과제정보
This work was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (Ministry of Science and ICT) (No. 2021R1G1A1013034).
참고문헌
- World Health Organization. Snakebite envenoming [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/snakebite-envenoming. Updated 2021. Accessed 2022 Mar 1.
- Lim H, Kang HG, Kim KH. Antivenom for snake bite in Korea. J Korean Med Assoc. 2013;56(12):1091-1103. https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2013.56.12.1091
- Peterson ME. Snake bite: pit vipers. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract. 2006;21(4):174-182. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ctsap.2006.10.008
- Seifert SA, Boyer LV, Benson BE, Rogers JJ. AAPCC database characterization of native U.S. venomous snake exposures, 2001-2005. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2009;47(4):327-335. https://doi.org/10.1080/15563650902870277
- McCown JL, Cooke KL, Hanel RM, Jones GL, Hill RC. Effect of antivenin dose on outcome from crotalid envenomation: 218 dogs (1988-2006). J Vet Emerg Crit Care. 2009;19(6):603-610. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-4431.2009.00487.x
- Kasturiratne A, Wickremasinghe AR, de Silva N, Gunawardena NK, Pathmeswaran A, Premaratna R, et al. The global burden of snakebite: a literature analysis and modelling based on regional estimates of envenoming and deaths. PLoS Med. 2008;5(11):e218.
- Shim JH, Son YJ, Lee SS, Park KS, Oh HB, Park YD. Ecological study on poisonous snake and investigation of the venom characteristics, snakebiting frequency in Korea. Korean J Environ Ecol. 1998;12:58-77.
- Fukuda T, Iwaki M, Hong SH, Oh HJ, Wei Z, Morokuma K, et al. Standardization of regional reference for mamushi (Gloydius blomhoffii) antivenom in Japan, Korea, and China. Jpn J Infect Dis 2006;59(1):20-24.
- Hifumi T, Sakai A, Kondo Y, Yamamoto A, Morine N, Ato M, et al. Venomous snake bites: clinical diagnosis and treatment. J Intensive Care. 2015;3(1):16.
- Kim JB, Min MS, Park DS, Song JY. Red Data Book of Endangered Amphibians and Reptiles in Korea. Incheon: National Institute of Biological Resources; 2011, p 85.
- Bolon I, Finat M, Herrera M, Nickerson A, Grace D, Schutte S, et al. Snakebite in domestic animals: first global scoping review. Prev Vet Med. 2019;170:104729.
- Debono J, Bos MH, Do MS, Fry BG. Clinical implications of coagulotoxic variations in Mamushi (Viperidae: Gloydius) snake venoms. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2019;225:108567.
- Park J, Lee J, Jee H, Park S, Kim M, Jeong S. Treatment of snakebite wound in a dog. J Vet Clin. 2007;24(3):449-452.
- Lynch A. Non-regenerative anemia. In: Drobatz KJ, Hopper K, Rozanski E, Silverstein D. Textbook of Small Animal Emergency Medicine. Hoboken: Wiley; 2019, 413-418.
- Palm C. Acute azotemia. In: Drobatz KJ, Hopper K, Rozanski E, Silverstein D. Textbook of Small Animal Emergency Medicine. Hoboken: Wiley; 2019, 593-600.
- Holowaychuk MK, Hanel RM, Darren Wood R, Rogers L, O'Keefe K, Monteith G. Prospective multicenter evaluation of coagulation abnormalities in dogs following severe acute trauma. J Vet Emerg Crit Care. 2014;24(1):93-104. https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.12141
- Kumar KS, Narayanan S, Udayabhaskaran V, Thulaseedharan NK. Clinical and epidemiologic profile and predictors of outcome of poisonous snake bites - an analysis of 1,500 cases from a tertiary care center in Malabar, North Kerala, India. Int J Gen Med. 2018;11:209-216. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S136153
- Aroch I, Harrus S. Retrospective study of the epidemiological, clinical, haematological and biochemical findings in 109 dogs poisoned by Vipera xanthina palestinae. Vet Rec. 1999;144(19):532-535. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.144.19.532
- Kim E, Choe C, Yoo JG, Oh SI, Jung Y, Cho A, et al. Major medical causes by breed and life stage for dogs presented at veterinary clinics in the Republic of Korea: a survey of electronic medical records. PeerJ. 2018;6:e5161.
