched disk bending method", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 48(8), 1248-1261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2011.09.019.
  41. Wang, H.W., Wu, Z.M., Wang, Y.J. and Rena, C.Y. (2019), "An analytical method for predicting mode-I crack propagation process and resistance curve of rock and concrete materials", Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech., 100, 328-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2019.01.019.
  42. Wang, X. and Yuan, W. (2020), "Scale effect of mechanical properties of jointed rock mass: A numerical study based on particle flow code", Geomech. Eng., 21(3), 65-81. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.21.3.065.
  43. Wei, C., Li, Y., Zhu, W., Li, S., Wang, S. and Wang, H. (2020), "Experimental observation and numerical investigation on propagation and coalescence process of multiple flaws in rocklike materials subjected to hydraulic pressure and far-field stress", Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech., 108, 102603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2020.102603.
  44. Wei, M.D., Dai, F., Xu, N.W., Xu, Y. and Xia, K. (2015), "Three-dimensional numerical evaluation of the progressive fracture mechanism of cracked chevron notched semi-circular bend rock specimens", Eng. Fract. Mech., 134, 286-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2014.11.012.
  45. Whittaker, B.N., Singh, R.N. and Sun, Q. (1992), "Rock fracture mechanics, principals, design and applications, developments in geotechnical engineering", Amsterdam.
  46. Wu, N. and Liang, Z. (2019), "Effect of confining stress on representative elementary volume of jointed rock masses", Geomech. Eng., 18(6), 22-37. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2019.18.6.022.
  47. Xu, N.W., Dai, F., Wei, M.D., Xu, Y. and Zhao, T. (2015), "Numerical observation of three dimensional wing-cracking of cracked chevron notched Brazilian disc rock specimen subjected to mixed mode loading", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 49(1), 79-96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-015-0736-8.
  48. Yang, S., Tang, T.X., Zollinger, D. and Gurjar, A. (1997), "Splitting tension tests to determine rock fracture parameters by peak-load method", Adv. Cement Bas. Mater., 5, 18-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1065-7355(97)90011-0.
  49. Yaylac, M. (2016), "The investigation crack problem through numerical analysis", Struct. Eng. Mech., 57(6), 1143-1156. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2016.57.6.1143.
  50. Yaylaci, E.U., Yaylaci, M., Olmez, H. and Birinci, A. (2020), "Artificial neural network calculations for a receding contact problem", Comput. Concrete, 25(6), 44-55. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2020.25.6.044.
  51. Yaylaci, M. and Birinci, A. (2013), "The receding contact problem of two elastic layers supported by two elastic quarter planes", Struct. Eng. Mech., 48(2), 241-255. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2013.48.2.241.
  52. Yaylaci, M. and Birinci, A. (2015), "Analytical solution of a contact problem and comparison with the results from FEM", Struct. Eng. Mech., 54(4), 607-622. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2015.54.4.607.
  53. Yaylaci, M., Adiyaman, E., Oner, E. and Birinci, A. (2020), "Examination of analytical and finite element solutions regarding contact of a functionally graded layer", Struct. Eng. Mech., 22(2), 121-133. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2020.22.2.121.
  54. Yaylaci, M., Eyuboglu, A., Adiyaman, G., Uzun Yaylaci, E., O ner, E. and Birinci, A. (2021), "Assessment of different solution methods for receding contact problems in functionally graded layered mediums", Mech. Mater., 154, 103730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2020.103730.
  55. Zhao, W. and Huang, R. (2015), "Mechanical and fracture behavior of rock mass with parallel concentrated joints with different dip angle and number based on PFC simulation", Geomech. Eng., 8(6), 143-154. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2015.8.6.143.
  56. Zhou, C., Zhu, Z., Zhu, A., Zhou, L., Fan, Y. and Lang, L. (2019), "Deterioration of mode II fracture toughness, compressive strength and elastic modulus of concrete under the environment of acid rain and cyclic wetting-drying", Constr. Build. Mater., 228, 116809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.116809.
  57. Zhou, X.P. and Wang, Y. (2016), "Numerical simulation of crack propagation and coalescence in pre-cracked rock-like Brazilian disks using the non-ordinary state-based peridynamics", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 89, 235-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2016.09.010.
  58. Zhou, X.P., Bi, J. and Qian, Q. (2015), "Numerical simulation of crack growth and coalescence in rock-like materials containing multiple pre-existing flaws", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 48(3), 1097-1114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-014-0627-4.
  59. Zhou, X.P., Cheng, H. and Feng, Y.F. (2013), "An experimental study of crack coalescence behaviour in rock-like materials containing multiple flaws under uniaxial compression", Rock Mech. Rock Eng., 47-6, 1961-1986. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-013-0511-7.
  60. Zhou, Y.X., Xia, K., Li, X.B., Li, H.B., Ma, G.W., Zhao, J., Zhou, Z.L. and Dai, F. (2012), "Suggested methods for determining the dynamic strength parameters and mode-I fracture toughness of rock materials", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 49, 105-112. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07713-0_3.