Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry (대한소아치과학회지)

Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (대한소아치과학회)
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Sleep Disordered Breathing in Children

어린이의 수면호흡장애

  • Yeonmi, Yang (Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University)
  • 양연미 (전북대학교 치과대학 소아치과학교실 및 구강생체과학연구소)
  • Received : 2022.08.11
  • Accepted : 2022.08.31
  • Published : 2022.11.30
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Abstract

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a disease characterized by repeated hypopnea and apnea during sleep due to complete or partial obstruction of upper airway. The prevalence of pediatric SDB is approximately 12 - 15%, and the most common age group is preschool children aged 3 - 5 years. Children show more varied presentations, from snoring and frequent arousals to enuresis and hyperactivity. The main cause of pediatric SDB is obstruction of the upper airway related to enlarged tonsils and adenoids. If SDB is left untreated, it can cause complications such as learning difficulties, cognitive impairment, behavioral problems, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and poor growth. Pediatric dentists are in a special position to identify children at risk for SDB. Pediatric dentists recognize clinical features related to SDB, and they should screen for SDB by using the pediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ), lateral cephalometry radiograph, and portable sleep monitoring test and refer to sleep specialists. As a therapeutic approach, maxillary arch expansion treatment, mandible advancement device, and lingual frenectomy can be performed. Pediatric dentists should recognize that prolonged mouth breathing, lower tongue posture, and ankyloglossia can cause abnormal facial skeletal growth patterns and sleep problems. Pediatric dentists should be able to prevent these problems through early intervention.

수면호흡장애(sleep disordered breathing, SDB)는 상기도의 완전한 또는 부분적 폐쇄로 인해 수면 중 반복적인 저호흡과 무호흡이 나타나는 것을 특징으로 하는 질환이다. 소아 SDB 유병률은 대략 12 - 15%이며, 호발 연령은 주로 3 - 5세의 미취학 어린이이다. 어린이는 코골이와 잦은 각성부터 야뇨증, 과잉행동에 이르기까지 다양한 증상을 보인다. 어린이에서 SDB의 주원인은 편도 및 아데노이드 비대로 인한 상기도의 폐쇄이다. SDB를 치료하지 않으면 학습 장애, 인지 장애, 행동 문제, 심혈관 질환, 대사 증후군, 저성장 등과 같은 합병증을 초래할 수 있다. 소아치과 의사는 SDB의 위험이 있는 소아를 감별하는 특별한 위치에 있다. 소아치과 의사는 SDB와 관련 있는 임상 양상을 인지하고, 소아 수면설문지, 측 모두부계측 방사선사진, 휴대용 간이수면검사 등을 이용하여 SDB를 선별하여 전문가에게 의뢰할 수 있어야 한다. 소아치과에서는 치료를 위해 상악궁 확장, 하악 전방 유도장치, 설소대 절제술 등을 시행할 수 있다. 소아치과 의사는 장기간의 구호흡과 저위설, 설소대단축증 등이 비정상적인 안면골격 성장 및 수면 문제를 일으킬 수 있음을 인지하고, 이러한 문제점들을 예방할 수 있도록 조기에 개입할 수 있어야 할 것이다.

Keywords

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