- Hackett TB, Wingfield WE, Mazzaferro EM, Benedetti JS. Clinical findings associated with prairie rattlesnake bites in dogs: 100 cases (1989-1998). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2002;220(11):1675-1680. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2002.220.1675
- Segev G, Shipov A, Klement E, Harrus S, Kass P, Aroch I. Vipera palaestinae envenomation in 327 dogs: a retrospective cohort study and analysis of risk factors for mortality. Toxicon. 2004;43(6):691-699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.03.001
- Chiba T, Koga H, Kimura N, Murata M, Jinnai S, Suenaga A, et al. Clinical condition and management of 114 mamushi (Gloydius blomhoffii) bites in a general hospital in Japan. Intern Med. 2018;57(8):1075-1080. https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.9409-17
- Armentano RA, Schaer M. Overview and controversies in the medical management of pit viper envenomation in the dog. J Vet Emerg Crit Care. 2011;21(5):461-470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-4431.2011.00677.x
- Lobetti RG, Joubert K. Retrospective study of snake envenomation in 155 dogs from the Onderstepoort area of South Africa. J S Afr Vet Assoc. 2004;75(4):169-172. https://doi.org/10.4102/jsava.v75i4.477
- Julius TM, Kaelble MK, Leech EB, Boyle KL, Strandberg EJ, Clare MC. Retrospective evaluation of neurotoxic rattlesnake envenomation in dogs and cats: 34 cases (2005-2010). J Vet Emerg Crit Care. 2012;22(4):460-469. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-4431.2012.00775.x
- Walton RM, Brown DE, Hamar DW, Meador VP, Horn JW, Thrall MA. Mechanisms of echinocytosis induced by Crotalus atrox venom. Vet Pathol. 1997;34(5):442-449. https://doi.org/10.1177/030098589703400508
- Brown DE, Meyer DJ, Wingfield WE, Walton RM. Echinocytosis associated with rattlesnake envenomation in dogs. Vet Pathol. 1994;31(6):654-657. https://doi.org/10.1177/030098589403100604
- Kim OH, Lee JW, Kim HI, Cha K, Kim H, Lee KH, et al. Adverse cardiovascular events after a venomous snakebite in Korea. Yonsei Med J. 2016;57(2):512-517. https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2016.57.2.512
- Moon JM, Koo YJ, Chun BJ, Park KH, Cho YS, Kim JC, et al. The effect of myocardial injury on the clinical course of snake envenomation in South Korea. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2021;59(4):286-295. https://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2020.1802473
- Wingert WA, Chan L. Rattlesnake bites in southern California and rationale for recommended treatment. West J Med 1988;148(1):37-44.
- Riffer E, Curry SC, Gerkin R. Successful treatment with antivenin of marked thrombocytopenia without significant coagulopathy following rattlesnake bite. Ann Emerg Med. 1987;16(11):1297-1299. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-0644(87)80245-7
- Russell FE, Ruzic N, Gonzalez H. Effectiveness of antivenin (Crotalidae) polyvalent following injection of Crotalus venom. Toxicon. 1973;11(6):461-464. https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-0101(73)90003-2
- Donati PA, Tarragona L, Franco JV, Kreil V, Fravega R, Diaz A, et al. Efficacy of tramadol for postoperative pain management in dogs: systematic review and meta-analysis. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2021;48(3):283-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaa.2021.01.003
- Lenchner I, Aroch I, Segev G, Kelmer E, Bruchim Y. A retrospective evaluation of Vipera palaestinae envenomation in 18 cats: (2006-2011). J Vet Emerg Crit Care. 2014;24(4):437-443. https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.12207
- Willey JR, Schaer M. Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus) envenomation of dogs: 31 cases (1982-2002). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2005;41(1):22-33. https://doi.org/10.5326/0410022
- Gold BS, Barish RA, Dart RC. North American snake envenomation: diagnosis, treatment, and management. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2004;22(2):423-443, ix. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emc.2004.01.007
- August JA, Boesen KJ, Hurst NB, Shirazi FM, Klotz SA. Prophylactic antibiotics are not needed following rattlesnake bites. Am J Med. 2018;131(11):1367-1371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.06.006
- Gilliam LL, Brunker J. North American snake envenomation in the dog and cat. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2011;41(6):1239-1259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.08.008
- Carr A, Schultz J. Prospective evaluation of the incidence of wound infection in rattlesnake envenomation in dogs. J Vet Emerg Crit Care. 2015;25(4):546-551. https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.12337
- Gold BS, Dart RC, Barish RA. Bites of venomous snakes. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(5):347-356. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra013477
- Dart RC, McNally J. Efficacy, safety, and use of snake antivenoms in the United States. Ann Emerg Med. 2001;37(2):181-188. https://doi.org/10.1067/mem.2001.113372
- Barr SC. Clinical features therapy and epidemiology of tiger snake bite in dogs and cats. Aust Vet J. 1984;61(7):208-212. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1984.tb05990.x
- Katzenbach JE, Foy DS. Retrospective evaluation of the effect of antivenom administration on hospitalization duration and treatment cost for dogs envenomated by Crotalus viridis: 113 dogs (2004-2012). J Vet Emerg Crit Care. 2015;25(5):655-659. https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.12349
- Alirol E, Sharma SK, Bawaskar HS, Kuch U, Chappuis F. Snake bite in South Asia: a review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010;4(1):e603.